1
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Wiedemann C, Whittaker JJ, Pérez Carrillo VH, Goretzki B, Dajka M, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Krajczy PR, Joseph B, Hausch F, Guskov A, Hellmich UA. Legionella pneumophila macrophage infectivity potentiator protein appendage domains modulate protein dynamics and inhibitor binding. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126366. [PMID: 37633566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP) proteins are widespread in human pathogens including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and protozoans such as Trypanosoma cruzi. All MIP proteins contain a FKBP (FK506 binding protein)-like prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase domain that hence presents an attractive drug target. Some MIPs such as the Legionella pneumophila protein (LpMIP) have additional appendage domains of mostly unknown function. In full-length, homodimeric LpMIP, the N-terminal dimerization domain is linked to the FKBP-like domain via a long, free-standing stalk helix. Combining X-ray crystallography, NMR and EPR spectroscopy and SAXS, we elucidated the importance of the stalk helix for protein dynamics and inhibitor binding to the FKBP-like domain and bidirectional crosstalk between the different protein regions. The first comparison of a microbial MIP and a human FKBP in complex with the same synthetic inhibitor was made possible by high-resolution structures of LpMIP with a [4.3.1]-aza-bicyclic sulfonamide and provides a basis for designing pathogen-selective inhibitors. Through stereospecific methylation, the affinity of inhibitors to L. pneumophila and T. cruzi MIP was greatly improved. The resulting X-ray inhibitor-complex structures of LpMIP and TcMIP at 1.49 and 1.34 Å, respectively, provide a starting point for developing potent inhibitors against MIPs from multiple pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wiedemann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J J Whittaker
- Groningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - V H Pérez Carrillo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - B Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - M Dajka
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - F Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J-M Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P R Krajczy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Joseph
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - F Hausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Guskov
- Groningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - U A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Leseigneur C, Buchrieser C. Modelling Legionnaires' disease: Lessons learned from invertebrate and vertebrate animal models. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151369. [PMID: 37926040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of virulence of Legionella pneumophila and its interactions with its hosts has been predominantly conducted in cellulo in the past decades. Although easy to implement and allowing the dissection of molecular pathways underlying host-pathogen interactions, these cellular models fail to provide conditions of the complex environments encountered by the bacteria during the infection of multicellular organisms. To improve our understanding of human infection, several animal models have been developed. This review provides an overview of the invertebrate and vertebrate models that have been established to study L. pneumophila infection and that are alternatives to the classical mouse model, which does not recall human infection with L. pneumophila well. Finally we provide insight in the main contributions made by these models along with their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France.
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3
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Deutscher RCE, Safa Karagöz M, Purder PL, Kolos JM, Meyners C, Oki Sugiarto W, Krajczy P, Tebbe F, Geiger TM, Ünal C, Hellmich UA, Steinert M, Hausch F. [4.3.1]Bicyclic FKBP Ligands Inhibit Legionella Pneumophila Infection by LpMip-Dependent and LpMip-Independent Mechanisms. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300442. [PMID: 37489700 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a serious form of pneumonia. Its macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip), a member of a highly conserved family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), plays a major role in the proliferation of the gram-negative bacterium in host organisms. In this work, we test our library of >1000 FKBP-focused ligands for inhibition of LpMip. The [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamide turned out as a highly preferred scaffold and provided the most potent LpMip inhibitors known so far. Selected compounds were non-toxic to human cells, displayed antibacterial activity and block bacterial proliferation in cellular infection-assays as well as infectivity in human lung tissue explants. The results confirm [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamides as anti-legionellal agents, although their anti-infective properties cannot be explained by inhibition of LpMip alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C E Deutscher
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Kolos
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patryk Krajczy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas M Geiger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Can Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankurt/Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Scheithauer L, Karagöz MS, Mayer BE, Steinert M. Protein sociology of ProA, Mip and other secreted virulence factors at the Legionella pneumophila surface. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140688. [PMID: 36936764 PMCID: PMC10017501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of L. pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, depends on an arsenal of interacting proteins. Here we describe how surface-associated and secreted virulence factors of this pathogen interact with each other or target extra- and intracellular host proteins resulting in host cell manipulation and tissue colonization. Since progress of computational methods like AlphaFold, molecular dynamics simulation, and docking allows to predict, analyze and evaluate experimental proteomic and interactomic data, we describe how the combination of these approaches generated new insights into the multifaceted "protein sociology" of the zinc metalloprotease ProA and the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Mip (macrophage infectivity potentiator). Both virulence factors of L. pneumophila interact with numerous proteins including bacterial flagellin (FlaA) and host collagen, and play important roles in virulence regulation, host tissue degradation and immune evasion. The recent progress in protein-ligand analyses of virulence factors suggests that machine learning will also have a beneficial impact in early stages of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Scheithauer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benjamin E. Mayer
- Computational Biology & Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Steinert,
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5
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Legionella pneumophila PPIase Mip Interacts with the Bacterial Proteins SspB, Lpc2061, and FlaA and Promotes Flagellation. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0027622. [PMID: 36314784 PMCID: PMC9670971 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00276-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl-
cis/trans
-isomerase (PPIase) macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) contributes to the pathogenicity and fitness of
L. pneumophila
, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. Here, we identified the stringent starvation protein SspB, hypothetical protein Lpc2061, and flagellin FlaA as bacterial interaction partners of Mip.
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6
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Lopez JM, Antiparra R, Lippens G, Zimic M, Sheen P, Maruenda H. Backbone chemical shift assignment of macrophage infectivity potentiator virulence factor of Trypanosoma cruzi. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2019; 13:21-25. [PMID: 30229449 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a trypanosomiasis disease inflicted by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. In Latin America, at least 10 million people are infected and annually, 10,000 casualties are deplored. Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein is one of the major virulence factors secreted by T. cruzi (TcMIP) in order to infect its host but little is known about its mechanism of action. Studies confer TcMIP an important role in the extracellular matrix transmigration and basal lamina penetration. Here, we report the backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignment of TcMIP and the comparison of the secondary structure obtained against reported X-ray crystallography data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Lopez
- Centro de Espectroscopia de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (CERMN), Departamento de Ciencias - Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
| | - Ricardo Antiparra
- Centro de Espectroscopia de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (CERMN), Departamento de Ciencias - Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Guy Lippens
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Helena Maruenda
- Centro de Espectroscopia de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (CERMN), Departamento de Ciencias - Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
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7
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Peptidyl-Prolyl- cis/ trans-Isomerases Mip and PpiB of Legionella pneumophila Contribute to Surface Translocation, Growth at Suboptimal Temperature, and Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00939-17. [PMID: 30323027 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00939-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gammaproteobacterium Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, an atypical pneumonia that manifests itself with severe lung damage. L. pneumophila, a common inhabitant of freshwater environments, replicates in free-living amoebae and persists in biofilms in natural and man-made water systems. Its environmental versatility is reflected in its ability to survive and grow within a broad temperature range as well as its capability to colonize and infect a wide range of hosts, including protozoa and humans. Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases) are multifunctional proteins that are mainly involved in protein folding and secretion in bacteria. In L. pneumophila the surface-associated PPIase Mip was shown to facilitate the establishment of the intracellular infection cycle in its early stages. The cytoplasmic PpiB was shown to promote cold tolerance. Here, we set out to analyze the interrelationship of these two relevant PPIases in the context of environmental fitness and infection. We demonstrate that the PPIases Mip and PpiB are important for surfactant-dependent sliding motility and adaptation to suboptimal temperatures, features that contribute to the environmental fitness of L. pneumophila Furthermore, they contribute to infection of the natural host Acanthamoeba castellanii as well as human macrophages and human explanted lung tissue. These effects were additive in the case of sliding motility or synergistic in the case of temperature tolerance and infection, as assessed by the behavior of the double mutant. Accordingly, we propose that Mip and PpiB are virulence modulators of L. pneumophila with compensatory action and pleiotropic effects.
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8
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Parkin JD, San Antonio JD, Persikov AV, Dagher H, Dalgleish R, Jensen ST, Jeunemaitre X, Savige J. The collαgen III fibril has a "flexi-rod" structure of flexible sequences interspersed with rigid bioactive domains including two with hemostatic roles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175582. [PMID: 28704418 PMCID: PMC5509119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and in hemostasis. Examination of the human collagen III interactome reveals a nearly identical structural arrangement and charge distribution pattern as for collagen I, with cell interaction domains, fibrillogenesis and enzyme cleavage domains, several major ligand-binding regions, and intermolecular crosslink sites at the same sites. These similarities allow heterotypic fibril formation with, and substitution by, collagen I in embryonic development and wound healing. The collagen III fibril assumes a "flexi-rod" structure with flexible zones interspersed with rod-like domains, which is consistent with the molecule's prominence in young, pliable tissues and distensible organs. Collagen III has two major hemostasis domains, with binding motifs for von Willebrand factor, α2β1 integrin, platelet binding octapeptide and glycoprotein VI, consistent with the bleeding tendency observed with COL3A1 disease-causing sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Des Parkin
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D. San Antonio
- Operations, Stryker Global Quality and Operations, Malvern, PA, United States of America
| | - Anton V. Persikov
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hayat Dagher
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond Dalgleish
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shane T. Jensen
- Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cite, Paris, France
| | - Judy Savige
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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9
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He J, Huang F, Chen H, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li J, Chen D, Chen J. Recombinant Mip-PilE-FlaA dominant epitopes vaccine candidate against Legionella pneumophila. Immunol Lett 2017; 186:33-40. [PMID: 28366526 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the main causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, which is a severe multi-system disease with pneumonia as the primary manifestation. We designed a recombinant Mip-PilE-FlaA dominant epitopes vaccine against Legionella pneumophila to prevent the disease and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective immunity. The protein structures of Mip, PilE and FlaA were analyzed using a computer, and the gene sequences of the dominant epitopes of the three proteins were selected to construct and optimize the vaccine. The optimized mip, pilE, flaA and recombinant mip-pilE-flaA gene sequences were cloned, expressed and purified. The purified proteins were used as dominant epitopes vaccines to immunize BALB/c mice and determine the protective immunity and immunogenicity of these purified proteins. The identification confirmed that the recombinant mip-pilE-flaA was successfully cloned and expressed. ELISA revealed that the Mip-PilE-FlaA group produced the highest IgG response, and this protein may considerably improve the production of some cytokines in BALB/c mice. Histopathology analyses of lungs from mice immunized with Mip-PilE-FlaA revealed a certain protective effect. Our work demonstrated that the recombinant dominant epitopes of Mip-PilE-FlaA exhibited strong immunogenicity and immune protection, and this protein may be an efficient epitopes vaccine candidate against Legionella pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei He
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Huang
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Rasch J, Krüger S, Fontvieille D, Ünal CM, Michel R, Labrosse A, Steinert M. Legionella-protozoa-nematode interactions in aquatic biofilms and influence of Mip on Caenorhabditis elegans colonization. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:443-51. [PMID: 27288243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaireś disease, is naturally found in aquatic habitats. The intracellular life cycle within protozoa pre-adapted the "accidental" human pathogen to also infect human professional phagocytes like alveolar macrophages. Previous studies employing the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that also nematodes might serve as a natural host for L. pneumophila. Here, we report for the first time from a natural co-habitation of L. pneumophila and environmental nematode species within biofilms of a warm water spring. In addition, we identified the protozoan species Oxytricha bifaria, Stylonychia mytilus, Ciliophrya sp. which have never been described as potential interaction partners of L. pneumophila before. Modeling and dissection of the Legionella-protozoa-nematode interaction revealed that C. elegans ruptures Legionella-infected amoebal cells and by this means incorporate the pathogen. Further infection studies revealed that the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein of L. pneumophila, which is known to bind collagen IV during human lung infection, promotes the colonization of the intestinal tract of L4 larvae of C. elegans and negatively influences the life span of the worms. The Mip-negative L. pneumophila mutant exhibited a 32-fold reduced colonization rate of the nematodes after 48h when compared to the wild-type strain. Taken together, these studies suggest that nematodes may serve as natural hosts for L. pneumophila, promote their persistence and dissemination in the environment, and co-evolutionarily pre-adapt the pathogen for interactions with extracellular constituents of human lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Rasch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krüger
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Can M Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Michel
- Central Institute of the Federal Armed Forces Medical Services, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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11
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He J, Zhang J, He Y, Huang F, Li J, Chen Q, Chen D, Chen J. Construction of recombinant Mip-FlaA dominant epitope vaccine against Legionella pneumophila and evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective immunity. Immunol Res 2015; 64:272-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Humbert MV, Almonacid Mendoza HL, Jackson AC, Hung MC, Bielecka MK, Heckels JE, Christodoulides M. Vaccine potential of bacterial macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP)-like peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) proteins. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1633-49. [PMID: 26468663 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1095638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a superfamily of proteins ubiquitously distributed among living organisms, which function primarily to assist the folding and structuring of unfolded and partially folded polypeptide chains and proteins. In this review, we focus specifically on the Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (MIP)-like PPIases, which are members of the immunophilin family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBP). MIP-like PPIases have accessory roles in virulence and are candidates for inclusion in vaccines protective against both animal and human bacterial pathogens. A structural vaccinology approach obviates any issues over molecular mimicry and potential cross-reactivity with human FKBP proteins and studies with a representative antigen, the Neisseria meningitidis-MIP, support this strategy. Moreover, a dual approach of vaccination and drug targeting could be considered for controlling bacterial infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Humbert
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Hannia L Almonacid Mendoza
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Alexandra C Jackson
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Miao-Chiu Hung
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Magdalena K Bielecka
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - John E Heckels
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
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13
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Microbial peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases): virulence factors and potential alternative drug targets. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:544-71. [PMID: 25184565 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00015-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered in the context of immunomodulation, peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) were soon identified as enzymes catalyzing the rate-limiting protein folding step at peptidyl bonds preceding proline residues. Intense searches revealed that PPIases are a superfamily of proteins consisting of three structurally distinguishable families with representatives in every described species of prokaryote and eukaryote and, recently, even in some giant viruses. Despite the clear-cut enzymatic activity and ubiquitous distribution of PPIases, reports on solely PPIase-dependent biological roles remain scarce. Nevertheless, they have been found to be involved in a plethora of biological processes, such as gene expression, signal transduction, protein secretion, development, and tissue regeneration, underscoring their general importance. Hence, it is not surprising that PPIases have also been identified as virulence-associated proteins. The extent of contribution to virulence is highly variable and dependent on the pleiotropic roles of a single PPIase in the respective pathogen. The main objective of this review is to discuss this variety in virulence-related bacterial and protozoan PPIases as well as the involvement of host PPIases in infectious processes. Moreover, a special focus is given to Legionella pneumophila macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) and Mip-like PPIases of other pathogens, as the best-characterized virulence-related representatives of this family. Finally, the potential of PPIases as alternative drug targets and first tangible results are highlighted.
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Rasch J, Theuerkorn M, Ünal C, Heinsohn N, Tran S, Fischer G, Weiwad M, Steinert M. Novel Cycloheximide Derivatives Targeting the Moonlighting Protein Mip Exhibit Specific Antimicrobial Activity Against Legionella pneumophila. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:41. [PMID: 25870856 PMCID: PMC4376002 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) and Mip-like proteins are virulence factors in a wide range of pathogens including Legionella pneumophila. These proteins belong to the FK506 binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases). In L. pneumophila, the PPIase activity of Mip is required for invasion of macrophages, transmigration through an in vitro lung–epithelial barrier, and full virulence in the guinea pig infection model. Additionally, Mip is a moonlighting protein that binds to collagen IV in the extracellular matrix. Here, we describe the development and synthesis of cycloheximide derivatives with adamantyl moieties as novel FKBP ligands, and analyze their effect on the viability of L. pneumophila and other bacteria. All compounds efficiently inhibited PPIase activity of the prototypic human FKBP12 as well as Mip with IC50-values as low as 180 nM and 1.7 μM, respectively. Five of these derivatives inhibited the growth of L. pneumophila at concentrations of 30–40 μM, but exhibited no effect on other tested bacterial species indicating a specific spectrum of antibacterial activity. The derivatives carrying a 3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-[yl]acetamide substitution (MT_30.32), and a 3-ethyladamantan-1-[yl]acetamide substitution (MT_30.51) had the strongest effects in PPIase- and liquid growth assays. MT_30.32 and MT_30.51 were also inhibitory in macrophage infection studies without being cytotoxic. Accordingly, by applying a combinatorial approach, we were able to generate novel, hybrid inhibitors consisting of cycloheximide and adamantane, two known FKBP inhibitors that interact with different parts of the PPIase domain, respectively. Interestingly, despite the proven Mip-inhibitory activity, the viability of a Mip-deficient strain was affected to the same degree as its wild type. Hence, we also propose that cycloheximide derivatives with adamantyl moieties are potent PPIase inhibitors with multiple targets in L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Rasch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Martin Theuerkorn
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen BO Halle , Halle , Germany
| | - Can Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany ; Türk-Alman Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Natascha Heinsohn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stefan Tran
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen BO Halle , Halle , Germany ; Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Weiwad
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen BO Halle , Halle , Germany ; Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany ; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
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Ünal CM, Steinert M. FKBPs in bacterial infections. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:2096-102. [PMID: 25529296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) contain a domain with peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity and bind the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin. FKBPs belong to the immunophilin family and are found in eukaryotes and bacteria. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we describe two major groups of bacterial virulence-associated FKBPs, the trigger factor and Mip-like PPIases. Moreover, we discuss the contribution of host FKBPs in bacterial infection processes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Since PPIases are regarded as alternative antiinfective drug targets we highlight current research strategies utilizing pipecolinic acid and cycloheximide derivatives as well as substrate based inhibitors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The current research strategies suggest a beneficial synergism of drug development and basic research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can M Ünal
- Türk-Alman Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Peptidylprolyl cis–trans isomerases of Legionella pneumophila: virulence, moonlighting and novel therapeutic targets. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:1728-33. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila, typically a parasite of free-living protozoa, can also replicate in human alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells causing Legionnaires’ disease in humans, a severe atypical pneumonia. The pathogen encodes six peptidylprolyl cis–trans isomerases (PPIases), which generally accelerate folding of prolyl peptide bonds, and influence protein folding. PPIases can be divided into three classes, cyclophilins, parvulins and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). They contribute to a multitude of cellular functions including bacterial virulence. In the present review, we provide an overview of L. pneumophila PPIases, discussing their known and anticipated functions as well as moonlighting phenomena. By taking the example of the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) of L. pneumophila, we highlight the potential of PPIases as promising drug targets.
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Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Araki N, Migiyama Y, Nagaoka K, Harada Y, Yamada K, Hasegawa H, Nishino T, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Kohno S, Kamihira S. LiveLegionella pneumophilainduces MUC5AC production by airway epithelial cells independently of intracellular invasion. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:151-7. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuko Araki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Migiyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Harada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shimeru Kamihira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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