Origin of carcinomas causing bladder neck obstruction demonstrated by immunoperoxidase localisation of specific antigens

Prostate adenocarcinoma associated with prostatic infection due to Schistosoma haematobium. Case report and systematic review

Schistosomiasis affects more than 240 million people worldwide, an infection which may cause urogenital manifestations including, among others, squamous bladder cancer and prostate involvement. We describe the first case of a prostate adenocarcinoma associated with prostatic Schistosoma haematobium infection occurring in Angola. Prostate carcinoma was suspected because of high levels of prostate-specific antigen. This observation prompted us to review the literature on schistosomiaisis with respect to genital pathology and prostate cancer. Described genital manifestations in men include funiculitis, epididymitis, granulomata of the seminal vesicles, testicular masses, and prostate lesions which may cause haematospermia and infertility. In contrast to bladder cancer, only 12 reports including the present case on 17 cases on prostate carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis have been published worldwide. The rarity of reports on prostate carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis is partly due to diagnostic constraints, and its incidence is underestimated. However, in emerging countries, the incidence of prostate cancer appears to increase mainly as a result of urbanization and improved access to health care where schistosomiasis prevalence is decreasing.

Primary transitional cell carcinoma of prostate: case with lymph node metastasis eradicated by neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the periurethral prostatic ducts received neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC), which eradicated pelvic lymph node metastasis, followed by cystoprostatectomy. M-VAC therapy may be indicated for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the periurethral prostatic ducts.

Differential immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratins and collagen types I and III in experimentally-induced cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis was induced in male Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection (1 ml of 30 g/l) of an aqueous solution of thioacetamide. Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, high molecular weight keratins were localized in bile ducts and ductules. Low molecular weight cytokeratins were present in regenerating hepatocytes in active cirrhosis; bile ducts were unstained. These results suggest that cytokeratin staining may be useful in distinguishing bile duct epithelium and hepatocytes in hepatobiliary diseases. Anticollagen type III antibody stained hepatocytes and thin connective tissue fibres, while anticollagen type I antibody stained thicker fibres and some sinusoidal cells but not hepatocytes. Collagens were usually undetectable in normal liver cells. It is suggested, therefore, that hepatocytes may play a major role in collagen type III production which precedes the deposition of collagen type I. By contrast, collagen type I may be produced by fibroblasts and some cells along sinusoids (e.g. perisinusoidal fat-storing cells) after liver injury.

Schistosomiasis-associated squamous lesions of the bladder. Expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin proteins

The monoclonal antibody CAM 5.2 was used to investigate the expression of lower molecular weight cytokeratin proteins immunocytochemically in conventionally processed samples of schistosoma-associated squamous metaplasias and carcinomas of the urinary bladder. The antibody did not differentiate between squamous metaplasias and well differentiated squamous carcinomas, though it did focally label moderate to poorly differentiated tumours. The results suggest that squamous carcinomas of the bladder in this setting differ fundamentally from such tumours at other sites in their patterns of cytokeratin protein expression.