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Guidi L, Balsamo M, Ferraguti M, Todaro MA. Reproductive organs and spermatogenesis of the peculiar spermatozoa of the genus
Kryptodasys
(Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida), with an appraisal of the occurrence and origin of the tail‐less spermatozoa in Gastrotricha. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’ Urbino Italy
| | - Maria Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’ Urbino Italy
| | - Marco Ferraguti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - M. Antonio Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università di Modena‐Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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Kieneke A, Todaro MA. Discovery of two ‘chimeric’ Gastrotricha and their systematic placement based on an integrative approach. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sublittoral sand from the islands of Sardinia (Italy) and Flores (Azores) – separated by more than 3700 km linear distance and 8 years between two independent sampling campaigns – yielded conspicuous specimens of two bizarre, yet undescribed, species of the marine gastrotrich clade Macrodasyida. These gastrotrichs combine several character traits that were already known from two, non-related genera. Morphological data were carefully analysed and digitally documented, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were used for phylogenetic inference. The results of these analyses claim for the erection of a new genus. Specimens of the new taxon have a body length of less than 400 µm and are characterized by a wide, funnel-shaped mouth opening shielded dorsally by an oral hood and possess a posterior peduncle that ends with a Y-shaped pair of appendages that carry the posterior adhesive tubes. Further tubes occur as anterior, ventrolateral and lateral series; the gonads are unpaired and there is a set of two accessory reproductive organs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the results of former studies and clearly place the new taxon in Thaumastodermatidae. We hereby propose the establishment of Chimaeradasys gen. nov. and describe C. oligotubulatus sp. nov. from the Azores and C. polytubulatus sp. nov. from Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kieneke
- Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Life Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Guidi L, Garraffoni ARS, Semprucci F, Balsamo M. Spermatozoa ultrastructure, spermatogenesis and reproductive system of Acanthodasys australis (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bosco I, Lourenço AP, Guidi L, Balsamo M, Hochberg R, Garraffoni AR. Integrative description of a new species of Acanthodasys Remane, 1927 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida, Thaumastodermatidae) based on four distinct morphological techniques and molecular data. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Araujo TQ, Atherton S, Hochberg R. First record and a description of a new species ofOregodasys(Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida: Thaumastodermatidae) from Tobago. P BIOL SOC WASH 2015. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x-128.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Todaro MA, Leasi F, Hochberg R. A new species, genus and family of marine Gastrotricha from Jamaica, with a phylogenetic analysis of Macrodasyida based on molecular data. SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.942718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hochberg R, Atherton S, Gross V. A new species of sublittoral marine gastrotrich, Lepidodasys ligni sp. n. (Macrodasyida, Lepidodasyidae), from the Atlantic coast of Florida. Zookeys 2013:1-12. [PMID: 23794849 PMCID: PMC3677386 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.289.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Lepidodasys is described from sublittoral sandy sediments off the Atlantic coast of Florida. Lepidodasys lignisp. n. is a small species (≤ 450 µm) with a crossed-helical pattern of small, non-keeled, non-imbricated scales on the dorsal and lateral body surfaces, two columns of ventral, interciliary scales that form a herringbone pattern, and a series of anterior, lateral, dorsal and posterior adhesive tubes. Similar to Lepidodasys castoroides from the Faroe Islands, the new species possesses a caudal constriction that demarcates the posterior end containing the caudal organ. The frontal organ lies within the posterior constriction, which is heavily invested with somatic circular muscles. These muscles are also present throughout the trunk and represent a novel condition for species of Lepidodasys,which were previously considered to lack somatic circular muscles. Posterior of the caudal constriction is a large, barrel-shaped caudal organ that is wrapped in a series of interdigitating, spindle-shaped, incomplete circular muscle fibers. The caudal organ contains a sclerotized central canal, but the absence of distal cuticular endpieces distinguishes the new species from its morphologically similar congener, Lepidodasys castoroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hochberg
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854 USA, 01.978.934.2885
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Atherton S, Hochberg R. Acanthodasys paurocactus sp. n., a new species of Thaumastodermatidae (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) with multiple scale types from Capron Shoal, Florida. Zookeys 2012:81-94. [PMID: 22639532 PMCID: PMC3349068 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.190.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Acanthodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida, Thaumastodermatidae) is described from sublittoral sediments off the Atlantic coast of Florida. Acanthodasys paurocactussp. n. is a relatively small species (to 450 µm long) with a strap-shaped outline, a series of anterior, lateral, and ventrolateral adhesive tubes, paired caudal pedicles with posterior adhesive tubes, and a morphologically diverse cuticle. The cuticle contains both spined and unspined scales. Unspined scales are present in two general shapes: lanceolate and eye shaped, with some transitional shapes. All scales have a thickened rim and depressed central region; some scales of both shapes bear either one or more central bumps, a parallel ridge, or a perpendicular ridge that gives the appearance of a cross-shaped pattern under transmitted light. Spined scales are somewhat quadrangular in shape and bear uniancres to 15 µm long with a cross-shaped sectional profile. The new species is now one of five described species to possess both spined and spineless scales, and only one of two species to possess two types of spineless scales (the second species is an incompletely described specimen from Norway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Atherton
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA , 01854, USA
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A new species of Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Panama with a description of its peptidergic nervous system using CLSM, anti-FMRFamide and anti-SCPB. ZOOL ANZ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Todaro MA, Kånneby T, Dal Zotto M, Jondelius U. Phylogeny of Thaumastodermatidae (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17892. [PMID: 21455302 PMCID: PMC3063787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phylogenetic relationships within Gastrotricha are poorly known. Attempts to shed light on this subject using morphological traits have led to hypotheses lacking satisfactory statistical support; it seemed therefore that a different approach was needed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this paper we attempt to elucidate the relationships within the taxonomically vast family Thaumastodermatidae (Macrodasyida) using molecular sequence data. The study includes representatives of all the extant genera of the family and for the first time uses a multi-gene approach to infer evolutionary liaisons within Gastrotricha. The final data set comprises sequences of three genes (18S, 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA) from 41 species, including 29 thaumastodermatids, 11 non-thaumastodermatid macrodasyidans and a single chaetonotidan. Molecular data was analyzed as a combined set of 3 genes and as individual genes, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Two different outgroups were used: Xenotrichula intermedia (Chaetonotida) and members of the putative basal Dactylopodola (Macrodasyida). Thaumastodermatidae and all other sampled macrodasyidan families were found monophyletic except for Cephalodasyidae. Within Thaumastodermatidae Diplodasyinae and Thaumastodermatinae are monophyletic and so are most genera. Oregodasys turns out to be the most basal group within Thaumastodermatinae in analyses of the concatenated data set as well as in analyses of the nuclear genes. Thaumastoderma appears as the sister taxon to the remaining species. Surprisingly, Tetranchyroderma is non-monophyletic in our analyses as one group of species clusters with Ptychostomella while another appears as the sister group of Pseudostomella. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Results in general agree with the current classification; however, a revision of the more derived thaumastodermatid taxa seems necessary. We also found that the ostensible COI sequences from several species do not conform to the general invertebrate or any other published mitochondrial genetic code; they may be mitochondrially derived nuclear genes (numts), or one or more modifications of the mitochondrial genetic code within Gastrotricha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Hochberg R, Atherton S. Acanthodasys caribbeanensis sp. n., a new species of Thaumastodermatidae (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Belize and Panama. Zookeys 2010:1-10. [PMID: 21594012 PMCID: PMC3088353 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.61.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe one new species of Acanthodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida, Thaumastodermatidae) collected from sublittoral sites around Carrie Bow Cay, Belize and Isla Colón in the Bocas del Toro archipelago, Panama. Though eight species of Acanthodasys are currently recognized, no species has yet been reported from the Caribbean. Acanthodasys caribbeanensissp. n. is characterized by the lack of lateral adhesive tubes, the presence of ventrolateral adhesive tubes, and with cuticular armature in the form of both spineless and spined scales. The spineless scales are not elliptical as in other species of Acanthodasys, but are instead variable in shape and closely resemble the spineless scales of species of Diplodasys. Spined scales bear uniancres up to 50 µm long and are the largest reported in the genus. Uniancres are arranged dorsally around the mouth rim and distributed in five distinguishable columns. Adult size varies from 325–625 µm long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hochberg
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, 01.978.934.2885
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Kieneke A, Ahlrichs WH, Arbizu PM. Morphology and function of reproductive organs inNeodasys chaetonotoideus(Gastrotricha:Neodasys) with a phylogenetic assessment of the reproductive system in Gastrotricha. ZOOL SCR 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kieneke A, Riemann O, Ahlrichs WH. Novel implications for the basal internal relationships of Gastrotricha revealed by an analysis of morphological characters. ZOOL SCR 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leasi F, Rothe BH, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Todaro MA. The musculature of three species of gastrotrichs surveyed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2006.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guidi L, Pierboni L, Ferraguti M, Todaro MA, Balsamo M. Spermatology of the genus Lepidodasys Remane, 1926 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida): towards a revision of the family Lepidodasyidae Remane, 1927. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-7272.2004.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Todaro MA, Littlewood DTJ, Balsamo M, Herniou EA, Cassanelli S, Manicardi G, Wirz A, Tongiorgi P. The Interrelationships of the Gastrotricha Using Nuclear Small rRNA Subunit Sequence Data, with an Interpretation Based on Morphology. ZOOL ANZ 2003. [DOI: 10.1078/0044-5231-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guidi L, Ferraguti M, Pierboni L, Balsamo M. Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in Acanthodasys aculeatus (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida): an ultrastructural study. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6395.2003.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hochberg R, Litvaitis M. The muscular system of Dactylopodola baltica
and other macrodasyidan gastrotrichs in a functional and phylogenetic perspective. ZOOL SCR 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2001.00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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FREGNI ELENA. The spermatozoa of macrodasyid gastrotrichs: observations by scanning electron microscopy. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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FISCHER UTE. Ultrastructure of penetrated spermatozoa, ovary, and oogenesis ofDactylopodoola baltica(Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1996.9672496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Todaro MA. Contribution to the study of the Mediterranean meiofauna: Gastrotricha from the Island of Ponza, Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/11250009209386689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Lepidodermella squammata are confined to the postparthenogenic phase of the life cycle and coincide with developmental changes in the bilateral female gonads. Male stages are bilateral but asynchronous, in the lateral abdomen anterior to the female gonads. Maximum observed sperm production is two packets per side, or 64 sperm. Sperm formation occurs more rapidly at 27 degrees C than at 20 degrees C (p less than 0.001), requiring as little as 1 day. Two spermatogonial mitotic divisions produce a clone of four primary spermatocytes connected by bridges (stage 1). Centrioles are absent. Development occurs within a cyst. Meiotic divisions produce 16 spermatids (stage 2), each containing a dense, elongate, tapered nucleus. Cytoplasmic membranes enclose one end of the nuclear rod, excluding all other organelles. Completion of this process results in stage 3, a packet of 16 sperm associated with one dense sphere, a modified 'residual body' containing cytoplasmic debris. The residual body then disappears, leaving the sperm packet of stage 4. Each mature sperm is a dense nuclear rod with surrounding membranes, lacking acrosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, and flagellum. Function of sperm has not been demonstrated. The spermatozoa are of a reduced type not previously described.
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Alberti G, Storch V. Fine structure of developing and mature spermatozoa in Tubiluchus (priapulida, tubiluchidae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00310479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ruppert EE, Travis PB. Hemoglobin-containing cells ofNeodasys (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida). I. Morphology and ultrastructure. J Morphol 1983; 175:57-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051750106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Comparative ultrastructure of the gastrotrich pharynx and the evolution of myoepithelial foreguts in aschelminthes. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00312295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rieger GE, Rieger RM. Fine structure and formation of eggshells in marine Gastrotricha. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00310287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ultrastructure of the sensory palps ofTetranchyroderma papii (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fine structure of the male reproductive system in two species ofHaplognathia sterrer (Gnathostomulida, Filospermoidea). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00994055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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