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Santana JA, Zanon IP, Sarsur Ribeirode Freitas RJ, Viegas FM, de Campos BH, Bicalho GC, de Almeida LR, Hemetrio NS, Nogueira de Carvalho MP, Silveira Silva RO. DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM FREE-LIVING SOUTH AMERICAN COATI ( NASUA NASUA) IN AN URBAN PARK IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:578-583. [PMID: 37817624 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific information regarding staphylococci in procyonids is scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, distribution, and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococcal species isolated from free-roaming coatis (Nasua nasua) in an urban park in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rectal swabs from 55 free-living coatis were plated onto mannitol salt agar for isolating staphylococci, and species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nuc, and sequencing of 16S rRNA and rpoB when needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated using the disk diffusion method, and the presence of the mecA gene was investigated by PCR. A total of 72.7% of the animals tested positive for staphylococci. Nine different species were identified, and Staphylococcus intermedius (60.4%) and S. delphini (20.9%) were the most frequently isolated species. Most of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials evaluated, with a resistance pattern seen for penicillin (13.9%). One isolate was multidrug-resistant (MDR). The present study suggests that coatis are natural hosts of S. intermedius and S. delphini and, despite living in a heavily anthropized environment, the Staphylococcus spp. isolates showed a low incidence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Almeida Santana
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pádua Zanon
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Mello Viegas
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hermine de Campos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Canesso Bicalho
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara Ribeiro de Almeida
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nadja Simbera Hemetrio
- Municipal Parks and Zoobotanic Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG 31365-450, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil,
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Aftab G, Arfaee F, Asghari A, Zahraei Salehi T. The evaluation of normal ocular parameters in two breeds of hedgehogs. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:738-743. [PMID: 36791281 PMCID: PMC10029899 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival microflora and measure normal tear production and intraocular pressure (IOP) in two breeds of hedgehogs (long-eared hedgehogs and Brandt's hedgehogs). METHODS Forty-eight hedgehogs from two different breeds were chosen for the study. Tear production was measured using the Schirmer tear test (STT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT) in both eyes. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer. To perform microbiological sampling one drop of tetracaine was instilled in the eyes. Two sterile microswabs were used to collect samples for the microbial and fungal culture. All the microswab samples were transferred in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to the laboratory for culture. Two MacConkey and two blood agar media plates were employed for each eye. Oneplate of sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was used for the fungal culture for each eye. Standard biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms. RESULTS The mean STT and PRTT values were 1.6 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.4 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in long-eared hedgehogs and 2.2 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.5 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in Brandt's hedgehogs, respectively. Mean (SD) Intraocular pressure of right eyes in long-eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog were 19.7 ± 1.4 mmHg and 19.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, respectively. In the left eyes of long-eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog mean (SD) IOP were 19.8 ± 1.5 mmHg and 19.5 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. In long-eared hedgehogs, the most common bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus spp. In Brandt's hedgehogs, 24 out of 48 eyes had Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was the most commonly isolated bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This study established reference intervals for IOP, STT and PRTT in hedgehogs and recognised and compared ocular conjunctival microflora in two breeds of hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aftab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Arfaee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Carvalho CM, Rodarte-Almeida ACV, Moore BA, Borges BP, Machado MTS, Galera PD. Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring-tailed coatis (nasua nasua). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:210-217. [PMID: 33547755 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe ocular anatomical features and to determine tear production and tonometry in normal anesthetized ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua). ANIMALS Eight male and seven female ring-tailed coatis (30 eyes) were evaluated, with ages ranging from 7 months to 10 years old. PROCEDURES The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and had STT 1, rebound and applanation tonometry, and palpebral fissure length (PFL) measured in both eyes. Rebound tonometry was measured with both TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus®. All eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Following pharmacological mydriasis, direct fundoscopy was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis. RESULTS There were upper and lower eyelids, as well as a third eyelid. Eyelashes were present on the upper eyelid, while meibomian glands openings were visible on both. The bulbar conjunctiva was pigmented. The pupil was obliquely horizontally ovoid and teardrop shaped when miotic. The color of the iris and tapetum lucidum varied with age. The optic disk was round, and the retina was holangiotic. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were as follows: STT: 2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min; rebound tonometry: 9.50 ± 2.43 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration P), 14.60 ± 2.82 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration D), 18.93 ± 3.99 mmHg (TonoVet Plus®, calibration dog); applanation tonometry: 18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg; PFL: 10.98 ± 1.67 mm. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Anatomical and clinical ophthalmic data presented in this study are unprecedented for this species. The results can be used as clinical reference parameters, allowing for better care of these species. The lack of data for the Procyonidae family must be regarded as an incentive for more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M Carvalho
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Bret A Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Marilia T S Machado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Paula D Galera
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
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LaFrentz S, Abarca E, Mohammed HH, Cuming R, Arias CR. Characterization of the normal equine conjunctival bacterial community using culture-independent methods. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:480-488. [PMID: 32017364 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine conjunctival microbiota has often been reported to be dominated by Gram-positive species such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. However, traditional culture-based methods can only recover a fraction of the bacterial species present in the sample. OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed at exploring the diversity of the equine conjunctival microbiota using culture-independent methods. STUDY DESIGN Eight horses were included in this study, and only eyes with normal ophthalmic examination (n = 15 eyes) were sampled. METHODS Conjunctival biopsies (culture-independent) were collected, and DNA was extracted from the tissues. Bacterial communities in conjunctival biopsies were characterized by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Individual reads were ascribed to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using BLASTn and Greengenes databases. Species richness, evenness, and Good's coverage were determined for each conjunctiva-associated microbial community. RESULTS Culture-independent samples produced a total of 329 bacterial OTUs. The main OTUs identified in the study belonged to the Gram-negative species Ralstonia mannitolilytica (88.0%), Nicoletella semolina (3.3%), and Pseudomonas tolaasii (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previously published data based on culture-dependent methods, the horse eye microbial community was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey LaFrentz
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eva Abarca
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Haitham H Mohammed
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rosemary Cuming
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Covadonga R Arias
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Faghihi H, Rajaei SM, Ansari-mood M, Azizi F. CONJUNCTIVAL MICROFLORA IN GUINEA PIGS WITH AND WITHOUT SIGNS OF CONJUNCTIVITIS. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ansari Mood M, Rajaei SM, Ashrafi Tamai I, Mansour Lakooraj H, Williams D. CORNEO-CONJUNCTIVAL MICROFLORA OF CLINICALLY NORMAL SYRIAN HAMSTERS (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bezerra KPG, de Lucena RB, Stipp DT, Costa FS, Reis VV, Borges PF, Bopp S, Campos DB, Talieri IC. Determination of baseline values for routine ophthalmic tests in bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus). J Med Primatol 2018; 48:3-9. [PMID: 30230553 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establish baseline values for ophthalmic diagnostic tests in Sapajus libidinosus. METHODS Ophthalmic diagnostic tests, namely Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1), intraocular pressure (IOP), B-mode ultrasound, culture of the bacterial conjunctival microbiota, and conjunctival exfoliative cytology, were performed in 15 S. libidinosus. RESULTS Mean values found were as follows: 2.50 ± 2.94 mm/min for the STT-1; 13.3 ± 3.32 mm Hg for the IOP; 2.47 ± 0.41 mm for the depth of the anterior chamber; 2.86 ± 0.96 mm for the axial length of the lens; 10.97 ± 0.48 mm for the depth of the vitreous chamber; and 16.32 ± 1.24 mm for the axial length of the eyeball. The bacterial genus most frequently found was Staphylococcus spp. Conjunctival cytology showed intermediate epithelial, squamous superficial epithelial, and keratinized cells. CONCLUSIONS Determination of baseline values for eye measurements and ophthalmic tests will assist in the diagnosis of eye diseases in S. libidinosus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Barbosa de Lucena
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Danilo Tancler Stipp
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Séllos Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Vânia Vieira Reis
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Péricles Farias Borges
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Social Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Simone Bopp
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Danila Barreiro Campos
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Ivia Carmem Talieri
- Agricultural Science Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
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CONJUNCTIVAL BACTERIAL FLORA, ANTIBIOGRAM, AND LACRIMAL PRODUCTION TESTS OF COLLARED ANTEATER (TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:7-12. [DOI: 10.1638/2015-0251.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Oriá AP, Gomes Junior DC, Arraes EA, Estrela-Lima A, Pinna MH, Meneses ÍD, Martins Filho EF. Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014001000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total of 22 adult male rabbits were used. The ophthalmic tests included evaluation of tear production with Schirmer tear test 1(STT1) and Endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) using two different commercial brand materials. Applanation tonometry, Culture of the conjunctival bacterial flora, , conjunctival cytology and conjunctival histology were also performed. Mean (±SD) for STT1, EAPPTTa, EAPPTTb and IOP was 7.27±2.51mm/min, 12.43±1.69mm/min, 15.24±2.07mm/min, 12.89±2.80mm Hg, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were predominant. The cytological evaluation revealed the presence columnar epithelial cells, superficial squamous keratinized cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, red blood cells, mucus and bacteria. The histological analysis revealed a stratified epithelium, characterized by the presence of columnar epithelial cells with a large number of goblet cells. The reported data can be used for therapeutic or experimental purposes.
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Rodarte-Almeida AC, Machado M, Baldotto SB, Santos LLD, Lima L, Lange RR, Froes TR, Montiani-Ferreira F. O olho da coruja-orelhuda: observações morfológicas, biométricas e valores de referência para testes de diagnóstico oftálmico. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objetivou-se relatar características morfológicas do bulbo ocular e determinar valores de referência para testes oftálmicos selecionados em corujas-orelhudas (Asio clamator). Foram estudados 32 olhos de 16 corujas (Asio clamator), adultas e jovens, machos e fêmeas, de vida livre. Sendo compilados dados referentes a observações morfológicas do crânio, bulbo ocular e anexos, além de mensuração de testes oftálmicos, incluindo, Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), cultura da microbiota normal da conjuntiva, estesiometria, pressão intraocular (PIO), espessura de córnea central (ECC), diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral, diâmetro horizontal da córnea e oftalmoscopia indireta. Vinte e dois tipos de bactérias foram identificados em 12 corujas havendo predominância de microrganismos Gram-positivos. A média encontrada para o TLS foi de 5,03±3,28mm/min, para o diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral em 16 corujas foi 21,24±1,17mm, e 15,7±2,74mm para o diâmetro horizontal da córnea. O valor médio para o teste de estesiometria foi de 0,80±0,59cm, a PIO média de 13,81±5,62mmHg e ECC média de 0,28±0,03cm. O estudo contribuiu para a caracterização da morfologia ocular e para o estabelecimento de valores de referências de testes diagnósticos oftálmicos em corujas-orelhudas, sendo necessário ainda o desenvolvimento de estudos complementares sobre histologia ocular desta espécie.
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Leigue dos Santos L, Montiani-Ferreira F, Lima L, Lange R, de barros Filho IR. Bacterial microbiota of the ocular surface of captive and free-ranging microbats:Desmodus rotundus, Diameus youngiandArtibeus lituratus. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:157-61. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Leandro Lima
- CPGCV, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
- Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR; Curitiba Brazil
| | - Rogério Lange
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
| | - Ivan R. de barros Filho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Brazil
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