Ureteroureteric reflux. Pathological entity or physiological phenomenon?

A case report of laparoscopic ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy in children with renal duplex

We report on two children aged 2 and 6 years, who underwent laparoscopic ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy for their renal duplex anomalies. Both patients had complete duplex and were investigated by ultrasound, micturating cystourethrogram, magnetic resonance urography, and radioisotope scan. One patient had high-grade vesicoureteral reflux to lower moiety complicated with recurrent urinary tract infections, while the other had obstruction to upper moiety due to ectopic ureter. The pathological moieties of both patients were functional. Both patients underwent laparoscopic ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy uneventfully without any intraoperative complications. Postoperative imagings confirmed successful outcomes after surgery.

Giant ectopic ureter mimicking pelvic organ prolapse: a case report

Ectopic ureter is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies. We, herein, present a case of a giant ureter with ectopic orifice, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse, which is the first in the literature. A 59-year-old female patient presenting with frequently recurrent urinary tract infection had grade 3 pelvic organ prolapse. On examination, the organ producing the appearance of prolapse was found to be a right ureter of giant size and was obstructed by a large stone at the distal segment. The proximal end of the ureter ended blindly. After exploration, the stone was removed, the ureter was detached from the urethra, and the lumen was tied off and cut 5 cm proximally. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient is being followed up without any clinical problems. In such cases with nonfunctioning renal segment draining proximally, the chance of cure can be obtained without a need for a comprehensive intervention such as total abdominal ureterectomy.

Yo-yo reflux in an incomplete duplex system causing severe hydronephrosis in a patient with contralateral renal agenesis

This is a report of a case of a 26-year-old patient suffering from progressive renal insufficiency with a neurogenic bladder disorder due to a lipomyelomeningocele. She had renal agenesis on the left side and grade III hydronephrosis of both segments of a right duplex kidney with a bifid ureter joining further distal to the kidney. Both ureters were dilated. The cause was found to be a yo-yo reflux between the two halves of the kidney. Following bladder augmentation and pyelopyelostomy, renal insufficiency improved to stage III and has now been stable for four years. Due to the contralateral renal agenesis, the case is a unique illustration of the functional effect of the yo-yo reflux and pyelopyelostomy.