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Wolska L, Kowalewski M, Potrykus M, Redko V, Rybak B. Difficulties in the Modeling of E. coli Spreading from Various Sources in a Coastal Marine Area. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144353. [PMID: 35889226 PMCID: PMC9316465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal and transitional waters are often used as bathing waters. In many regions, such activities play an important economic role. According to the European Union Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) (BWD) the concentration of Escherichia coli in bathing water exceeding 500 CFU·100 mL−1 poses a high risk for bathers’ health. In order to safeguard public health, microbiological environmental monitoring is carried out, which has recently been supported or replaced by mathematical models detailing the spread of sanitary contamination. This study focuses on the problems and limitations that can be encountered in the process of constructing a mathematical model describing the spread of biological contamination by E. coli bacteria in coastal seawater. This and other studies point to the following problems occurring during the process of building and validating a model: the lack of data on loads of sanitary contamination (often connected with multiple sources of biological contamination inflow) makes the model more complex; E. coli concentrations higher than 250 CFU·100 mL−1 (low hazard for health) are observed very rarely, and are associated with great uncertainty; the impossibility of predicting the time and intensity of precipitation as well as stronger winds and rougher sea, which may be a significant source of E. coli. However, there is universal agreement that such models will be useful in managing bathing water quality and protecting public health, especially during big failures of the wastewater network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (L.W.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Marek Kowalewski
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (L.W.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladyslav Redko
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (L.W.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Bartosz Rybak
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (L.W.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1935
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Cao J, Li J, Yang X, Li P, Yao Z, Han D, Ying L, Wang L, Tian J. Transcriptomics analysis for the identification of potential age-related genes and cells associated with three major urogenital cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:641. [PMID: 33436826 PMCID: PMC7803945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the most important risk factors of the occurrence for tumor patients. The majority of patients with urogenital cancers are the elderly, whose clinical characteristics are greatly affected by age and ageing. Our study aimed to explore age-related genes, cells, and biological changes in three common urogenital cancers via integrative bioinformatics analysis. First, mRNA (count format) and clinical data for bladder cancer, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through the comparison of clinicopathological characteristics, genes expression and cells infiltration between the old group and the young group, it was found that the clinical characteristics, genes and cells in the tumor microenvironment of different ages were quite different. And 4 key cells, 14 hub genes and some potential pathways were identified and considered as important factors. More importantly, we analyzed the differential landscape of the genes and cells from different perspectives, and confirmed its importance. In conclusion, we identified genes and cell types associated with age-related changes in the tumour microenvironment in urogenital cancer patients. These genes and cell types may play a critical role in the age-associated differences in clinicopathological characteristics among urogenital cancers, thus providing a link between ageing and cancer occurrence. The findings of this study may pave the way for the development of age-tailored approaches to treat cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ying
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Taylor GM, Paratore DM. Septic shock secondary to acute bacterial prostatitis in an HIV-positive male: a novel presentation. Oxf Med Case Reports 2018; 2018:omy086. [PMID: 30364294 PMCID: PMC6194185 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bacterial prostatitis, an acute infection of the prostate gland, results in lower abdominal pain, flank pain, urinary symptoms and the potential for systemic symptoms like fever and shock. With a high mortality rate if left untreated, acute bacterial prostatitis becomes a true urological emergency, which if allowed to progress, may result in bacteremia, severe sepsis/septic shock and death. Diagnosis is mainly clinical with a detailed history and physical and laboratory evaluation to include a urinalysis. However, imaging may be necessary to exclude other pathology. We present the case of a 44-year-old male with a history of well-controlled HIV that used a prostate vibrator for 1-week prior to his presentation to the ED. He was subsequently diagnosed with septic shock secondary to acute bacterial prostatitis and required ICU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Taylor
- Teaching Hospital of Michigan State University, Beaumont Hospital, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Diane M Paratore
- Teaching Hospital of Michigan State University, Beaumont Hospital, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the initial description of HIV and AIDS, monumental efforts have been made both in the developed and developing countries to devise strategies and medications to control the disease. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has now meant that the diagnosis of HIV is no longer a life-sentence and compliant patients with HIV can expect life expectancy similar to their noninfected peers. Consequently new challenges have arisen in the management of benign conditions. AIM To provide an overview of the key conditions and issues that HIV/AIDS patients may present with to an andrological service. METHODS Using PubMed, we screened the literature for studies on common andrological conditions specifically pertaining to HIV and AIDS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The urological manifestations of HIV/AIDS in men have been summarized in an attempt to provide a useful guide for sexual health practitioners dealing with HIV-positive men. RESULTS As a result of advancements in pharmaceuticals, life expectancy of men infected with HIV has improved almost to that of the general population in developed countries. Therefore, clinicians are faced with non-life-threatening urological problems that affect the quality of life of men with HIV. The majority of these problems can be managed easily, by adapting a "patient-centered" approach, instead of "disease-centered" algorithms. CONCLUSION With improved survival and understanding, patients with HIV/AIDS can and do expect to enjoy a healthy sex life. With appropriate counseling around safe sex and careful management with consideration for disease-specific issues as well as the influence of medical therapy, patients can achieve a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Bagcilar Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
With the recent massive scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries, HIV has become a chronic disease with new challenges. There is mounting evidence of an increased burden of renal and genitourinary diseases among HIV-infected persons caused by direct HIV viral effects and/or indirectly through the development of opportunistic infections, ART medication-related toxicities, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We review the epidemiology of HIV-associated renal and urogenital diseases, including interactions with kidney-related NCDs such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. We also examine the current evidence regarding the impact of HIV infection on the development of urogenital diseases. Highly advisable in sub-Saharan Africa are the establishment of renal disease registries, reviews of existing clinical practice including cost-effectiveness studies, and the adoption and use of HIV-related NCD management, with training for different cadres of health providers. Epidemiological research priorities include prospective studies to evaluate the true prevalence and spectrum of HIV-related renal disease and their progression. Simple diagnostics tools should be evaluated, including urinary dipsticks and point-of-care urea and creatinine tests to screen for kidney injury in primary care settings. Study of urological manifestations of HIV can help determine the extent of disease and outcomes. As patients live longer on ART, the burden of renal and genitourological complications of HIV and of ART can be expected to increase with a commensurate urgency in both discovery and evidence-based improvements in clinical management.
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Tonolini M, Villa F, Villa C, Ippolito S, Bianco R. Renal and urologic disorders in antiretroviral-treated patients with HIV infection or AIDS: spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2014; 42:266-78. [PMID: 24159925 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the aging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population with improved immune function under antiretroviral treatment, many different opportunistic disorders may be encountered, along with rare presentations or complicated forms of common diseases. Renal and urologic abnormalities observed in the setting of HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reviewed with their imaging appearances, including renal dysfunction, urolithiasis, urinary tract infections and related complications, genitourinary tuberculosis, vascular lesions, urogenital tumors, and bladder abnormalities, with emphasis on characterization. In HIV-positive patients, early cross-sectional imaging is warranted to detect uncommon disorders and complications, with the aim to preserve renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tonolini
- Department of Radiology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Ezechi OC, Gab-Okafor CV, Oladele DA, Kalejaiye OO, Oke BO, Ekama SO, Audu RA, Okoye RN, Ujah IAO. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant Nigerians infected with HIV. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.733782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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HIV-Induced Cystopathy. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-012-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Raheem OA, Mirheydar HS, Palazzi K, Chenoweth M, Lakin C, Sur RL. Prevalence of nephrolithiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients on the highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Endourol 2012; 26:1095-8. [PMID: 22429050 DOI: 10.1089/end.2011.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protease inhibitors, specifically indinavir, have historically been implicated as a cause of nephrolithiasis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. There is a paucity of data, however, on stone disease with nonindinavir etiologies since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We sought to describe the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the HIV population since the use of HAART. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed HIV-positive patients currently receiving HAART treatment in whom image proven kidney and/or ureteral urolithiasis developed, between 1998 and 2010. A detailed analysis of patients' current treatment, surgical intervention, and metabolic studies was performed. RESULTS A total of 436 HIV-positive patients were included and 46 (11%) patients had nephrolithiasis. Each patient included in this study was receiving nonindinavir-based antiretroviral therapy. There were 41 men of whom 36 were Caucasian. Eleven (24%) patients underwent 24-hour urine collections with 11 metabolic abnormalities identified. Stone analysis was available for seven patients (four calcium oxalate monohydrate, one cystine, one uric acid, and one atazanavir). CONCLUSIONS We report the largest series of nephrolithiasis in an HIV population since the introduction of HAART and highlight not only the similar prevalence of nephrolithiasis to the non-HIV population but also the lack of consistent comprehensive metabolic evaluations in HIV patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer A Raheem
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California 92103, USA.
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Sheth KR, Sharma V, Helfand BT, Cashy J, Smith K, Hedges JC, Köhler TS, Woodruff TK, Brannigan RE. Improved Fertility Preservation Care for Male Patients With Cancer After Establishment of Formalized Oncofertility Program. J Urol 2012; 187:979-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunj R. Sheth
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Vidit Sharma
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Brian T. Helfand
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - John Cashy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Kristin Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Jason C. Hedges
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Tobias S. Köhler
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Robert E. Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
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Abstract
Although lifespan has dramatically improved in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) population, HIV and its treatment continue to be a source of substantial morbidity in many organ systems, including the genitourinary tract. As the number of long-term survivors increases with advances in antiretroviral therapy, age-associated urologic symptoms are also becoming increasingly relevant considerations for people living with HIV. Primary care physicians have a major role to play in maintaining the genitourinary health of their HIV+ patients. This role is of great importance not just for the well-being of the individual patient but for the public health, as the genitourinary tract is a common vector for HIV transmission. In this article the authors review the management of the genitourinary system in patients with HIV infection. Particular consideration is given to urinary tract infections, lower urinary tract symptoms, renal insufficiency, sexual and fertility problems, and cancers of the genitourinary tract. Management algorithms are outlined and indications for referral to a urologist are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Shindel
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite A-660, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA
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Adult squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum in HIV positive patients in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12301-010-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Tubino Scanavino MD, Abdo CHN. Sexual dysfunctions among people living with AIDS in Brazil. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:511-9. [PMID: 20535370 PMCID: PMC2882546 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction symptoms in patients with HIV have not been fully investigated in Brazil. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between sexual dysfunction symptoms and AIDS among participants in the Brazilian Sex Life Study. METHODS The Brazilian Sex Life Study is a cross-sectional population study. The participants answered an anonymous self-responsive inquiry. It was applied to a population sample in 18 large Brazilian cities. Answers given by those who reported having AIDS (75) were compared with those who reported not having AIDS (control; 150). This was a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional population study. RESULTS In females, AIDS was associated with "sexual inactivity over the last 12 months" and "does not maintain sexual arousal until the end of the sex act" (P < 0.05) after adjusting for race and thyroid disease. Compared to the control group, men with AIDS had more difficulty becoming sexually aroused (they required more help from their partner to begin the sex act, they required longer foreplay than they wished, they reported losing sexual desire before the end of the sex act, and they required longer to ejaculate than they desired) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for sexual orientation, sex hormone deficiency, depression, and alcoholism, only "does not have sexual desire," "have longer foreplay," and dyspareunia were associated with AIDS. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that sexual dysfunctions are associated with AIDS. Men with AIDS need more time and stimulation to develop a sexual response, and a significant portion (37%) of women with AIDS reported sexual inactivity over the last 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Tubino Scanavino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Henn EW. Recurrent urinary tract infections in non-pregnant adult women. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2009.10873905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Symeonidou C, Hameeduddin A, Malhotra A. Imaging features of renal pathology in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2009; 30:289-97. [PMID: 19711641 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was described before even human immunodeficiency virus was demonstrated to be the causative agent, when the now known human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy was first described. Several other pathologic processes mostly relating to the immunodeficiency caused by the virus, such as atypical infections, malignancies, as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy related side affects, have been shown to affect the kidneys. The mortality and morbidity burden is high; therefore, it is paramount the radiologist be familiar with the imaging features of this wide range of diseases processes.
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Gasparis AP, Kokkosis A, Labropoulos N, Tassiopoulos AK, Ricotta JJ. Venous Outflow Obstruction With Retroperitoneal Kaposi's Sarcoma and Treatment With Inferior Vena Cava Stenting. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2009; 43:295-300. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574408328666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with acute renal insufficiency, and severe lower extremity swelling. Computed tomographic scan revealed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy encasing both ureters and the inferior vena cava. He underwent placement of ureteral stents to relieve the obstruction and afterward underwent lymph node biopsy, which revealed Kaposi's sarcoma. He subsequently was diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Abdominal and lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound did not show any evidence of deep vein thrombosis. The inferior vena cava measured 3.5 mm in diameter and was encased by retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Bilateral transfemoral venography and intravascular ultrasound demonstrated significant compression of the inferior vena cava below the renal veins. Endovascular treatment was followed with primary stenting under intravascular ultrasound guidance. His symptoms improved with reduction in swelling. At 1-year follow-up, the patient was ambulatory with mild symptoms, and on venography the iliac vein and inferior vena cava stents were widely patent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Kokkosis
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | | | - John J. Ricotta
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
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Heyns CF, Groeneveld AE, Sigarroa NB. Urologic complications of HIV and AIDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:32-43. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Venkat A, Piontkowsky DM, Cooney RR, Srivastava AK, Suares GA, Heidelberger CP. Care of the HIV-Positive Patient in the Emergency Department in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 52:274-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Symeonidou C, Standish R, Sahdev A, Katz RD, Morlese J, Malhotra A. Imaging and Histopathologic Features of HIV-related Renal Disease. Radiographics 2008; 28:1339-54. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.285075126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The prevalence of HIV continues to grow in the United States and worldwide. HIV-positive patients experience many genitourinary disease processes. With improvements in HIV therapy, patients have questions and concerns pertaining to their quality of life. This article reviews conditions such as HIV-related urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, voiding dysfunction, fertility, sexual dysfunction, HIV-related nephropathy, malignancies, and occupational exposure and prophylaxis. Knowledge of the various HIV manifestations of genitourinary conditions and their treatment options benefits clinicians and improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lebovitch
- Department of Urology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Uche C, Gilbert B, Ahn M, Santoro J. Indinavir Nephrolithiasis Mimicking Metastatic Urothelial Malignancy. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e318042d5b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghani KR, Chinegwundoh F. THE UROLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME. BJU Int 2006; 98:689-90. [PMID: 16925774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06459_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Prostatitis is a common urologic diagnosis. Although treatment algorithms are available for this poorly understood entity, several adaptations must be made in order to accommodate the therapeutic needs of HIV-positive patients. The most important consideration when treating HIV-infected patients for prostatitis is their current immune status, whether they are immunocompromised or not (non-progressive disease or reconstituted with highly active antiretroviral therapy). A treatment algorithm for those with chronic bacterial prostatitis (Category II), chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (Category IIIA), and prostatodynia (Category IIIB) is presented in this article. In the HIV-positive patient population, there is a greater likelihood for atypical pathogens including fungi, tuberculosis, anaerobes, and viruses. Because the HIV-infected patient is at increased risk for the development of prostatic abscess and urosepsis than the general population, increased monitoring and evaluation and longer-term appropriately directed antimicrobial therapy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Santillo
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Urology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, 425 W 59th Street, #3A, New York, NY 10019, USA
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Kavanagh JP. Supersaturation and renal precipitation: the key to stone formation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:81-5. [PMID: 16437224 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-005-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John P Kavanagh
- Department of Urology, South Manchester University Hospitals Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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