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Veeraiyan B, Tovar-Hernández MA, Palanivel PS, Palanisamy S, Perumal M. New records of sclerozoan fan worms in Acropora sp. from the Gulf of Mannar, south-eastern coast of India (Annelida: Sabellidae). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharathidasan Veeraiyan
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | - María Ana Tovar-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biosistemática, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Partha Sarathy Palanivel
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | - Selvaraj Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, India
| | - Murugesan Perumal
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
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Abstract
Sabellida Levinsen, 1883 is a large morphologically uniform group of sedentary annelids commonly known as fanworms. These annelids live in tubes made either of calcareous carbonate or mucus with agglutinated sediment. They share the presence of an anterior crown consisting of radioles and the division of the body into thorax and abdomen marked by a chaetal and fecal groove inversion. This study synthesises the current state of knowledge about the diversity of fanworms in the broad sense (morphological, ecological, species richness), the species occurrences in the different biogeographic regions, highlights latest surveys, provides guidelines for identification of members of each group, and describe novel methodologies for species delimitation. As some members of this group are well-known introduced pests, we address information about these species and their current invasive status. In addition, an overview of the current evolutionary hypothesis and history of the classification of members of Sabellida is presented. The main aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gaps to stimulate research in those directions.
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Nishi E, Gil J, Tanaka K, Kupriyanova EK. Notaulax yamasui sp. n. (Annelida, Sabellidae) from Okinawa and Ogasawara, Japan, with notes on its ecology. Zookeys 2017:1-16. [PMID: 28794671 PMCID: PMC5549527 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.660.11228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychaete Notaulaxyamasuisp. n. (Sabellidae) is described from Okinawa and Ogasawara, south Japan, where it was found living embedded in a dead skeleton of the coral Porites sp. The new species is characterized by the presence of a pigmented sub-distal swelling on the tips of the crown radioles, a unique feature among species of the genus. Besides, its collar chaetae have an L-shape orientation, and the dorsal basal flanges of the branchial lobes are long and have a dorsal joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijiroh Nishi
- College of Education and Human Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - João Gil
- CEAB-CSIC, Carrer d'accés a la Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain / CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Katsuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8610, Japan
| | - Elena K Kupriyanova
- Marine Invertebrates, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
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Tresguerres M, Katz S, Rouse GW. How to get into bones: proton pump and carbonic anhydrase in Osedax boneworms. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130625. [PMID: 23760644 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osedax are gutless siboglinid worms that thrive on vertebrate bones lying on the ocean floor, mainly those of whales. The posterior body of female Osedax penetrates into the bone forming extensions known as 'roots', which host heterotrophic symbiotic bacteria in bacteriocytes beneath the epidermis. The Osedax root epithelium presumably absorbs bone collagen and/or lipids, which are metabolized by the symbiotic bacteria that in turn serve for Osedax's nutrition. Here, we show that Osedax roots express extremely high amounts of vacuolar-H(+)-ATPase (VHA), which is located in the apical membrane and in cytoplasmic vesicles of root and ovisac epithelial cells. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyses the hydration of CO2 into H(+) and HCO3(-), is also expressed in roots and throughout Osedax body. These results suggest Osedax roots have massive acid-secreting capacity via VHA, fuelled by H(+) derived from the CA-catalysed hydration of CO2 produced by aerobic metabolism. We propose the secreted acid dissolves the bone carbonate matrix to then allow the absorption of bone-derived nutrients across the skin. In an exciting example of convergent evolution, this model for acid secretion is remarkably similar to mammalian osteoclast cells. However, while osteoclasts dissolve bone for repairing and remodelling, the Osedax root epithelium secretes acid to dissolve foreign bone to access nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 93092-0202, USA.
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Kolbasova GD, Tzetlin AB, Kupriyanova EK. Biology ofPseudopotamilla reniformis(Müller 1771) in the White Sea, with description of asexual reproduction. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2012.759164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stewart RJ, Ransom TC, Hlady V. Natural Underwater Adhesives. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:757-771. [PMID: 21643511 PMCID: PMC3104275 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The general topic of this review is protein-based underwater adhesives produced by aquatic organisms. The focus is on mechanisms of interfacial adhesion to native surfaces and controlled underwater solidification of natural water-borne adhesives. Four genera that exemplify the broad range of function, general mechanistic features, and unique adaptations are discussed in detail: blue mussels, acorn barnacles, sandcastle worms, and freshwater caddisfly larva. Aquatic surfaces in nature are charged and in equilibrium with their environment, populated by an electrical double layer of ions as well as adsorbed natural polyelectrolytes and microbial biofilms. Surface adsorption of underwater bioadhesives likely occurs by exchange of surface bound ligands by amino acid sidechains, driven primarily by relative affinities and effective concentrations of polymeric functional groups. Most aquatic organisms exploit modified amino acid sidechains, in particular phosphorylated serines and hydroxylated tyrosines (dopa), with high-surface affinity that form coordinative surface complexes. After delivery to the surfaces as a fluid, permanent natural adhesives solidify to bear sustained loads. Mussel plaques are assembled in a manner superficially reminiscent of in vitro layer-by-layer strategies, with sequentially delivered layers associated through Fe(dopa)(3) coordination bonds. The adhesives of sandcastle worms, caddisfly larva, and barnacles may be delivered in a form somewhat similar to in vitro complex coacervation. Marine adhesives are secreted, or excreted, into seawater that has a significantly higher pH and ionic strength than the internal environment. Empirical evidence suggests these environment triggers could provide minimalistic, fail-safe timing mechanisms to prevent premature solidification (insolubilization) of the glue within the secretory system, yet allow rapid solidification after secretion. Underwater bioadhesives are further strengthened by secondary covalent curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Capa M, Hutchings P, Teresa Aguado M, Bott NJ. Phylogeny of Sabellidae (Annelida) and relationships with other taxa inferred from morphology and multiple genes. Cladistics 2010; 27:449-469. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Katz S, Klepal W, Bright M. The skin of Osedax (Siboglinidae, Annelida): an ultrastructural investigation of its epidermis. J Morphol 2010; 271:1272-80. [PMID: 20672365 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic polychaetes of the genus Osedax living on the bones of whale carcasses have become known as bone-eating worms. It is believed that whale bones are the source of nutrition for those gutless worms and that fatty acids are produced by their symbionts and transferred to the host. However, the symbionts are of the heterotrophic group Oceanospirillales and as such are not able to synthesize organic carbon de novo. Also, they are not housed in close contact to the bone material. We studied the ultrastructure of the integument overlying the symbiont housing trophosome in the ovisac region and the roots region and of the symbiont-free trunk region of Osedax to investigate the host's possible contribution in feeding for the whole symbiosis. The epidermis differs conspicuously between the three regions investigated and clearly points to being correlated with different functions carried out by those regions. The ultrastructure of the integument of the root region changed towards the ovisac region and corresponds with the change of the ultrastructure observed in the Osedax trophosome. We suggest that the epidermis in the root region is tightly linked to bone degradation and nutrient uptake. The trunk region possess two types of unicellular gland cells, at least one of which seems to be involved in secretion of the gelatinous tube of adult Osedax females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Katz
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ehrlich H, Koutsoukos PG, Demadis KD, Pokrovsky OS. Principles of demineralization: modern strategies for the isolation of organic frameworks. Part II. Decalcification. Micron 2008; 40:169-93. [PMID: 18804381 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the second paper on principles of demineralization. The initial paper is dedicated to the common definitions and the history of demineralization. In present work we review the principles and mechanisms of decalcification, i.e., removing the mineral Ca-containing compounds (phosphates and carbonates) from the organic matrix in its two main aspects: natural and artificial. Natural chemical erosion of biominerals (cavitation of biogenic calcareous substrata by bacteria, fungi, algae, foraminifera, sponges, polychaetes, and mollusks) is driven by production of mineral and organic acids, acidic polysaccharides, and enzymes (cabonic anhydrase, alkaline and phosphoprotein phosphataes, and H(+)-ATPase). Examples of artifical decalcification includes demineralization of bone, dentin and enamel, and skeletal formations of corals and crustacean. The mechanism and kinetics of Ca-containing biomineral dissolution is analyzed within the framework of (i) diffusion-reaction theory; (ii) surface-reaction controlled, morphology-based theories, and (iii) phenomenological surface coordination models. The application of surface complexation model for describing and predicting the effect of organic ligands on calcium and magnesium dissolution kinetics is also described. Use of the electron microscopy-based methods for observation and visualization of the decalcification phenomenon is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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