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Anderson CE, Tzu JH, Hammond EE. Successful surgical correction of a cataract in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) via field setting at a zoological facility. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:276-278. [PMID: 37337367 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A 41-year-old male vasectomized, zoo-housed chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) presented with progressive visual deficits due to bilateral cataract formation. Phacoemulsification and lenticular implant were performed by a veterinary and human board-certified ophthalmologist team in a field setting. Post-operative healing occurred without complication, and the patient returned to the troop with improved vision.
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2
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Miwa Y, Komatsu H, Shinojima A, Oda A, Inagaki M, Usami K, Akasaka M, Kobayashi Y. Bilateral cataract surgery in a Japanese macaque ( Macaca fuscata): A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05112. [PMID: 34824854 PMCID: PMC8603418 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7.5-year-old intact male Japanese macaque was presented for evaluation of vision loss. After a complete ophthalmic examination, the patient was diagnosed with hypermature cataract in both eyes. After the cataract surgery, it was able to locate food and walk in a straight line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Miwa
- Animal Eye Care–Tokyo Animal Eye ClinicTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of PhotobiologyDepartment of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Ari Shinojima
- Laboratory of PhotobiologyDepartment of OphthalmologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ayako Oda
- Veterinary Anesthesiology ConsultantTokyoJapan
| | - Mao Inagaki
- Animal Eye Care–Tokyo Animal Eye ClinicTokyoJapan
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3
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Sritrakoon N, Karntip W, Niyom S, Khemton S, Pakpiboon P, Wongsirodkul K, Arunsri K, Thayananuphat A. A-scan biometry, phacoemulsification, and foldable intraocular lens implantation in a young orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus). Open Vet J 2021; 11:121-127. [PMID: 33898293 PMCID: PMC8057203 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cataracts are the major cause of visual impairment in animals which can be curable by surgical treatment. Phacoemulsification is the standard technique for cataract treatment that is applied to almost all species with a high success rate. Case Description: A 2-year-old intact female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) was presented for the study having bilateral opacity of the lenses, for 2 weeks. Ophthalmic examination revealed mature cataract OU. Ocular biometry measurements using A-scan ultrasonography for appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) refractive power calculation were carried out. Electroretinography was applied to ensure retinal function is intact. The orangutan underwent phacoemulsification OU and +24 diopter IOL implantation OS to restore vision. IOL implantation was not carried out OD because of a posterior capsular tear. Retinoscopy after 3 weeks postoperatively revealed +2.0 diopters OS. The outcome of the cataract surgery was successful during 3 years follow-up. The orangutan lived with other orangutans and was alert with normal behavior such as catching food, climbing trees, and swinging hand over hand from one branch to another. Conclusion: Cataract surgery with phacoemulsification OU and adjusted IOL implantation OD was successful with few complications in this orangutan. Vision was restored with normal behavior, even though an adjusted IOL was inserted in only one eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthanet Sritrakoon
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Winyu Karntip
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Niyom
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Kanyarat Arunsri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Thayananuphat
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Manchip KEL, Sayers G, Lewis JCM, Carter JW. Unilateral phacoemulsification in a captive African elephant ( Loxodonta africana). Open Vet J 2019; 9:294-300. [PMID: 32042648 PMCID: PMC6971354 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The following case reports describe the clinical presentation, surgical protocol, post-operative care, and long-term follow-up of an African elephant (Loxodonta Africana) presenting with a unilateral cataract. Case description: A 42-year-old female African elephant presented for the assessment of ocular discomfort and visual deterioration in the left eye. Pre-surgical treatment included topical anti-inflammatory medication for 20 days prior to surgery. On the day of surgery, following anesthetic induction, a two-handed phacoemulsification technique was performed in the left eye. She was left aphakic post-operatively. Nine days post-operatively, the patient had an intact menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct pupillary light reflex. Fundoscopy at that stage was unremarkable. Follow-up information was available for 5 years, from the time of surgery to the present day. Conclusion: Despite remaining aphakic, this case presents a successful visual outcome. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no other published report of phacoemulsification in a captive elephant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John C M Lewis
- International Zoo Veterinary Group, Station House, Keighley BD21 4NQ, UK
| | - James W Carter
- South Devon Veterinary Hospital, The Old Cider Works, Abbotskerswell TQ12 5GH, UK
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Heintz MR, Fuller GA, Woodhouse SJ, Murray A, Allard SM. Case Studies of the Impacts of Cataract Surgery on Crested Penguin Welfare. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2018; 22:329-341. [DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1519436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Heintz
- Center for Zoo and Aquarium Animal Welfare and Ethics, Detroit Zoological Society, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Grace A. Fuller
- Center for Zoo and Aquarium Animal Welfare and Ethics, Detroit Zoological Society, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah J. Woodhouse
- Department of Animal Health, Detroit Zoological Society, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Center for Zoo and Aquarium Animal Welfare and Ethics, Detroit Zoological Society, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Allard
- Center for Zoo and Aquarium Animal Welfare and Ethics, Detroit Zoological Society, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
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6
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Warwick A, Redrobe S, Lotery A, Watts J. Bilateral cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant in a captive western lowland gorilla. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:252-255. [PMID: 28417453 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of bilateral cataract surgery performed in a 21-year-old western lowland gorilla. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens insertion was performed using standard human surgical equipment. Visual function significantly improved. She subsequently mated and gave birth. Ultimately, cataract surgery enabled the birth of a baby gorilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Warwick
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Watts
- Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK
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Zouache MA, Eames I, Samsudin A. Allometry and Scaling of the Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humour Flow Rate in Vertebrate Eyes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151490. [PMID: 26990431 PMCID: PMC4798774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, intraocular pressure (IOP) is required to maintain the eye into a shape allowing it to function as an optical instrument. It is sustained by the balance between the production of aqueous humour by the ciliary body and the resistance to its outflow from the eye. Dysregulation of the IOP is often pathological to vision. High IOP may lead to glaucoma, which is in man the second most prevalent cause of blindness. Here, we examine the importance of the IOP and rate of formation of aqueous humour in the development of vertebrate eyes by performing allometric and scaling analyses of the forces acting on the eye during head movement and the energy demands of the cornea, and testing the predictions of the models against a list of measurements in vertebrates collated through a systematic review. We show that the IOP has a weak dependence on body mass, and that in order to maintain the focal length of the eye, it needs to be an order of magnitude greater than the pressure drop across the eye resulting from gravity or head movement. This constitutes an evolutionary constraint that is common to all vertebrates. In animals with cornea-based optics, this constraint also represents a condition to maintain visual acuity. Estimated IOPs were found to increase with the evolution of terrestrial animals. The rate of formation of aqueous humour was found to be adjusted to the metabolic requirements of the cornea, scaling as Vac(0.67), where Vac is the volume of the anterior chamber. The present work highlights an interdependence between IOP and aqueous flow rate crucial to ocular function that must be considered to understand the evolution of the dioptric apparatus. It should also be taken into consideration in the prevention and treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa A. Zouache
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Eames
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lowenstine LJ, McManamon R, Terio KA. Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes: Bonobos, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:250-76. [PMID: 26721908 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lowenstine
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project-Gorilla Doctors, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R McManamon
- Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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Leiva M, Peña T, Bayón A, de León M, Morales I. Phacoemulsification considerations in nonhuman primates. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:317-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leiva
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Teresa Peña
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - Alejandro Bayón
- Servicio de Oftalmología; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Murcia; Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo; Murcia; Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Morales
- Servicio de Oftalmología; Hospital Docente, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Spain
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