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Rahmouni C, Vanhove MPM, Šimková A, Van Steenberge M. Morphological and Genetic Divergence in a Gill Monogenean Parasitizing Distant Cichlid Lineages of Lake Tanganyika: Cichlidogyrus nshomboi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Representatives of Boulengerochromini and Perissodini. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sefc KM, Mattersdorfer K, Hermann CM, Koblmüller S. Past lake shore dynamics explain present pattern of unidirectional introgression across a habitat barrier. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2019; 791:69-82. [PMID: 31186578 PMCID: PMC6557712 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-016-2791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Introgression patterns between divergent lineages are often characterized by asymmetry in the direction and among-marker variation in the extent of gene flow, and therefore inform on the mechanisms involved in differentiation and speciation. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that unidirectional introgression between two phenotypically and genetically distinct lineages of the littoral, rock-dwelling cichlid fish Tropheus moorii across a wide sandy bay is linked to observed differences in mate preferences between the two lineages. This hypothesis predicts bi-directional nuclear gene flow and was rejected by congruent patterns of introgression in mtDNA, AFLP and microsatellite markers, with admixture confined to the populations west of the bay. This pattern can be explained on the basis of habitat changes in the course of lake level fluctuations, which first facilitated the development of a symmetric admixture zone including the area corresponding to the present sand bay and then shaped asymmetry by causing local extinctions and cessation of gene flow when this area became once more inhabitable. This conforms with previous assumptions that habitat dynamics are a primary determinant of population-level evolution in Tropheus. In this respect, Tropheus may be representative of species whose preferred habitat is subject to frequent re-structuring.
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Van Steenberge M, Raeymaekers JAM, Hablützel PI, Vanhove MPM, Koblmüller S, Snoeks J. Delineating species along shifting shorelines: Tropheus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the southern subbasin of Lake Tanganyika. Front Zool 2018; 15:42. [PMID: 30459820 PMCID: PMC6234679 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species delineation is particularly challenging in taxa with substantial intra-specific variation. In systematic studies of fishes, meristics and linear measurements that describe shape are often used to delineate species. Yet, little is known about the taxonomic value of these two types of morphological characteristics. Here, we used Tropheus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the southern subbasin of Lake Tanganyika to test which of these types of characters best matched genetic lineages that could represent species in this group of stenotypic rock-dwelling cichlids. We further investigated intra-population variation in morphology. By linking this to a proxy of a population's age, we could assess the evolutionary stability of different kinds of morphological markers. RESULTS Morphological data was collected from 570 specimens originating from 86 localities. An AFLP approach revealed the presence of five lineages in the southern subbasin: T. moorii, T. brichardi, T. sp. 'maculatus', T. sp. 'Mpimbwe' and T. sp. 'red', which we consider to represent distinct species. Although both types of morphological data supported this classification, a comparison of PST-values that describe inter-population morphological differentiation, revealed a better correspondence between the taxon delineation based on AFLP data and the patterns revealed by an analysis of meristics than between the AFLP-based taxon delineation and the patterns revealed by an analysis of shape. However, classifying southern populations of Tropheus was inherently difficult as they contained a large amount of clinal variation, both in genetic and in morphological data, and both within and among species. A scenario is put forward to explain the current-day distribution of the species and colour varieties and the observed clinal variation across the subbasin's shoreline. Additionally, we observed that variation in shape was larger in populations from shallow shores whereas populations from steep shores were more variable in meristics. This difference is explained in terms of the different timescales at which small and large scale lake level fluctuations affected populations of littoral cichlids at steep and shallow shores. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed meristics to be more evolutionary stable, and of higher taxonomic value for species delimitation in Tropheus, than linear measurements that describe shape. These results should be taken into account when interpreting morphological differences between populations of highly stenotypic species, such as littoral cichlids from the Great East African Lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Van Steenberge
- Vertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Pascal István Hablützel
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Maarten Pieterjan Maria Vanhove
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Vertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Koblmüller S, Zangl L, Börger C, Daill D, Vanhove MPM, Sturmbauer C, Sefc KM. Only true pelagics mix: comparative phylogeography of deepwater bathybatine cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2018; 832:93-103. [PMID: 30880831 PMCID: PMC6394743 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of dispersal barriers, species with great dispersal ability are expected to show little, if at all, phylogeographic structure. The East African Great Lakes and their diverse fish faunas provide opportunities to test this hypothesis in pelagic fishes, which are presumed to be highly mobile and unrestricted in their movement by physical barriers. Here, we address the link between panmixis and pelagic habitat use by comparing the phylogeographic structure among four deepwater cichlid species of the tribe Bathybatini from Lake Tanganyika. We show that the mitochondrial genealogies (based on the most variable part or the control region) of the four species are very shallow (0.8-4% intraspecific divergence across entire distribution ranges) and that all species experienced recent population growth. A lack of phylogeographic structure in the two eupelagic species, Bathybates fasciatus and B. leo, was consistent with expectations and with findings in other pelagic cichlid species. Contrary to expectations, a clear phylogeographic structure was detected in the two benthopelagic species, B. graueri and Hemibates stenosoma. Differences in genetic diversity between eupelagic and benthopelagic species may be due to differences in their dispersal propensity, mediated by their respective predatory niches, rather than precipitated by external barriers to dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Května 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Zangl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Börger
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Daill
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering – blattfisch e.U., Gabelsbergerstraße 7, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Maarten P. M. Vanhove
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 34 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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5
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Raffini F, Fruciano C, Meyer A. Gene(s) and individual feeding behavior: Exploring eco-evolutionary dynamics underlying left-right asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5495-5507. [PMID: 29938068 PMCID: PMC6010907 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale‐eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis is a textbook example of bilateral asymmetry due to its left or right‐bending heads and of negative frequency‐dependent selection, which is proposed to maintain this stable polymorphism. The mechanisms that underlie this asymmetry remain elusive. Several studies had initially postulated a simple genetic basis for this trait, but this explanation has been questioned, particularly by reports observing a unimodal distribution of mouth shapes. We hypothesize that this unimodal distribution might be due to a combination of genetic and phenotypically plastic components. Here, we expanded on previous work by investigating a formerly identified candidate SNP associated to mouth laterality, documenting inter‐individual variation in feeding preference using stable isotope analyses, and testing their association with mouth asymmetry. Our results suggest that this polymorphism is influenced by both a polygenic basis and inter‐individual non‐genetic variation, possibly due to feeding experience, individual specialization, and intraspecific competition. We introduce a hypothesis potentially explaining the simultaneous maintenance of left, right, asymmetric and symmetric mouth phenotypes due to the interaction between diverse eco‐evolutionary dynamics including niche construction and balancing selection. Future studies will have to further tease apart the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions in an integrated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,School of Earth, Environmental & Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia.,Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS) Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM PSL Université, Paris France
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts
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6
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Raffini F, Fruciano C, Meyer A. Morphological and genetic correlates in the left–right asymmetric scale-eating cichlid fish of Lake Tanganyika. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Radcliffe Institute for Advance Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Raffini F, Fruciano C, Franchini P, Meyer A. Towards understanding the genetic basis of mouth asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlidPerissodus microlepis. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:77-91. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology; Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie; Am Obstberg 1 78315 Radolfzell Germany
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology; Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie; Am Obstberg 1 78315 Radolfzell Germany
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Koblmüller S, Steinwender B, Weiß S, Sefc KM. Gene flow, population growth and a novel substitution rate estimate in a subtidal rock specialist, the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi (Perciformes, Blennioidei, Tripterygiidae) from the Adriatic Sea. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2015; 53:291-299. [PMID: 26617435 PMCID: PMC4658704 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Population histories depend on the interplay between exogeneous and endogeneous factors. In marine species, phylogeographic and demographic patterns are often shaped by sea level fluctuations, water currents and dispersal ability. Using mitochondrial control region sequences (n = 120), we infer phylogeographic structure and historic population size changes of a common littoral fish species, the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi (Perciformes, Blennioidei, Tripterygiidae) from the north-eastern Adriatic Sea. We find that Adriatic T. delaisi are differentiated from conspecific populations in the remaining Mediterranean, but display little phylogeographic structure within the Adriatic basin. The pattern is consistent with passive dispersal of planktonic larvae along cyclonic currents within the Adriatic Sea, but limited active dispersal of adults. Demographic reconstructions are consistent with recent population expansion, probably triggered by rising sea levels after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Placing the onset of population growth between the LGM and the warming of surface waters (18 000-13 000 years BP) and employing a novel expansion dating approach, we inferred a substitution rate of 2.61-3.61% per site per MY. Our study is one of only few existing investigations of the genetic structure of animals within the Adriatic basin and is the first to provide an estimate for mitochondrial control region substitution rates in blennioid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Weiß
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
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9
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Koblmüller S, Odhiambo EA, Sinyinza D, Sturmbauer C, Sefc KM. Big fish, little divergence: phylogeography of Lake Tanganyika's giant cichlid, Boulengerochromis microlepis. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2015; 748:29-38. [PMID: 25983338 PMCID: PMC4430823 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-014-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The largely endemic cichlid species flocks of the East African Great Lakes are among the prime examples for explosive speciation and adaptive radiation. Speciation rates differ among cichlid lineages, and the propensity to radiate has been linked to intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sexual selection and ecological opportunity. Remarkably, only one cichlid tribe-the Boulengerochromini-comprises just a single species, Boulengerochromis microlepis, a predominantly piscivorous endemic of Lake Tanganyika and the world's largest cichlid. While the lineage diverged from its closest relatives at the onset of the Lake Tanganyika radiation >8 MYA, mitochondrial control region sequences collected in this study dated the most recent common ancestor of B. microlepis to ~60-110 KYA. There was no evidence of phylogeographic structure in the lake-wide sample. Patterns of genetic diversity and demographic analyses were consistent with slow and steady population growth throughout the reconstructed timescale. Additionally, the shallow divergence within the species may be related to a possibly large variance in reproductive success in this highly fecund species. Trophic niche space restriction by sympatric piscivores, lack of geographic structure, low potential for sexual selection arising from the monogamous mating system and extinction may have contributed to keeping the lineage monotypic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Koblmüller
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Elizabeth A Odhiambo
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Ichthyology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Danny Sinyinza
- Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Lifestock, Mpulungu, Zambia
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M Sefc
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Machado-Schiaffino G, Kautt AF, Kusche H, Meyer A. Parallel evolution in Ugandan crater lakes: repeated evolution of limnetic body shapes in haplochromine cichlid fish. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:9. [PMID: 25648727 PMCID: PMC4322459 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The enormous diversity found in East African cichlid fishes in terms of morphology, coloration, and behavior have made them a model for the study of speciation and adaptive evolution. In particular, haplochromine cichlids, by far the most species-rich lineage of cichlids, are a well-known textbook example for parallel evolution. Southwestern Uganda is an area of high tectonic activity, and is home to numerous crater lakes. Many Ugandan crater lakes were colonized, apparently independently, by a single lineage of haplochromine cichlids. Thereby, this system could be considered a natural experiment in which one can study the interaction between geographical isolation and natural selection promoting phenotypic diversification. Results We sampled 13 crater lakes and six potentially-ancestral older lakes and, using both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers, discovered strong genetic and morphological differentiation whereby (a) geographically close lakes tend to be genetically more similar and (b) three different geographic areas seem to have been colonized by three independent waves of colonization from the same source population. Using a geometric morphometric approach, we found that body shape elongation (i.e. a limnetic morphology) evolved repeatedly from the ancestral deeper-bodied benthic morphology in the clear and deep crater lake habitats. Conclusions A pattern of strong genetic and morphological differentiation was observed in the Ugandan crater lakes. Our data suggest that body shape changes have repeatedly evolved into a more limnetic-like form in several Ugandan crater lakes after independent waves of colonization from the same source population. The observed morphological changes in crater lake cichlids are likely to result from a common selective regime. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0287-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino
- Department of Biology, Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Kautt
- Department of Biology, Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Henrik Kusche
- Department of Biology, Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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11
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Nevado B, Mautner S, Sturmbauer C, Verheyen E. Water-level fluctuations and metapopulation dynamics as drivers of genetic diversity in populations of three Tanganyikan cichlid fish species. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3933-48. [PMID: 23837841 PMCID: PMC3763204 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variation is generated and maintained in natural populations, and how this process unfolds in a changing environment, remains a central issue in biological research. In this work, we analysed patterns of genetic diversity from several populations of three cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika in parallel, using the mitochondrial DNA control region. We sampled populations inhabiting the littoral rocky habitats in both very deep and very shallow areas of the lake. We hypothesized that the former would constitute relatively older, more stable and genetically more diverse populations, because they should have been less severely affected by the well-documented episodes of dramatic water-level fluctuations. In agreement with our predictions, populations of all three species sampled in very shallow shorelines showed traces of stronger population growth than populations of the same species inhabiting deep shorelines. However, contrary to our working hypothesis, we found a significant trend towards increased genetic diversity in the younger, demographically less stable populations inhabiting shallow areas, in comparison with the older and more stable populations inhabiting the deep shorelines. We interpret this finding as the result of the establishment of metapopulation dynamics in the former shorelines, by the frequent perturbation and reshuffling of individuals between populations due to the lake-level fluctuations. The repeated succession of periods of allopatric separation and secondary contact is likely to have further increased the rapid pace of speciation in lacustrine cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nevado
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Universitat Autònonoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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12
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Musilová Z, Kalous L, Petrtýl M, Chaloupková P. Cichlid fishes in the Angolan headwaters region: molecular evidence of the ichthyofaunal contact between the Cuanza and Okavango-Zambezi systems. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65047. [PMID: 23724120 PMCID: PMC3664563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The headwaters of five large African river basins flow through the Bié Plateau in Angola and still remain faunistically largely unexplored. We investigated fish fauna from the Cuanza and Okavango-Zambezi river systems from central Angola. We reconstructed molecular phylogenies of the most common cichlid species from the region, Tilapia sparrmanii and Serranochromis macrocephalus, using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found evidence for ichthyofaunal contact and gene flow between the Cuanza and Okavango-Zambezi watersheds in the Bié Plateau in central Angola. Waterfalls and rapids also appeared to restrict genetic exchange among populations within the Cuanza basin. Further, we found that the Angolan Serranochromis cichlid fishes represent a monophyletic lineage with respect to other haplochromines, including the serranochromines from the Congo and Zambezi rivers. This study represents an important initial step in a biodiversity survey of this extremely poorly explored region, as well as giving further understanding to species distributions and gene flow both between and within river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Musilová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AV ČR v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
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Kusche H, Lee HJ, Meyer A. Mouth asymmetry in the textbook example of scale-eating cichlid fish is not a discrete dimorphism after all. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4715-23. [PMID: 23055070 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals of the scale-eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis, from Lake Tanganyika tend to have remarkably asymmetric heads that are either left-bending or right-bending. The 'left' morph opens its mouth markedly towards the left and preferentially feeds on the scales from the right-hand side of its victim fish, and the 'right' morph bites scales from the victims' left-hand side. This striking dimorphism made these fish a textbook example of their astonishing degree of ecological specialization and as one of the few known incidences of negative frequency-dependent selection acting on an asymmetric morphological trait, where left and right forms are equally frequent within a species. We investigated the degree and the shape of the frequency distribution of head asymmetry in P. microlepis to test whether the variation conforms to a discrete dimorphism, as generally assumed. In both adult and juvenile fish, mouth asymmetry appeared to be continuously and unimodally distributed with no clear evidence for a discrete dimorphism. Mixture analyses did not reveal evidence of a discrete or even strong dimorphism. These results raise doubts about previous claims, as reported in textbooks, that head variation in P. microlepis represents a discrete dimorphism of left- and right-bending forms. Based on extensive field sampling that excluded ambiguous (i.e. symmetric or weakly asymmetric) individual adults, we found that left and right morphs occur in equal abundance in five populations. Moreover, mate pairing for 51 wild-caught pairs was random with regard to head laterality, calling into question reports that this laterality is maintained through disassortative mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Kusche
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Spreitzer ML, Mautner S, Makasa L, Sturmbauer C. Genetic and morphological population differentiation in the rock-dwelling and specialized shrimp-feeding cichlid fish species Altolamprologus compressiceps from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2011; 682:143-154. [PMID: 26069347 PMCID: PMC4459472 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-011-0698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With about 250 endemic species, Lake Tanganyika contains an extraordinarily diverse cichlid fish fauna, and thus represents an ideal model system for the study of pathways and processes of speciation. The Lamprologini form the most species-rich tribe in Lake Tanganyika comprising about 100 species in seven genera, most of which are endemic to the lake. They are territorial substrate-breeders and represent a monophyletic tribe. By combined analysis of population genetics and geometric morphometric markers, we assessed gene flow among three populations of the highly specialized shrimp-feeding rock-dweller Altolamprologus compressiceps, separated by geographic distance and ecological barriers. Five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in conjunction with 17 landmarks in order to compare genetic differences to body shape differences among populations. Both genetic and morphological analyses revealed significant differentiation among the three studied populations. A significant, but overall relatively low degree of genetic differentiation supports a very recent divergence. Phenotypic differentiation was primarily found in the head region of A. compressiceps. In agreement with findings in other cichlid species, similar adaptations to specialized feeding mechanisms can consequently lead to marginal shape changes in the trophic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luise Spreitzer
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Selma Mautner
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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KOBLMÜLLER STEPHAN, SALZBURGER WALTER, OBERMÜLLER BEATE, EIGNER EVA, STURMBAUER CHRISTIAN, SEFC KRISTINAM. Separated by sand, fused by dropping water: habitat barriers and fluctuating water levels steer the evolution of rock-dwelling cichlid populations in Lake Tanganyika. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2272-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sturmbauer C, Salzburger W, Duftner N, Schelly R, Koblmüller S. Evolutionary history of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini (Teleostei: Perciformes) derived from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:266-84. [PMID: 20601006 PMCID: PMC2997427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lake Tanganyika comprises a cichlid species flock with substrate-breeding and mouthbrooding lineages. While sexual selection via mate choice on male mating color is thought to boost speciation rates in mouthbrooding cichlids, this is not the case in substrate-breeding lamprologines, which mostly form stable pairs and lack sexual dichromatism. We present a comprehensive reconstruction of the evolution of the cichlid tribe Lamprologini, based upon mtDNA sequences and multilocus nuclear DNA (AFLP) markers. Twelve mtDNA clades were identified, seven of which were corroborated by the AFLP tree. The radiation is likely to have started about 5.3 MYA, contemporarily with that of the mouthbrooding C-lineage, and probably triggered by the onset of deep-water conditions in Lake Tanganyika. Neither the Congo- nor the Malagarazi River species form the most ancestral branch. Several conflicts in the mtDNA phylogeny with taxonomic assignments based upon color, eco-morphology and behavior could be resolved and complemented by the AFLP analysis. Introgressive hybridization upon secondary contact seems to be the most likely cause for paraphyly of taxa due to mtDNA capture in species involving brood-care helpers, while accidental hybridization best explains the para- or polyphyly of several gastropod shell breeders. Taxonomic error or paraphyly due to the survival of ancestral lineages appear responsible for inconsistencies in the genera Lamprologus and Neolamprologus.
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Lee HJ, Pittlik S, Jones JC, Salzburger W, Barluenga M, Meyer A. Genetic support for random mating between left and right-mouth morphs in the dimorphic scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis from Lake Tanganyika. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 76:1940-1957. [PMID: 20557648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Population genetic analyses were conducted to investigate whether random mating occurs between left and right-mouth morphs of the dimorphic scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis from two geographical sites in southern Lake Tanganyika. The mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers (13 microsatellite loci) revealed no genetic differentiation between left and right morphs (i.e. widespread interbreeding). The observed lack of genetic divergence between the different morphs allowed for the exclusion of the possibility of assortative mating between same morph types. The microsatellite data showed no significant departures of heterozygosity from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting purely random mating between the morphs. Overall, this study indicated no genetic evidence for either assortative or disassortative mating, but it did provide support for the random mating hypothesis. Highly significant, albeit weak, spatial population structure was also found when samples of different morphs were pooled according to geographical sites. An additional analysis of two microsatellite loci that were recently suggested to be putatively linked to the genetic locus that determines the laterality of these mouth morphs did not show any such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Koblmüller S, Egger B, Sturmbauer C, Sefc KM. Rapid radiation, ancient incomplete lineage sorting and ancient hybridization in the endemic Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Tropheini. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:318-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nevado B, Koblmüller S, Sturmbauer C, Snoeks J, Usano-Alemany J, Verheyen E. Complete mitochondrial DNA replacement in a Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4240-55. [PMID: 19780975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Nevado
- Department Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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