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Linn-Pearl R. Optimising treatment approaches for feline corneal sequestra to improve long-term clinical outcomes. Vet Rec 2023; 193:107-110. [PMID: 37539875 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
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Gómez AP, Mazzucchelli S, Smith K, de Lacerda RP. Long-term treatment outcomes and risk factors for recurrence in feline corneal sequestrum: 72 cases (2009-2017). Vet Rec 2023; 193:e2783. [PMID: 36912180 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate long-term treatment outcomes in feline corneal sequestrum (FCS), compare the recurrence rates between different surgical techniques, identify possible recurrence risk factors and monitor the development of FCS in the contralateral eye. METHODS The medical records of 72 cats (79 eyes) with FCS treated between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS The most commonly affected breeds were Persian, domestic shorthaired and Burmesecats. The mean age was 6.9 years. Sixty-five cats (90%) were affected unilaterally. Sixty-six eyes (83%) underwent surgery: keratectomy in 34 eyes (52%) and keratectomy followed by a graft procedure in 32 eyes (48%). Recurrence occurred in 13 out of 66 eyes (19%) at a median of 245 days after surgery. Skull conformation, location of the FCS, type of surgical procedure and concurrent ocular surgery did not significantly affect the recurrence rate. Eighteen cats (27%) developed FCS in the contralateral eye at a median of 635 days after surgery. LIMITATIONS Limitations are related to the retrospective nature of the study, the use of telephone follow-up for assessment of recurrence in some cats and the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS Surgical excision had a successful outcome in most cases. The type of surgical procedure and skull conformation did not affect the recurrence rate. One-quarter of the cats developed FCS in the contralateral eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kinley Smith
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull, UK
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Labelle A, Labelle P. Diagnosing Corneal Pigmentation in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:339-352. [PMID: 36813389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea is critical to its role in transmitting light. Loss of corneal transparency results in visual impairment. Corneal pigmentation results from melanin accumulation in the epithelial cells of the cornea. Differential diagnosis for corneal pigmentation include corneal sequestrum, corneal foreign body, limbal melanocytoma, iris prolapse, and dermoid. These conditions must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of corneal pigmentation. A myriad of ocular surface conditions are associated with corneal pigmentation, including qualitative and quantitative tear film deficiency, adnexal disease, corneal ulceration, and breed-related corneal pigmentation syndromes. Accurate etiologic diagnosis is critical to determining effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Labelle
- Practice Owner, Bright Light Veterinary Eye Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Philippe Labelle
- Antech Diagnostics, 7555 Danbro Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6P9, Canada
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Genetic Aspects of Corneal Sequestra in a Population of Persian, Himalayan and Exotic Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12152008. [PMID: 35953997 PMCID: PMC9367464 DOI: 10.3390/ani12152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corneal sequestrum is a common eye disease in Persian, Himalayan and exotic cats. It is a brown stain on the cornea that can be painful and often requires surgery for full recovery. The cause of this disease is unknown. One hypothesis is that genetic factors influence the disease, but there are no data to support this in the scientific literature. In this study, the influence of genetics on this disease was investigated on the basis of clinical and pedigree data from a cattery. Kittens of some dams in this cattery turned out to have a higher risk of corneal sequestra than kittens of other dams, indicating that genetics indeed play a role. The disease also has a high heritability, which implies that by selecting the right breeding animals, breeders can reduce the risk of corneal sequestra in the offspring. DNA analysis of some of the cats from the cattery could not link the disease to a specific region in the DNA, so it is possible that many different genes in different DNA regions are involved in the development of corneal sequestra. Abstract Corneal sequestra are ophthalmic lesions that are remarkably common in Persian, Himalayan and exotic cats. In this study, the genetic aspects of this disease were investigated in a population of cats originating from a single cattery. Odds ratios were calculated for parents with affected offspring. The heritability of (owner-reported) corneal sequestra was estimated with a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. Well-phenotyped cases and controls were used for a genome-wide association study. Data from 692 cats originating from the cattery, of which 61 were affected, were used. Cats from two specific mothers had significantly higher odds of developing corneal sequestra, but no significant effect of the fathers was found (after correction for the mothers). The heritability of corneal sequestra was estimated to be 0.96. A genome-wide association study with 14 cases and 10 controls did not reveal an associated chromosomal region. The large effect that genetic factors had on the development of corneal sequestra in this study suggests that selective breeding could be an effective way to reduce the prevalence of this condition in these cat breeds.
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Sarfaty H, Ezra-Elia R, Sebbag L. Prevalence and characteristics of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats: A retrospective assessment (2012-2021) and comparison with non-Sphynx cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:367-375. [PMID: 35598106 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats, and compare disease characteristics with other feline breeds. METHODS Medical records of Sphynx cats presented to an ophthalmology referral center between 1/2012 and 4/2021 were examined. Cats of other breeds examined during the same period served as controls. RESULTS One hundred ten Sphynx cats were examined during the study period, diagnosed with corneal sequestrum (n = 42 cats), lower eyelid entropion (n = 25), presumed herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (n = 19), conjunctivitis (n = 7), corneal ulcers (n = 6), nasolacrimal duct atresia/obstruction (n = 6), corneal dystrophy (n = 3), eosinophilic keratitis (n = 2), uveitis (n = 2), non-ulcerative keratitis (n = 1), and cataract (n = 1). Corneal sequestrum was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non-Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 8.0, 95% CI = 5.3-12.2, p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (2.0 ± 1.5 years vs. 5.9 ± 4.0 years, p < .001). Corneal sequestrum recurrence was noted in 19.4% Sphynx eyes and 6.4% non-Sphynx eyes undergoing surgery (p = .015). Lower eyelid entropion-most often bilateral (80%)-was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non-Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.3-7.1, p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (0.9 ± 1.4 years vs. 3.5 ± 3.3 years, p < .005). CONCLUSIONS Corneal sequestrum and entropion were overrepresented and diagnosed at an earlier age in Sphynx cats when compared with the general feline population. Given the high prevalence, early age of onset, and relatively high recurrence of corneal sequestrum in Sphynx cats, further studies are warranted to better understand etiopathogenesis and preferred therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lionel Sebbag
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Michel J, Vigan M, Douet JY. Autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: A retrospective study of 35 eyes (2012-2020). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:491-502. [PMID: 34480401 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS). PROCEDURE The medical records of cats diagnosed with FCS that underwent autologous lamellar keratoplasty between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 2 months of follow-up were reviewed. After keratectomy of FCS, a button adjacent to the corneal limbus was harvested on the same eye and sutured to the recipient bed. A nictitating membrane flap was left in place until the first recheck except for one patient. Postoperative treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications was prescribed. Follow-up examinations were carried out 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months post-operatively and consisted of a complete ophthalmic examination. RESULTS A total of 35 cats (35 eyes) were included. The median follow-up time was 3.2 months (range, 2-59 months). Brachycephalic cats were overrepresented (85.7%). The mean graft size was 6.5 mm (range, 6-9 mm). Minor complications consisting of melting and partial integration of the graft occurred in 2/35 eyes (5.7%). Recurrence was observed in 1/35 eyes (2.9%) and was managed by a superficial keratectomy. A good visual outcome was achieved in all eyes, and a faint or mild corneal opacification occurred in 15/35 (42.9%). CONCLUSIONS Autologous lamellar keratoplasty is an effective treatment for FCS, providing good tectonic support to the affected cornea and resulting in good visual and cosmetic outcomes. These results should be verified in future prospective studies that include a larger number of cases and longer-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Michel
- Clinique Vétérinaire VPLUS, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
| | - Marie Vigan
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Yves Douet
- Small Animal Clinic, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,IHAP, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Goldreich JE, Franklin-Guild RJ, Ledbetter EC. Feline bacterial keratitis: Clinical features, bacterial isolates, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:90-96. [PMID: 31291056 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical characteristics, bacterial isolates, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for cats with bacterial keratitis. ANIMALS STUDIED Eighty one cats with bacterial keratitis. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial keratitis, confirmed by corneal culture, were reviewed from June 2004 to July 2017. Animal signalment, bacterial isolates, aerobic bacteria in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results, and pertinent clinical features were recorded. Percentages of susceptible aerobic bacterial isolates were statistically compared among selected antimicrobials. RESULTS There were 102 aerobic bacterial isolates recovered from corneal samples of the 81 cats presented with bacterial keratitis. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus species, which constituted 55% (56/102) of total isolates. All aerobic bacterial isolates grouped together had the highest percentage of susceptibility to ofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin (94%), chloramphenicol (93%), doxycycline (92%), ticarcillin (90%), gentamicin (89%), moxifloxacin (89%), tobramycin (86%), neomycin (85%), amikacin (84%), and cefazolin (84%). The same isolates had the lowest percentage of susceptibility to polymyxin B (2%), bacitracin (15%), and clindamycin (31%). When analyzed separately, the isolated Staphylococcus species had the highest percentage of susceptibility to ofloxacin (100%), tobramycin (93%), and neomycin (85%) and the lowest percentage of susceptibility to polymyxin B (3%) and bacitracin (13%). CONCLUSIONS Members of the Staphylococcus genus were the most frequent bacteria isolated from cases of feline bacterial keratitis. On the basis of in vitro susceptibility testing and mechanism of action, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, gentamicin, or moxifloxacin are recommended for initial antimicrobial therapy of suspected bacterial keratitis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Goldreich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Strong TD, Tangeman S, Ben-Shlomo G, Haynes J, Allbaugh RA. Corneal fibrosarcoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 19 Suppl 1:131-135. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Strong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1600 S. 16th St Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Sarah Tangeman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1600 S. 16th St Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Gil Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1600 S. 16th St Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Joseph Haynes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1600 S. 16th St Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1600 S. 16th St Ames IA 50011 USA
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Chow DW, Westermeyer HD. Retrospective evaluation of corneal reconstruction using ACell Vet™alone in dogs and cats: 82 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:357-66. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek W.Y. Chow
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Hong Kong; 1/F & 2/F 165 Wanchai Road Wan Chai, Hong Kong Island Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hans D. Westermeyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
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Laguna F, Leiva M, Costa D, Lacerda R, Peña Gimenez T. Corneal grafting for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: a retrospective study of 18 eyes (13 cats). Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:291-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Laguna
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Marta Leiva
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de; Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Costa
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lacerda
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Teresa Peña Gimenez
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de; Barcelona Spain
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Newkirk KM, Hendrix DVH, Keller RL. Porphyrins are not present in feline ocular tissues or corneal sequestra. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14 Suppl 1:2-4. [PMID: 21923817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if feline lacrimal glands, glands of the third eyelid, corneas, and corneal sequestra contain porphyrins, which could be responsible for the brown/amber discoloration of corneal sequestra and tears in affected cats. PROCEDURES Samples of grossly normal cornea, lacrimal gland, gland of the third eyelid, and sequestra obtained via keratectomy were collected. Porphyrin concentrations of the homogenate were determined by spectrofluorometry with protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin III dihydrochloride used as standards. A hamster harderian gland was used as a positive control. RESULTS Normal tissues were harvested from one eye each of 14 nonclient owned, adult, mixed-breed, short-hair cats euthanized for reasons not associated with this study. Eighteen sequestra were acquired from cats undergoing unilateral lamellar keratectomies. Breeds of the affected cats included eight Himalayan, five domestic shorthair, and one each of four other breeds. Only the positive control and standards contained levels of porphyrins above background. All feline samples examined were histologically normal with no evidence of porphyrins. CONCLUSIONS Porphyrins are absent in normal feline lacrimal glands, corneas, and corneal sequestra. Porphyrins do not appear to be the cause of the brown/amber color of feline corneal sequestra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Newkirk
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Abstract
OVERVIEW Feline ulcerative keratitis is a common presenting complaint and is frequently a sequela of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection; so much so, in fact, that it is fair to assume an FHV-1 aetiology until proven otherwise. Other potential causes of ulceration are trauma or underlying eyelid abnormalities (entropion, ectropion, agenesis, dermoids, neoplasia), lash abnormalities (ectopic cilia, trichiasis), tear film abnormalities or neurological deficiencies (trigeminal nerve paralysis, facial nerve paralysis). CLINICAL CHALLENGES The management of corneal ulceration in cats is frequently challenging, and treatment needs to be tailored carefully to the individual cat, its temperament, and the disease process present. EVIDENCE BASE The scientific literature on feline ulcerative keratitis is extensive, particularly that related to FHV-1 infection. The aim of this article is to review the aetiology and diagnosis of corneal ulceration in cats with particular reference to the evidence base available. PATIENT GROUP All age groups and breeds can suffer with ulcerative keratitis. Breed predispositions are present for some forms of corneal ulceration, and these are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hartley
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
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Townsend WM, Rankin AJ, Stiles J, Krohne SG. Heterologous penetrating keratoplasty for treatment of a corneal sequestrum in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2008; 11:273-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the ultrastructural features of corneal sequestra in cats; and (2) to enhance our understanding regarding the pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestration. METHODS Nine corneal sequestra were harvested via keratectomy from globes of nine cats. The sequestra were routinely fixed then postfixed for high resolution light and transmission electron microscopy (HR-LM and TEM, respectively). The tissues were embedded in Epon/Araldite. Sections of 0.5-microm thickness were cut and stained with 1% toluidine blue in 1% sodium tetraborate solution for HR-LM. Ultrathin sections were collected on copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and Sato's lead stain for TEM. Ultrathin sections were examined and the images were captured on an Advantage HR CCD camera using a Hitachi 7500 electron microscope operated at 80 kV. Two healthy corneas from two cats were harvested immediately following euthanasia. These corneal tissues (control samples) were processed in the same manner as the corneal sequestra for HR-LM and TEM. A portion of each sequestrum was also submitted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for infectious agents including feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma spp. RESULTS Ultrastructure of healthy corneal tissues revealed basal corneal epithelial cells aligned adjacent to a thin acellular layer similar to Bowman's layer with underlying tightly packed, regularly arranged, collagen fibrils oriented in different planes. Keratocytes were elongated and had long and irregularly shaped nuclei, and cytoplasm contained rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant membrane-bound vesicles. In contrast, corneal sequestra contained varying amounts of an amorphous, electron-dense substance, continuous with intact basal epithelial basement membranes peripherally, and overlying corneal ulceration and loosely packed collagen fibrils. Remnants of necrotic keratocytes were seen in spaces between disarranged collagen layers. In all samples, occasional keratocytes exhibited morphology indicative of apoptosis including clumping and margination of chromatin, and shrunken cytoplasm. Varying degrees of inflammation were noted on HR-LM and TEM of affected corneas including peri- and intralesional neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Corneal sequestra were FHV-1-positive (n = 3), FHV-1- and T. gondii-positive (n = 1), T. gondii-positive (n = 3), or negative for DNA of these infectious agents (n = 2) using PCR. All corneal sequestra were negative for DNA of Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma spp. using PCR. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestration independent of the presence of DNA of these infectious organisms. Prospective clinical studies are warranted to further understand the significance of T. gondii in relation to feline corneal sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Cullen
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Abstract
Congenital and inherited ocular diseases are reported less frequently in the cat than the dog. The 2 species also differ in their array of disorders, with familiar canine abnormalities like cataracts overshadowed by unique feline diseases such as eyelid agenesis and corneal sequestration. Organized according to the primary ocular structure affected and commingling congenital and inherited disorders in each section, the review begins with multiple ocular anomalies and their impact on globe-orbit relationship. Adnexal disorders include eyelid agenesis, entropion, dermoid, and nictitans gland protrusion. Corneal abnormalities range from the routine sequestrum and PPM-related opacity to those rare infiltrates accompanying inborn errors of metabolism. Brief descriptions of uveal anomalies, primary glaucoma, cataracts, and lens luxations follow. Retinal dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy complete the summary. Suspicions of heritability are often based on small numbers of animals in sporadic reports of ocular disease, but the Persian, Burmese, and Siamese are among the breeds repeatedly linked with one or more of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Glaze
- Gulf Coast Animal Eye Clinic, 1551 Campbell Road, Suite V, Houston, TX 77055, USA.
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Abstract
The cornea is naturally transparent. Anything that interferes with the cornea's stromal architecture, contributes to blood vessel migration, increases corneal pigmentation, or predisposes to corneal edema, disrupts the corneas transparency and indicates corneal disease. The color, location, and shape and pattern of a corneal lesion can help in determining the underlying cause for the disease. Corneal disease is typically divided into congenital or acquired disorders. Congenital disorders, such as corneal dermoids are rare in cats, whereas acquired corneal disease associated with nonulcerative or ulcerative keratitis is common. Primary ocular disease, such as tear film instability, adenexal disease (medial canthal entropion, lagophthalmus, eyelid agenesis), and herpes keratitis are associated with the majority of acquired corneal disease in cats. Proliferative/eosinophilic keratitis, acute bullous keratopathy, and Florida keratopathy are common feline nonulcerative disorders. Nonprogressive ulcerative disease in cats, such as chronic corneal epithelial defects and corneal sequestration are more common than progressive corneal ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Anthony Moore
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Abstract
Feline corneal sequestrum is a common condition of the feline cornea. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of the clinical features of the condition including the response to different management options and to assess the rate of recurrence. The medical records of 64 cases (80 eyes) of feline corneal sequestra that presented to the Animal Health Trust from 1993 to 2000 were reviewed. Fifty-two cases were reviewed retrospectively; 12 cases were assessed prospectively between April and September 2000 as part of a separate study. The Persian was the most frequently encountered breed and the mean age of affected cats was 5.6 years. At initial presentation, sequestra were unilateral in 58 cats and bilateral in 6 cats, 5 of which were Persians. Ocular discomfort and ocular discharge were common presenting signs, occurring in 42 and 36 eyes, respectively. Seventy-four eyes were managed surgically with keratectomy only (n = 44) or keratectomy followed by a graft procedure (n = 30). Sequestra recurred in 16 eyes in the study. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence between eyes that received a graft procedure (n = 5) and eyes that did not (n = 11) (P = 0.56). Complications following transection of conjunctival pedicle grafts were observed. Brown to black discoloration of noncorneal tissue and therapeutic biomaterials was observed, including discoloration of both viable and apparently nonviable grafted conjunctival tissue, small intestinal submucosa graft material and bandage contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Featherstone
- Davies White Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion SG3 5HR, UK.
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