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Serotonergic and SCPb-like innervation of the atrial complex in Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) revealed with CLSM. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-009-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Markosova TG, Zaitseva OV, Smirnov RV. Monoamine- and peptide-containing elements in the nemertine digestive tract. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093007010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Hull KL, Fathimani K, Sharma P, Harvey S. Calcitropic peptides: neural perspectives. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1998; 119:389-410. [PMID: 9827010 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(98)00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammals and higher vertebrates, calcitropic peptides are produced by peripheral endocrine glands: the parathyroid gland (PTH), thyroid or ultimobranchial gland (calcitonin) and the anterior pituitary gland (growth hormone and prolactin). These hormones are, however, also found in the neural tissues of lower vertebrates and invertebrates that lack these endocrine organs, suggesting that neural tissue may be an ancestral site of calcitropic peptide synthesis. Indeed, the demonstration of CNS receptors for these calcitropic peptides and their induction of neurological actions suggest that these hormones arose as neuropeptides. Neural and neuroendocrine roles of some of these calcitropic hormones (calcitonin and parathyroid hormone) and related peptides (calcitonin gene related peptide, stanniocalcin and parathyroid hormone related peptide) are thus the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hull
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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4
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Reuter M, Raikova OI, Gustafsson MK. An endocrine brain? The pattern of FMRF-amide immunoreactivity in Acoela (Plathelminthes). Tissue Cell 1998; 30:57-63. [PMID: 9569678 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(98)80006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of whether the Acoela have a brain of a common flatworm type, an immunocytochemical study was performed of the pattern of FMRF-amide in the nervous system of four species of Acoela, Anaperus biaculeatus, Childia groenlandica, Antinoposthia beklemischevi and Mecynostomum sp. In all species a FMRF-amide positive bilobed brain-like structure lacking neuropile was observed. This brain is composed of large multipolar nerve cells with short processes. The FMRF-amide immunoreactivity appears as spots in the cytoplasm. Short lateral branches originating from the periphery of the brain were observed in Anaperus biaculeatus. No immunoreactive nerve cords were detected. The results indicate that the brain-like structure of Acoela is not homologous with the brains of other Plathelminthes and implies an independent evolution of Acoela.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Finland
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5
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Reuter M, Gustafsson MK, Sahlgren C, Halton DW, Maule AG, Shaw C. The nervous system of Tricladida. I. Neuroanatomy of Procerodes littoralis (Maricola, Procerodidae): an immunocytochemical study. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE : IN 1997; 1:113-22. [PMID: 9372136 DOI: 10.1007/bf02331909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The organization of the nervous system of Procerodes littoralis (Tricladida, Maricola, Procerodidae) was studied by immunocytochemistry, using antibodies to authentic flatworm neuropeptide F (NPF) (Moniezia expansa). Compared to earlier investigations of the neuroanatomy of tricladid flatworms, the pattern of NPF immunoreactivity in Procerodes littoralis reveals differences in the following respects: 1. Shape and structure of the brain. 2. Number and composition of longitudinal nerve cords. 3. Shape of branches of, and transverse connections between, main ventral nerve cords. 4. Composition of the pharyngeal nervous system. The rich innervation by NPF immunoreactive (IR) fibres and cells of the subepithelial muscle layer, the pharynx musculature and the musculature of the male copulatory apparatus indicates a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory influence on muscular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Finland
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6
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The nervous system of Tricladida. III. Neuroanatomy ofDendrocoelum lacteum andPolycelis tenuis (Plathelminthes, Paludicola): an immunocytochemical study. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02526943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Abstract
The flatworms occupy a position at the base of the metazoan phylogenetic tree; they have a bilateral symmetric nervous system and an archaic brain. The following aspects, brought into focus by the use of new methods, will be dealt with in the present paper. 1. The high degree of diversity on all levels of the flatworm nervous system (NS). 2. The concept of main nerve cords is defined and the use of this concept in avoiding confusions in the terminology of nerve cords is stressed. 3. The archaic nature of the stomatogastric NS is reviewed. 4. The new data about neuronal celltypes implying advanced features at this low phylogenetic level. 5. The ultrastructural studies of neuronal cells indicating (A) that a common secretory cell type containing dense-core vesicles is archaic and a likely progenitor cell type for conventional neurons of advanced flatworms and (B) that an independent evolution of synaptic structures and glial cells has occurred inside the flatworm taxon. 6. The multitude of neuroactive substances demonstrated by light microscopic histofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, liquid chromatography, and HPLC. The cholinergic, aminergic, and peptidergic substances often occur in different neuronal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Finland
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8
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Joffe BI, Wikgren M. Immunocytochemical Distribution of 5-HT (Serotonin) in the Nervous System of the GastrotrichTurbanella cornuta. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1995.tb00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Substance P immunoreactivity in sensory structures and the central and pharyngeal nervous system of Stenostomum leucops (Catenulida) and Microstomum lineare (Macrostomida). Cell Tissue Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00354797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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The nervous system of Bothriomolus balticus (Proseriata) ?a contribution to the knowledge of the orthogon in the Plathelminthes. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00403089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Reuter M, Kuusisto A. Growth factors in asexually reproducing catenulida and macrostomida (Plathelminthes)? ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01633106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Maule A, Shaw C, Halton D, Johnston C, Fairweather I. Immunochemical and chromatographic analyses of a neuropeptide from the monogenean parasite, Diclidophora merlangI: Evolutionary aspects of the neuropeptide Y superfamily. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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14
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Shaw C, Johnston CF. Role of regulatory peptides in parasitic platyhelminths and their vertebrate hosts: possible novel factors in host-parasite interactions. Parasitology 1991; 102 Suppl:S93-105. [PMID: 2057218 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000073327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study of regulatory peptides has its origins in the classical work of Bayliss & Starling (1902). Their pioneering work on the presence of a factor in intestinal extracts which, when injected into the bloodstream of experimental animals, elicited pancreatic secretion, led to the genesis of the concept of the hormone, i.e. a chemical messenger which is released from one part of the body in response to a stimulus to travel in the bloodstream to a distant target tissue where it would elicit a physiological response appropriate to the original stimulus. In keeping with accepted scientific tradition, this concept had its critics. Pavlov, who had been studying secretory stimulation from a different perspective, concluded from his work on salivation in dogs, that this was mediated via neural pathways. With hindsight, and the benefits of knowledge obtained from nearly a century of scientific research, we now know that these pioneers were in actual fact studying different aspects of the same process and that both theories were complementary. In fact, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ascribe secretory control to either circulating or neuronal factors as both appear to be intimately involved in regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast
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15
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Magee RM, Shaw C, Fairweather I, Thim L, Johnston CF, Halton DW. Isolation and partial sequencing of a pancreatic polypeptide-like neuropeptide from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1991; 100:507-11. [PMID: 1687548 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90031-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. A pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive neuropeptide has been isolated and partially sequenced from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. 2. Gel permeation chromatography of an acid ethanol extract of cattle flukes showed that the peptide is similar in size to mammalian (bovine) PP. 3. The Fasciola peptide was purified to homogeneity by means of reverse-phase HPLC, employing different column chemistries. 4. The purified peptide was sequenced using automated gas-phase Edman degradation and the first 24 amino acid residues determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Magee
- Comparative Neuroendocrinology Research Group, School of Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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16
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Skuce PJ, Johnston CF, Fairweather I, Halton DW, Shaw C, Buchanan KD. Immunoreactivity to the pancreatic polypeptide family in the nervous system of the adult human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. Cell Tissue Res 1990; 261:573-81. [PMID: 2245454 DOI: 10.1007/bf00313537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of neuropeptides belonging to the pancreatic polypeptide family have been demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the nervous systems of adult male and female Schistosoma mansoni. Seven antisera of differing regional specificity to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were employed on both whole-mount and cryostat-sectioned material. Positive immunoreactivity (IR) was obtained with all antisera except an N-terminally-directed antiserum to NPY. In the CNS, immunoreactivity was restricted to cell bodies and nerve fibres in the anterior ganglia, central commissure and dorsal and ventral nerve cords of both sexes, whereas, in the PNS, positive-IR was present in the plexuses innervating the subtegumental musculature and the oral and ventral suckers. Intense immunoreactivity was observed in a plexus of nerve fibres and cell bodies in the lining of the gynaecophoric canal and in fine nerve fibres innervating the dorsal tubercles of the male. In contrast, in the female, strong immunoreactivity was evident in nerve plexuses innervating the lining of the ovovitelline duct and in the wall of the ootype, but most notably in a cluster of cells in the region of Mehlis' gland. Results suggest that molecules with C-terminal homology to the PP-family are present in S. mansoni. These peptides would appear to be important regulatory molecules in the parasite's nervous system and may play a role in the control of egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Skuce
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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17
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Hay-Schmidt A. Catecholamine-containing, serotonin-like and neuropeptide FMRFamide-like immunoreactive cells and processes in the nervous system of the pilidium larva (Nemertini). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00312190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Maule AG, Halton DW, Johnston CF, Shaw C, Fairweather I. The serotoninergic, cholinergic and peptidergic components of the nervous system in the monogenean parasite, Diclidophora merlangi: a cytochemical study. Parasitology 1990; 100 Pt 2:255-73. [PMID: 2345660 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000061266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Confocal scanning laser microscopy has been employed with immunocytochemical techniques to map the distribution of serotoninergic and peptidergic components in the nervous system of the monogenean gill-parasite, Diclidophora merlangi; results are compared with the distribution of cholinergic components, following histochemical staining for cholinesterase activity. While all three neurochemical elements are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the cholinergic and peptidergic systems dominate the CNS, whereas the PNS has a majority of serotoninergic nerve fibres. The cholinergic and peptidergic neuronal pathways overlap extensively in staining patterns, suggesting possible co-localization of acetylcholine and neuropeptides. Within the peptidergic nervous system, immunoreactivity to the pancreatic polypeptide family of peptides and FMRFamide were the most prevalent. Gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK)-, neuropeptide Y-, substance P-, neurokinin A- and eledoisin-like immunoreactivities have been demonstrated for the first time in a monogenean parasite. The gastrin/CCK- and tachykinin-like immunoreactivities had an apparently restricted distribution in the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Maule
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, U.K
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19
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Fairweather I, Mahendrasingam S, Johnston CF, Halton DW, Shaw C. Peptidergic nerve elements in three developmental stages of the tetraphyllidean tapeworm Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris. An immunocytochemical study. Parasitol Res 1990; 76:497-508. [PMID: 1696377 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The localization and distribution of seven neuropeptides in the nervous system of the plerocercoid, adult and free proglottis stages of the tetraphyllidean tapeworm Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris have been determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Six of the peptides are vertebrate-derived, namely, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SRIF); the seventh is the invertebrate neuropeptide, FMR Famide. This is the first demonstration of VIP and SP immunoreactivity in a cestode parasite, and for SRIF this is its first description in any parasitic platyhelminth. Cell bodies and nerve fibres immunoreactive to PP, PYY, VIP, SP and FMRFamide are present throughout the CNS; the distributions of PHI and SRIF were more restricted. In the PNS, nerve fibres immunoreactive to PP occur in the bothridia, whilst in the free proglottis nerve fibres immunoreactive to PYY and VIP innervate the gonads; VIP-immunoreactive nerve elements also supply the reproductive ducts. Extra-neuronal sitings of peptide immunoreactivities were evident for PHI, in association with the excretory system, and for SRIF, in presumed tegumental cell bodies in the free proglottis. The results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the peptides in the neurophysiology and developmental biology of the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fairweather
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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20
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McKay DM, Shaw C, Halton DW, Johnston CF, Fairweather I, Buchanan KD. Mammalian regulatory peptide immunoreactivity in the trematode parasite Haplometra cylindracea and the lung of its frog host, Rana temporaria: comparative chromatographic characterisation using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1990; 96:345-51. [PMID: 1703469 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(90)90019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Extracts of Haplometra cylindracea and lung tissues of its host, Rana temporaria, were subjected to radioimmunoassay using antisera to nine mammalian regulatory peptides. 2. In these extracts, immunoreactivity was measured to pancreatic polypeptide, substance P, neurokinin A, gastrin-releasing peptide and glucagon. The levels of each peptide varied considerably with some marked differences between those demonstrable in parasite and host (notably pancreatic polypeptide). 3. Reverse-phase HPLC fractionation of extracts revealed general chemical differences between parasite and host peptides, with some peptides present in more than one molecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M McKay
- Division of Cell and Experimental Biology, School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K
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21
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Reuter M, Gustafsson MKS, Lang J, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP. The release sites and targets of nerve cells immunoreactive to RFamide ? an ultrastructural study ofMicrostomum lineare andDiphyllobothrium dendriticum (Plathelminthes). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00803570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Maule AG, Halton DW, Johnston CF, Shaw C, Fairweather I. A cytochemical study of the serotoninergic, cholinergic and peptidergic components of the reproductive system in the monogenean parasite, Diclidophora merlangi. Parasitol Res 1990; 76:409-19. [PMID: 2191287 DOI: 10.1007/bf00933549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive system of the monogenean gill parasite, Diclidophora merlangi, was examined for the presence of cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic innervation using cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Cholinesterase activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity (5-HT-IR) were confined to neural elements of the male reproductive system, being evident in the innervation of the cirrus, whereas only 5-HT was present in nerves and somata of the elongate seminal vesicle. Peptidergic innervation was localised to both the male and female reproductive systems of the worm. Within the female reproductive apparatus pancreatic polypeptide, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, neuropeptide Y, substance P, neurokinin A, eledoisin, FMRFamide and gastrin/cholecystokinin immunoreactive fibres and somata were observed in the oviduct, vitelline reservoir and ovovitelline duct. Intense peptide immunoreactivity was identified in fibres in the wall of the ootype and in a surrounding population (greater than 100) of somata that were situated beyond Mehlis' gland cells and all of which were connected to the ootype wall by fine cytoplasmic connectives. The strategic location of this peptidergic cell population infers its involvement in the egg-forming sequence in this platyhelminth parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Maule
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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23
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Distribution of catecholamine-containing, serotonin-like and neuropeptide FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons and processes in the nervous system of the actinotroch larva ofPhoronis muelleri (Phoronida). Cell Tissue Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00571435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Magee RM, Fairweather I, Johnston CF, Halton DW, Shaw C. Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda, Digenea). Parasitology 1989; 98 Pt 2:227-38. [PMID: 2474790 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000062132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The localization and distribution of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica at different stages in the development of the adult fluke have been determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique, using antisera to 19 vertebrate peptides and the invertebrate neuropeptide, FMRFamide. Positive immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), substance P (SP) and FMRFamide. Cell bodies and nerve fibres immunoreactive to the 4 peptides are present in the anterior ganglia and the 3 pairs of longitudinal nerve cords and their commissures in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, immunoreactivity occurs in the nerve plexuses supplying the subtegumental musculature, the oral and ventral suckers, and the muscular lining of the male and female reproductive ducts, including the ootype, uterus, cirrus pouch and gonopore. Cells displaying immunoreactivity to PYY and FMRFamide lie amongst the Mehlis' gland cells that surround the ootype. Processes from these cells extend into the wall of the ootype. One group of PP-immunoreactive cells occurs at the junction of the vitelline and ovovitelline ducts, whilst another group is situated at the entrance to the uterus from the ootype. The results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the peptides in the neurophysiology and egg production of the fluke.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Magee
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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25
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Maule AG, Shaw C, Halton DW, Johnston CF, Fairweather I, Buchanan KD. Tachykinin immunoreactivity in the parasitic flatworm Diclidophora merlangi and its fish host the whiting (Merlangius merlangus): radioimmunoassay and chromatographic characterisation using region-specific substance P and neurokinin A antisera. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1989; 94:533-41. [PMID: 2483928 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(89)90109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Tachykinin immunoreactivity has been quantified and chemically characterised in extracts of the monogenean parasite, Diclidophora merlangi and its fish host, Merlangius merlangus, by means of four tachykinin radioimmunoassays interfaced with gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. 2. Of the two tachykinins identified in parasite tissue, one was SP-like and the other was NKA-like, although neither was identical to previously identified tachykinins. 3. Three tachykinins were identified in extracts of whiting GI tract, one of which was a neuropeptide and also occurred in whiting brain. 4. The parasite and fish tachykinins had different molecular weights and elution profiles in HPLC analyses, and were therefore chemically distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Maule
- Division of Cell and Experimental Biology, School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K
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26
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Gustafsson MK, Wikgren MC. Development of immunoreactivity to the invertebrate neuropeptide small cardiac peptide B in the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Parasitol Res 1989; 75:396-400. [PMID: 2657717 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurons immunoreactive to small cardiac peptide B (SCPb) occur in the scolex and neck region of adult Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. The localisation of the SCPb-IR neurons in the peripheral nervous system is very pronounced; they are closely associated to the bothridial musculature in the scolex. SCPb-IR neurons were not observed in plerocercoid larvae but appeared after cultivation in vitro at 37 degrees C for 30 h. Functional and developmental aspects of the SCPb-IR neurons are discussed.
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27
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Reuter M, Palmberg I. Development and differentiation of neuronal subsets in asexually reproducing Microstomum lineare. Immunocytochemistry of 5-HT, RF-amide and SCPB. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1989; 91:123-31. [PMID: 2737923 DOI: 10.1007/bf00492386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of immunoreactivity (IR) in the nervous system of asexually reproducing Microstomum lineare has been studied by a combination of simultaneous and double immunostaining with antisera to 5-HT and RF-amide, as well as with monoclonal antibodies to SCPB (molluscan small cardioactive peptide). Immunoreactivity appears in a distinct sequential order. 5-HT antigenicity in the postpharyngeal commissure indicates the initiation of the development of a new zooid. The development of a new brain and pharyngeal plexus always starts in connection to the parental nerve cords. Significantly different developmental patterns are observed for the IR to 5-HT and RF-amide, whereas IR to SCPB has the same localization as that to RF-amide, but appears both weaker and later during the development. Influences of the immunoreactive substances on the asexual reproduction and the feeding behaviour are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi, Finland
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