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Peng Z, Wang S, Wen D, Mei Z, Zhang H, Liao S, Lv L, Li C. FEN1 upregulation mediated by SUMO2 via antagonizing proteasomal degradation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma stemness. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101916. [PMID: 38513457 PMCID: PMC10966306 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) critically impacts the survival prognosis of patients, with the pivotal role of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells in initiating invasive metastatic behaviors. The Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is delineated as a metallonuclease, quintessential for myriad cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA synthesis, DNA damage rectification, Okazaki fragment maturation, baseexcision repair, and the preservation of genomic stability. Furthermore, it has been recognized as an oncogene in a diverse range of malignancies. Our antecedent research has highlighted a pronounced overexpression of protein FEN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it amplifies the invasiveness and metastatic potential of liver cancer cells. However, its precise role in liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) remains an enigma and requires further investigation. METHODS To rigorously evaluate the stemness attributes of LCSCs, we employed sphere formation assays and flow cytometric evaluations. Both CD133+ and CD133- cell populations were discerningly isolated utilizing immunomagnetic bead separation techniques. The expression levels of pertinent genes were assayed via real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses, while the expression profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were gauged using immunohistochemistry. Subsequent immunoprecipitation, in conjunction with mass spectrometry, ascertained the concurrent binding of proteins FEN1 and Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO2) in HCC cells. Lastly, the impact of SUMO2 on proteasomal degradation pathway of FEN1 was validated by supplementing MG132. RESULTS Our empirical findings substantiate that protein FEN1 is profusely expressed in spheroids and CD133+ cells. In vitro investigations demonstrate that the upregulation of protein FEN1 unequivocally augments the stemness of LCSCs. In a congruent in vivo context, elevation of FEN1 noticeably enhances the tumorigenic potential of LCSCs. Conversely, inhibiting protein FEN1 resulted in a marked reduction in LCSC stemness. From a mechanistic perspective, there exists a salient positive correlation between the protein expression of FEN1 and SUMO2 in liver cancer tissues. Furthermore, the level of SUMO2-mediated modification of FEN1 is pronouncedly elevated in LCSCs. Interestingly, SUMO2 has the ability to bind to FEN1, leading to a inhibition in the proteasomal degradation pathway of FEN1 and an enhancement in its protein expression. However, it is noteworthy that this interaction does not affect the mRNA level of FEN1. CONCLUSION In summation, our research elucidates that protein FEN1 is an effector in augmenting the stemness of LCSCs. Consequently, strategic attenuation of protein FEN1 might proffer a pioneering approach for the efficacious elimination of LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Diguang Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
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Shpilman Z, Kidane D. Dysregulation of base excision repair factors associated with low tumor immunogenicity in head and neck cancer: implication for immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241248330. [PMID: 38680291 PMCID: PMC11047243 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241248330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by different exogenous risk factors including smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Base excision repair (BER) is the frontline to repair oxidative DNA damage, which is initiated by the DNA N-glycosylase proteins (OGG1) and other BER factors including DNA polymerase β (POLB). Objective Explore whether BER genes' (OGG1, POLB) overexpression in HNSCC alters genomic integrity, immunogenicity, and its role in prognostic value. Design RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical information (age, gender, histological grade, survival status, and stage) of 530 patients of HNSCC were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Patients' data are categorized HPV positive or negative to analyze the tumor data including the tumor stage, POLB, and OGG1 gene expression. Methods RNA-Seq of HNSCC data retrieved and mutation count and aneuploidy score were compared using an unpaired t-test. The TIMER algorithm was used to calculate the tumor abundance of six infiltrating immune cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells) based on RNA-Seq expression profile data. The correlation between the POLB, OGG1, and immune cells was calculated by Spearman correlation analysis using TIMER 2.0. Results Our data analysis reveals that BER genes frequently overexpressed in HNSCC tumors and increase mutation count. In addition, OGG1 and POLB overexpression are associated with low infiltration of immune cells, low immune checkpoint gene expression (PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, program death ligand 1, and program death ligand 2), and innate immune signaling genes. Furthermore, dysregulated BER factors in Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors had better overall survival. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that dysregulation of the BER genes panel might be a potential prognosis marker and/or an attractive target for an immune checkpoint blockade in HNSCC cancers. However, our observation still requires further experimental-based scientific validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary Shpilman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, Northwestern Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Abbasi SF, Mahjabeen I, Parveen N, Qamar I, Haq MFU, Shafique R, Saeed N, Ashraf NS, Kayani MA. Exploring homologous recombination repair and base excision repair pathway genes for possible diagnostic markers in hematologic malignancies. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1527-1543. [PMID: 37861816 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) are a collection of malignant transformations, originating from the cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. HMs comprise three main types; leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Globally, HMS accounts for approximately 10% of newly diagnosed cancer. DNA repair pathways defend the cells from recurrent DNA damage. Defective DNA repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination repair (HRR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and base excision repair (BER) pathways may lead to genomic instability, which initiates HM progression and carcinogenesis. Expression deregulation of HRR, NER, and BER has been investigated in various malignancies. However, no studies have been reported to assess the differential expression of selected DNA repair genes combinedly in HMs. The present study was designed to assess the differential expression of HRR and BER pathway genes including RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 in blood cancer patients to highlight their significance as diagnostic/ prognostic marker in hematological malignancies. The study cohort comprised of 210 blood cancer patients along with an equal number of controls. For expression analysis, q-RT PCR was performed. DNA damage was measured in blood cancer patients and controls using the comet assay and LORD Q-assay. Data analysis showed significant downregulation of selected genes in blood cancer patients compared to healthy controls. To check the diagnostic value of selected genes, the Area under curve (AUC) was calculated and 0.879 AUC was observed for RAD51 (p < 0.0001) and 0.830 (p < 0.0001) for APEX1. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that downregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC3 (p < 0.02), and APEX1 (p < 0.0001) was found to be associated with a significant decrease in survival of blood cancer patients. Cox regression analysis showed that deregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC2 (p < 0.02), XRCC3 (p < 0.003), and APEX1 (p < 0.00001) was found to be associated with the poor prognosis of blood cancer patients. Comet assay showed an increased number of comets in blood cancer patients compared to controls. These results are confirmed by performing the LORD q-assay and an increased frequency of lesions/Kb was observed in selected genes in cancer patients compared to controls. Our results showed significant downregulation of RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 genes with increased DNA damage in blood cancer patients. The findings of the current research suggested that deregulated expression of HRR and BER pathway genes can act as a diagnostic/prognostic marker in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Fida Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Neelam Parveen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imama Qamar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gohil D, Sarker AH, Roy R. Base Excision Repair: Mechanisms and Impact in Biology, Disease, and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14186. [PMID: 37762489 PMCID: PMC10531636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) corrects forms of oxidative, deamination, alkylation, and abasic single-base damage that appear to have minimal effects on the helix. Since its discovery in 1974, the field has grown in several facets: mechanisms, biology and physiology, understanding deficiencies and human disease, and using BER genes as potential inhibitory targets to develop therapeutics. Within its segregation of short nucleotide (SN-) and long patch (LP-), there are currently six known global mechanisms, with emerging work in transcription- and replication-associated BER. Knockouts (KOs) of BER genes in mouse models showed that single glycosylase knockout had minimal phenotypic impact, but the effects were clearly seen in double knockouts. However, KOs of downstream enzymes showed critical impact on the health and survival of mice. BER gene deficiency contributes to cancer, inflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Medicinal targets are being developed for single or combinatorial therapies, but only PARP and APE1 have yet to reach the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Gohil
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Altaf H. Sarker
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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Wang Z, Yong C, Fu Y, Sun Y, Guo Z, Liu SB, Hu Z. Inhibition of FEN1 promotes DNA damage and enhances chemotherapeutic response in prostate cancer cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:242. [PMID: 37452976 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) refers to epithelial malignancies occurring in prostate and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is one of the major base excise repair enzymes and is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, which contributes to cancer progression. Targeting FEN1 serves as a potent strategy for cancer therapy. However, how FEN1 acts on PCa cell proliferation and its role in chemotherapeutic response remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that knockdown of FEN1 by CRISPR/Cas9 system impedes the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. FEN1 Inhibitor SC13 induced DNA damage accumulation and further resulted in apoptosis of PCa cells. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of FEN1 or inhibition of FEN1 by SC13 promoted DNA damage and enhanced docetaxel (DTX)-induced chemotherapeutic response in PCa cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of FEN1 in PCa cell proliferation and implicate FEN1 as a promising target for monotherapy or combination therapeutic strategy in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenxuan Yong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yulian Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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7
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Xie W, Li S, Guo H, Zhang J, Tu M, Wang R, Lin B, Wu Y, Wang X. Androgen receptor knockdown enhances prostate cancer chemosensitivity by down-regulating FEN1 through the ERK/ELK1 signalling pathway. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15317-15336. [PMID: 37326412 PMCID: PMC10417077 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is highly upregulated in prostate cancer and promotes the growth of prostate cancer cells. Androgen receptor (AR) is the most critical determinant of the occurrence, progression, metastasis, and treatment of prostate cancer. However, the effect of FEN1 on docetaxel (DTX) sensitivity and the regulatory mechanisms of AR on FEN1 expression in prostate cancer need to be further studied. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses were performed using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus. Prostate cancer cell lines 22Rv1 and LNCaP were used. FEN1 siRNA, FEN1 overexpression plasmid, and AR siRNA were transfected into cells. Biomarker expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were explored using flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the target relationship. Xenograft assays were conducted using 22Rv1 cells to evaluate the in vivo conclusions. RESULTS Overexpression of FEN1 inhibited cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase induced by DTX. AR knockdown enhanced DTX-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase in prostate cancer cells, which was attenuated by FEN1 overexpression. In vivo experiments showed that overexpression of FEN1 significantly increased tumour growth and weakened the inhibitory effect of DTX on prostate tumour growth, while AR knockdown enhance the sensitivity of DTX to prostate tumour. AR knockdown resulted in FEN1, pho-ERK1/2, and pho-ELK1 downregulation, and the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that ELK1 can regulate the transcription of FEN1. CONCLUSION Collectively, our studies demonstrate that AR knockdown improves the DTX sensitivity of prostate cancer cells by downregulating FEN1 through the ERK/ELK1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityGuangdong ProvinceZhanjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Menjiang Tu
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of RadiologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Urology and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityGuangdong ProvinceZhanjiangPeople's Republic of China
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Wang S, Wang X, Sun J, Yang J, Wu D, Wu F, Zhou H. Down-regulation of DNA key protein-FEN1 inhibits OSCC growth by affecting immunosuppressive phenotypes via IFN-γ/JAK/STAT-1. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 37185662 PMCID: PMC10130046 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) escape from the immune system is mediated through several immunosuppressive phenotypes that are critical to the initiation and progression of tumors. As a hallmark of cancer, DNA damage repair is closely related to changes in the immunophenotypes of tumor cells. Although flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1), a pivotal DNA-related enzyme is involved in DNA base excision repair to maintain the stability of the cell genome, the correlation between FEN1 and tumor immunity has been unexplored. In the current study, by analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of FEN1, we demonstrated that FEN1 overexpressed and that an inhibitory immune microenvironment was established in OSCC. In addition, we found that downregulating FEN1 inhibited the growth of OSCC tumors. In vitro studies provided evidence that FEN1 knockdown inhibited the biological behaviors of OSCC and caused DNA damage. Performing multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), we directly observed that the acquisition of critical immunosuppressive phenotypes was correlated with the expression of FEN1. More importantly, FEN1 directly or indirectly regulated two typical immunosuppressive phenotype-related proteins human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) and programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), through the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Our study highlights a new perspective on FEN1 action for the first time, providing theoretical evidence that it may be a potential immunotherapy target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zeng S, Chen J, Chai Q, Zhu T, Mao G. Label-free and low-background FEN1 sensing based on cleavage-induced ligation of bifunctional dumbbell DNA and in-situ signal readout. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122295. [PMID: 36603277 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is overexpressed in various types of human tumor cells and has been recognized as a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis in recent years. In this work, a label-free fluorescent nanosensor for FEN1 detection was developed based on cleavage-induced ligation of bifunctional dumbbell DNA and in-situ signal readout by copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The dumbbell DNA was rationally designed with a FEN1 cleavable 5' flap for target recognition and AT-riched stem-loop template for CuNPs formation. In the presence of FEN1, 5' overhanging DNA flap of dumbbell DNA was effectively removed to form a linkable nick site. After the ligation by T4 DNA ligase, the dumbbell DNA changed to exonuclease-resisted closed structure which enabled in-situ generation of fluorescent CuNPs that served as signal source for target quantification. The low background attributed to synergic digestion by exonucleases facilitated the highly sensitive detection of FEN1 with limit of detection of 0.007 U/mL. Additionally, the sensor was extended to the assay of FEN1 inhibitor (aurintricarboxylic acid) with reasonable results. Last but not least, the normal cells and tumor cells were distinguished unambiguously by this sensor according to the detected concentration difference of cellular FEN1, which indicates the robustness and practicability of this nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, Hubei, China.
| | - Qingli Chai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, Hubei, China
| | - Guobin Mao
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Gu M, Yan Z, Wu X, Li Z, Dong Y, Wang GL. Trap remediation of CuBi 2O 4 nanopolyhedra via surface self-coordination by H 2O 2: an innovative signaling mode for cathodic photoelectrochemical bioassay. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2954-2962. [PMID: 36722391 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05588k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work conveys a new philosophy of surface self-coordination mediated trap remediation for innovative cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) signal transduction. Initially, the surface trap states of CuBi2O4 nanopolyhedra resulting from dangling bonds can function as charge carrier recombination centers, which suppress the carrier separation efficiency and result in a low photocurrent output. Particularly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) spontaneously interacts with the uncoordinated Cu(II) on the surface of CuBi2O4, enabling efficient elimination of dangling bonds and remedy of trap states, thereby outputting intensified photocurrent readout. Exemplified by Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) as a model target, a tetrahedron DNA (THD)-based strand displacement amplification (SDA) was introduced to manipulate the formation of hemin impregnated G-quadruplex (G-quadruplex/hemin) DNAzyme and the resultant catalytic reduction for H2O2. In addition, a highly efficient and ultra-sensitive PEC sensing platform was achieved for FEN1 detection with a wide linear range from 1.0 fM to 100.0 pM and a detection limit of 0.3 fM (S/N = 3). This work not only establishes a new idea of cathodic PEC signal transduction, but also offers an efficient biosensing platform for FEN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhuying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zaijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guang-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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11
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Huang RH, Hong YK, Du H, Ke WQ, Lin BB, Li YL. A machine learning framework develops a DNA replication stress model for predicting clinical outcomes and therapeutic vulnerability in primary prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:20. [PMID: 36635710 PMCID: PMC9835390 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified DNA replication stress as an important feature of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). The identification of biomarkers for DNA replication stress could therefore facilitate risk stratification and help inform treatment options for PCa. Here, we designed a robust machine learning-based framework to comprehensively explore the impact of DNA replication stress on prognosis and treatment in 5 PCa bulk transcriptomic cohorts with a total of 905 patients. Bootstrap resampling-based univariate Cox regression and Boruta algorithm were applied to select a subset of DNA replication stress genes that were more clinically relevant. Next, we benchmarked 7 survival-related machine-learning algorithms for PCa recurrence using nested cross-validation. Multi-omic and drug sensitivity data were also utilized to characterize PCa with various DNA replication stress. We found that the hyperparameter-tuned eXtreme Gradient Boosting model outperformed other tuned models and was therefore used to establish a robust replication stress signature (RSS). RSS demonstrated superior performance over most clinical features and other PCa signatures in predicting PCa recurrence across cohorts. Lower RSS was characterized by enriched metabolism pathways, high androgen activity, and a favorable prognosis. In contrast, higher RSS was significantly associated with TP53, RB1, and PTEN deletion, exhibited increased proliferation and DNA replication stress, and was more immune-suppressive with a higher chance of immunotherapy response. In silico screening identified 13 potential targets (e.g. TOP2A, CDK9, and RRM2) from 2249 druggable targets, and 2 therapeutic agents (irinotecan and topotecan) for RSS-high patients. Additionally, RSS-high patients were more responsive to taxane-based chemotherapy and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, whereas RSS-low patients were more sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy. In conclusion, a robust machine-learning framework was used to reveal the great potential of RSS for personalized risk stratification and therapeutic implications in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Kai Hong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Secretion, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Qi Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Biao Lin
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ya-Lan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Manils J, Marruecos L, Soler C. Exonucleases: Degrading DNA to Deal with Genome Damage, Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:2157. [PMID: 35883600 PMCID: PMC9316158 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA degradation might seem an unwanted event, it is essential in many cellular processes that are key to maintaining genomic stability and cell and organism homeostasis. The capacity to cut out nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA chain is present in enzymes called exonucleases. Exonuclease activity might come from enzymes with multiple other functions or specialized enzymes only dedicated to this function. Exonucleases are involved in central pathways of cell biology such as DNA replication, repair, and death, as well as tuning the immune response. Of note, malfunctioning of these enzymes is associated with immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will dissect the impact of DNA degradation on the DNA damage response and its links with inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Breast Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Lu Y, Liu S, Zhang J, Pu Y, Wei W. Fluorescence imaging of FEN1 activity in living cells based on controlled-release of fluorescence probe from mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Li X, Huang Y, Chen J, Zhuo S, Lin Z, Chen J. A highly sensitive homogeneous electrochemiluminescence biosensor for flap endonuclease 1 based on branched hybridization chain reaction amplification and ultrafiltration separation. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108189. [PMID: 35716581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive homogeneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) detection was developed by combining highly sensitive ECL detection, high efficiency of branched hybridization chain reaction (BHCR) amplification, a convenient homogeneous strategy, and simple ultrafiltration separation. Magnetic beads were first modified with well-designed double flap DNAs containing 5'-flaps. In the presence of FEN1, the 5'-flap can be cleaved, and a large amount of single-stranded DNA can be produced, which can be separated easily from the double-flap DNA-modified beads by a magnet. Then, the cleaved 5'-flap can be used to initiate BHCR amplification to produce a large amount of long-strand dsDNA. Ru(phen)32+ can insert dsDNA to form Ru-dsDNAs, which can be easily separated from the main solution through ultrafiltration. The ECL signal from the separated Ru-dsDNAs has a good linear relationship with the logarithm of the FEN1 concentration ranging from 6.5 × 10-2 ∼ 6.5 × 103 U/L with a detection limit of 2.2 × 10-2 U/L. The proposed biosensor was used to evaluate FEN1 activity in real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, PR China
| | - Yichan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, PR China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, PR China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analysis Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China.
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15
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Wei XR, Meng Y, Xu Q, Hu J, Zhang CY. Label-free and homogeneous detection of flap endonuclease 1 by ligation-promoted hyperbranched rolling circle amplification platform. Talanta 2022; 243:123342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Zhong G, Wang Y, Wei H, Chen M, Lin H, Huang Z, Huang J, Wang S, Lin J. The Clinical Significance of the Expression of FEN1 in Primary Osteosarcoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6477-6485. [PMID: 34675615 PMCID: PMC8504935 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical significance of the expression of flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in primary osteosarcoma. METHODS The expression of FEN1 was detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. The association of the expression of FEN1 in osteosarcoma with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by using χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS Of the 40 osteosarcoma patients, 19 (47.5%) patients presented with FEN1 high expression, while in the non-neoplastic bone specimens, the FEN1 high expression was observed in 10% (3/30), the positive expression rate in osteosarcoma patients was significantly higher than that of non-neoplastic bone specimens (P< 0.01). Univariate analysis indicated that the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were correlated with the expression level of FEN1 (PFS, P < 0.001; OS, P = 0.002), Enneking staging (PFS, P = 0.026; OS, P = 0.044) and chemotherapy response (PFS, P = 0.019; OS, P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that FEN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the PFS (HR = 4.73, P = 0.002) and OS (HR = 4.01, P = 0.038) of osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSION This study showed that FEN1 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma patients and positively associated with poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Further studies should focus on the relative mechanisms and the targeted FEN1 therapies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifang Chen
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huangfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Li S, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Wang W, Yu W, Wang F, Liu X. Precision Spherical Nucleic Acids Enable Sensitive FEN1 Imaging and Controllable Drug Delivery for Cancer-Specific Therapy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11275-11283. [PMID: 34342424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential to precision theranostics. However, nonspecific response of theranostic agents in healthy tissues impedes their practical applications. Here, we design an activatable DNA nanosphere for specifically in situ sensing of cancer biomarker flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and spatiotemporally modulating drug release. The gold nanostar-conjugated FEN1 substrate acts as spherical nucleic acid and induces a fluorescence signal upon a FEN1 stimulus for diagnosis. Guided by the nanoflare, external NIR light then triggers a controlled release of carried drugs at desired sites. This DNA nanosphere not only exhibits good stability, sensitivity, and specificity toward FEN1 assay but also serves as a precision theranostic agent for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Our study provides a reliable method for FEN1 imaging in vitro and in vivo and suggests a powerful strategy for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qunying Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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18
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Wilson DM, Deacon AM, Duncton MAJ, Pellicena P, Georgiadis MM, Yeh AP, Arvai AS, Moiani D, Tainer JA, Das D. Fragment- and structure-based drug discovery for developing therapeutic agents targeting the DNA Damage Response. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 163:130-142. [PMID: 33115610 PMCID: PMC8666131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer will directly affect the lives of over one-third of the population. The DNA Damage Response (DDR) is an intricate system involving damage recognition, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and ultimately cell fate determination, playing a central role in cancer etiology and therapy. Two primary therapeutic approaches involving DDR targeting include: combinatorial treatments employing anticancer genotoxic agents; and synthetic lethality, exploiting a sporadic DDR defect as a mechanism for cancer-specific therapy. Whereas, many DDR proteins have proven "undruggable", Fragment- and Structure-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD, SBDD) have advanced therapeutic agent identification and development. FBDD has led to 4 (with ∼50 more drugs under preclinical and clinical development), while SBDD is estimated to have contributed to the development of >200, FDA-approved medicines. Protein X-ray crystallography-based fragment library screening, especially for elusive or "undruggable" targets, allows for simultaneous generation of hits plus details of protein-ligand interactions and binding sites (orthosteric or allosteric) that inform chemical tractability, downstream biology, and intellectual property. Using a novel high-throughput crystallography-based fragment library screening platform, we screened five diverse proteins, yielding hit rates of ∼2-8% and crystal structures from ∼1.8 to 3.2 Å. We consider current FBDD/SBDD methods and some exemplary results of efforts to design inhibitors against the DDR nucleases meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11, a.k.a., MRE11A), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1, a.k.a., APEX1), and flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wilson
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Boost Scientific, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium; XPose Therapeutics Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Ashley M Deacon
- Accelero Biostructures Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA; XPose Therapeutics Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Millie M Georgiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; XPose Therapeutics Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P Yeh
- Accelero Biostructures Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S Arvai
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Davide Moiani
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debanu Das
- Accelero Biostructures Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA; XPose Therapeutics Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA.
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19
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Zhu Y, Dai H, Wang Y, Liang Y, Feng W, Yuan Y. Targeting FEN1 Suppresses the Proliferation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Regulating Alternative End-Joining Pathways. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1101-1111. [PMID: 34156283 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. The BCR-ABL protein leads to an increased level of reactive oxygen species, which is a major cause of endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). CML cells are prone to rely on a highly mutagenic alternative end-joining (Alt-EJ) pathway to cope with enhanced DSBs, which aggravates chromosomal instability. Hence, targeting dysregulated DNA repair proteins provides new insights into cancer treatment. In this study, we discovered the abnormal upregulation of Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in CML, as well as FEN1's participation in the error-prone Alt-EJ repair pathway and its interplay with DNA Ligase1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in DSB repair. Knockdown of FEN1 by shRNA not only inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis but also enhanced the efficacy of imatinib (IM) in drug-resistant CML cell K562/G01. Moreover, excessive DSB accumulation was detected after FEN1 inhibition. In summary, our results demonstrated that FEN1 is a promising therapeutic target in CML treatment. This work extends the understanding of regulating abnormal DSB repair for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongdan Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Significance of base excision repair to human health. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:163-193. [PMID: 34507783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and alkylating DNA damage occurs under normal physiological conditions and exogenous exposure to DNA damaging agents. To counteract DNA base damage, cells have evolved several defense mechanisms that act at different levels to prevent or repair DNA base damage. Cells combat genomic lesions like these including base modifications, abasic sites, as well as single-strand breaks, via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. In general, the core BER process involves well-coordinated five-step reactions to correct DNA base damage. In this review, we will uncover the current understanding of BER mechanisms to maintain genomic stability and the biological consequences of its failure due to repair gene mutations. The malfunction of BER can often lead to BER intermediate accumulation, which is genotoxic and can lead to different types of human disease. Finally, we will address the use of BER intermediates for targeted cancer therapy.
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21
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Al-Kawaz A, Miligy IM, Toss MS, Mohammed OJ, Green AR, Madhusudan S, Rakha EA. The prognostic significance of Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:53-63. [PMID: 34117958 PMCID: PMC8233293 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Impaired DNA repair mechanism is one of the cancer hallmarks. Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is essential for genomic integrity. FEN1 has key roles during base excision repair (BER) and replication. We hypothesised a role for FEN1 in breast cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to assess the role of FEN1 in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods Expression of FEN1 protein was evaluated in a large (n = 1015) well-characterised cohort of DCIS, comprising pure (n = 776) and mixed (DCIS coexists with invasive breast cancer (IBC); n = 239) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results FEN1 high expression in DCIS was associated with aggressive and high-risk features including higher nuclear grade, larger tumour size, comedo type necrosis, hormonal receptors negativity, higher proliferation index and triple-negative phenotype. DCIS coexisting with invasive BC showed higher FEN1 nuclear expression compared to normal breast tissue and pure DCIS but revealed significantly lower expression when compared to the invasive component. However, FEN1 protein expression in DCIS was not an independent predictor of local recurrence-free interval. Conclusion High FEN1 expression is linked to features of aggressive tumour behaviour and may play a role in the direct progression of DCIS to invasive disease. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its mechanistic roles in DCIS progression and prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06271-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaqi Al-Kawaz
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Omar J Mohammed
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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22
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Yang H, Wang C, Xu E, Wei W, Liu Y, Liu S. Dual-Mode FEN1 Activity Detection Based on Nt.BstNBI-Induced Tandem Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6567-6572. [PMID: 33847477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure-specific nuclease that cleaves the 5' single-stranded protrusion (also known as 5' flap) during Okazaki fragment processing. It is overexpressed in various types of human cancer cells and has been considered as an important biomarker for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional methods for FEN1 assay usually suffer from complicated platform and laborious procedures with a limited sensitivity. Here, we developed a dual-signal method for sensitive detection of FEN1 on the basis of duplex-specific nuclease actuated cyclic enzymatic repairing-mediated signal amplification. Once the 5' flap of the double-flap DNA substrate was cleaved by target FEN1, the cleaved 5' flap initiated strand-displacement amplification to produce plenty of G-rich DNA (G) sequences. These G sequences that self-assembled into G-quadruplexes in the presence of hemin revealed horseradish-peroxidase-like catalytic activities as well as fluorescence enhancement of thioflavin T. The UV-vis signal showed a good linear relationship with the logarithm of FEN1 activity ranging from 0.03 to 1.5 U with a detection limit of 0.01 U. The fluorescence signal correlated linearly with the logarithm of FEN1 activity ranging from 0.001 to 1.5 U with a detection limit of 0.75 mU. In addition, FEN1 can be visualized not only by colorimetry but also by fluorescence (under ice-water mixture conditions). This reliable, accurate, and convenient method would be a potential powerful tool in point-of-care testing applications and therapeutic response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ensheng Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Li L, Kumar AK, Hu Z, Guo Z. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Key Proteins in the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:963-985. [PMID: 32091326 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200224102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a complicated interactional pathway. Defects that occur in subordinate pathways of the DDR pathway can lead to genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. Abnormal expression of some proteins in DDR, especially in the DNA repair pathway, are associated with the subsistence and resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the chief proteins in the DDR pathway is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting chief proteins in the DDR pathway, particularly focusing on their implications for cancer therapy. We present the action mode of DDR molecule inhibitors in preclinical studies and clinical cancer therapy, including monotherapy and combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or checkpoint suppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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Fluorometric detection of cancer marker FEN1 based on double-flapped dumbbell DNA nanoprobe functionalized with silver nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1148:238194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Li B, Xia A, Xie S, Lin L, Ji Z, Suo T, Zhang X, Huang H. Signal-Amplified Detection of the Tumor Biomarker FEN1 Based on Cleavage-Induced Ligation of a Dumbbell DNA Probe and Rolling Circle Amplification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3287-3294. [PMID: 33529005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), an endogenous nuclease with the ability to cleave the 5' overhang of branched dsDNA, is of significance in DNA replication and repair. The overexpression of FEN1 is common in cancer because of the ubiquitous upregulation of DNA replication; thus, FEN1 has been recognized as a potential biomarker in oncological investigations. However, few analytical methods targeting FEN1 with high sensitivity and simplicity have been developed. This work developed a signal-amplified detection of FEN1 based on the cleavage-induced ligation of a dumbbell DNA probe and rolling circle amplification (RCA). A flapped dumbbell DNA probe (FDP) was rationally designed with a FEN1 cleavable flap at the 5' end. The cleavage generated a nick site with juxtaposed 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl ends, which were linkable by T4 DNA ligase to form a closed dumbbell DNA probe (CDP) with a circular conformation. The CDP functioned as a template for RCA, which produced abundant DNA that could be probed using SYBR Green I. The highly sensitive detection of FEN1 with a limit of detection of 15 fM was achieved, and this method showed high specificity, which enabled the quantification of FEN1 in real samples. The inhibitory effects of chemicals on FEN1 were also evaluated. This study represents the first attempt to develop an FEN1 assay that involves signal amplification, and the novel biosensor method enriches the tools for FEN1-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Anqi Xia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siying Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhirun Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tiying Suo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Xu L, Shen JM, Qu JL, Song N, Che XF, Hou KZ, Shi J, Zhao L, Shi S, Liu YP, Qu XJ, Teng YE. FEN1 is a prognostic biomarker for ER+ breast cancer and associated with tamoxifen resistance through the ERα/cyclin D1/Rb axis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:258. [PMID: 33708885 PMCID: PMC7940940 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen is an important choice in endocrine therapy for patients with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, and disease progression-associated resistance to tamoxifen therapy is still challenging. Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) is used as a prognostic biomarker and is considered to participate in proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in multiple cancers, especially breast cancer, but the prognostic function of FEN1 in ER+ breast cancer, and whether FEN1 is related to tamoxifen resistance or not, remain to be explored. Methods On-line database Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, GEO datasets, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse the prognostic value of FEN1 in ER+ breast cancer from mRNA and protein levels. Cell viability assay and colony formation assays showed the response of tamoxifen in MCF-7 and T47D cells. Microarray data with FEN1 siRNA versus control group in MCF-7 cells were analysed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The protein levels downstream of FEN1 were detected by western blot assay. Results ER+ breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen for adjuvant endocrine therapy with poor prognosis showed a high expression of FEN1. MCF-7 and T47D appeared resistant to tamoxifen after FEN1 over-expression and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen after FEN1 knockdown. Importantly, FEN1 over-expression could activate tamoxifen resistance through the ERα/cyclin D1/Rb axis. Conclusions As a biomarker of tamoxifen effectiveness, FEN1 participates in tamoxifen resistance through ERα/cyclin D1/Rb axis. In the future, reversing tamoxifen resistance by knocking-down FEN1 or by way of action as a small molecular inhibitor of FEN1 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji-Ming Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Lei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sha Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-E Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Wu T, Zhu H, Zhang M, Sun Y, Yang Y, Gu L, Zhang J, Mu D, Wu C, Hu Z, Jiang L, Jia S, Zhang Y, He L, Pan FY, Guo Z. FEN1 inhibitor synergizes with low-dose camptothecin to induce increased cell killing via the mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway. Gene Ther 2021; 29:407-417. [PMID: 33414522 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin has been used in tumor therapy for a long time but its antitumor effect is rather limited due to the side effect and the drug resistance. FEN1, a major component of DNA repair systems, plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability via DNA replication and repair. Here we found that FEN1 inhibitor greatly sensitizes cancer cells to low-dose camptothecin. The combinative treatment of FEN1 inhibitor and 1 nM camptothecin induced a synthetic lethal effect, which synergistically suppressed cancer cell proliferation and significantly mediated apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our study suggested that targeting FEN1 could be a potent strategy for tumor-targeting cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Congye Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Longwei Jiang
- Jinlin Hospital of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaochang Jia
- Jinlin Hospital of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jinlin Hospital of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fei-Yan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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28
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Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101455. [PMID: 32505732 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) overexpression has been reported to be closely associated with cancer prognosis. However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance in gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been explored. METHODS FEN1 expression, its correlation with clinical parameters, and prognostic significance were investigated by data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Patients were divided into low- and high-expression groups using the median value of FEN1 expression as the cut-off. The diagnostic value of FEN1 expression in GC tissues was determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the prognostic indicators. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore FEN1-related signalling pathways in GC. Furthermore, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and GSE62254 dataset were used for further external validation. RESULTS FEN1 was expressed at a higher level in GC tissues than in normal gastric tissues with high diagnostic accuracy (area under the ROC=0.909). Higher FEN1 expression was also validated at the protein level using the HPA database. High FEN1 expression in GC was correlated with older age (P<0.05). Patients with high FEN1 expression had a favourable prognosis compared to patients with low FEN1 expression (P=0.0048). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that FEN1 was an independent predictive factor associated with overall survival in both the TCGA cohort and the GSE62254 dataset (P=0.0004 and P=0.011, respectively). GSEA identified that the FEN1 expression was related to DNA replication, cell cycle, cytosolic and sensing pathways, oocyte meiosis, and the P53 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION The results revealed high expression of FEN1 in GC; thus, it could be a promising early diagnostic and independent prognostic biomarker for GC.
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29
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Xu L, Qu JL, Song N, Zhang LY, Zeng X, Che XF, Hou KZ, Shi S, Feng ZY, Qu XJ, Liu YP, Teng YE. Biological and clinical significance of flap endonuclease‑1 in triple‑negative breast cancer: Support of metastasis and a poor prognosis. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2443-2454. [PMID: 33125141 PMCID: PMC7610327 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flap endonuclease‑1 (FEN1), a structure‑specific nuclease participating in DNA replication and repair processes, has been confirmed to promote the proliferation and drug resistance of tumor cells. However, the biological functions of FEN1 in cancer cell migration and invasion have not been defined. In the present study, using online database analysis and immunohistochemistry of the specimens, it was found that FEN1 expression was associated with a highly invasive triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype in both breast cancer samples from the Oncomine database and from patients recruited into the study. Furthermore, FEN1 was an important biomarker of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. FEN1 promoted migration of TNBC cell lines and FEN1 knockdown reduced the number of spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of FEN1‑related transcripts in 198 patients with TNBC demonstrated that the polo‑like kinase family may be the downstream target of FEN1. PLK4 was further identified as a critical target of FEN1 mediating TNBC cell migration, by regulating actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. The results of the present study validate FEN1 as a therapeutic target in patients with TNBC and revealed a new role for FEN1 in regulating TNBC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Lei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sha Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Ying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-E Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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30
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He L, Hu Z, Sun Y, Zhang M, Zhu H, Jiang L, Zhang Q, Mu D, Zhang J, Gu L, Yang Y, Pan FY, Jia S, Guo Z. PRMT1 is critical to FEN1 expression and drug resistance in lung cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102953. [PMID: 32861926 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The up-regulation of PRMT1 is critical to the cell growth and cancer progression of lung cancer cells. In our research, we found that PRMT1 is important to the DNA repair ability and drug resistance of lung cancer cells. To demonstrate the functions of PRMT1, we identified Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) as a post-translationally modified downstream target protein of PRMT1. As a major component of Base Excision Repair pathway, FEN1 plays an important role in DNA replication and DNA damage repair. However, the detailed mechanism of FEN1 up-regulation in lung cancer cells remains unclear. In our study, we identified PRMT1 as a key factor that maintains the high expression levels of FEN1, which is critical to the DNA repair ability and the chemotherapeutic drug resistance of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Longwei Jiang
- Jinlin Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Liuhe District People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, 210012, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fei-Yan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shaochang Jia
- Jinlin Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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31
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Wang C, Zhang D, Tang Y, Wei W, Liu Y, Liu S. Label-Free Imaging of Flap Endonuclease 1 in Living Cells by Assembling Original and Multifunctional Nanoprobe. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4573-4580. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yunfei Tang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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32
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Tran OT, Tadesse S, Chu C, Kidane D. Overexpression of NEIL3 associated with altered genome and poor survival in selected types of human cancer. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320918404. [PMID: 32364878 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320918404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair, which is initiated by the DNA N-glycosylase proteins, is the frontline for repairing potentially mutagenic DNA base damage. Several base excision repair genes are deregulated in cancer and affect cellular outcomes to chemotherapy and carcinogenesis. Endonuclease VIII-like 3 (NEIL3) is a DNA glycosylase protein that is involved in oxidative and interstrand crosslink DNA damage repair. Our previous work has showed that NEIL3 is required to maintain replication fork integrity. It is unknown whether NEIL3 overexpression could contribute to cancer phenotypes, and its prognostic value and use as potential drug target remain unexplored. Our analysis of cancer genomics data sets reveals that NEIL3 frequently undergoes overexpression in several cancers. Furthermore, patients who exhibited NEIL3 overexpression with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lower grade glioma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, and kidney papillary cell carcinoma had worse overall survival. Importantly, NEIL3 overexpressed tumors accumulate mutation and chromosomal variations. Furthermore, NEIL3 overexpressed tumors exhibit simultaneous overexpression of homologous recombination genes (BRCA1/2) and mismatch repair genes (MSH2/MSH6). However, NEIL3 overexpression is negatively correlated with tumor overexpressing nucleotide excision repair genes (XPA, XPC, ERCC1/2). Our results suggest that NEIL3 might be a potential prognosis marker for high-risk patients, and/or an attractive therapeutic target for selected cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Tn Tran
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Serkalem Tadesse
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Xin X, Wen T, Gong LB, Deng MM, Hou KZ, Xu L, Shi S, Qu XJ, Liu YP, Che XF, Teng YE. Inhibition of FEN1 Increases Arsenic Trioxide-Induced ROS Accumulation and Cell Death: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:425. [PMID: 32318339 PMCID: PMC7147381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, which is very difficult to treat and commonly develops resistance to chemotherapy. The following study investigated whether the inhibition of Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) expression, the key enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, could improve the anti-tumor effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO), which is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. Our data showed that ATO could increase the expression of FEN1, and the knockdown of FEN1 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of TNBC cells to ATO both in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism studies revealed that silencing FEN1 in combination with low doses of ATO might increase intracellular ROS and reduce glutathione (GSH) levels, by reducing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); elevating ROS leaded to apoptosis and p38 and JNK pathway activating. In conclusion, our study suggested the combination of FEN1 knockdown and ATO could induce TNBC cell death by promoting ROS production. FEN1 knockdown can effectively decrease the application concentrations of ATO, thus providing a possibility for the treatment of TNBC with ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Bao Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Ming Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sha Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-E Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Hamza A, Driessen MRM, Tammpere E, O'Neil NJ, Hieter P. Cross-Species Complementation of Nonessential Yeast Genes Establishes Platforms for Testing Inhibitors of Human Proteins. Genetics 2020; 214:735-747. [PMID: 31937519 PMCID: PMC7054014 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-species complementation can be used to generate humanized yeast, which is a valuable resource with which to model and study human biology. Humanized yeast can be used as an in vivo platform to screen for chemical inhibition of human protein drug targets. To this end, we report the systematic complementation of nonessential yeast genes implicated in chromosome instability (CIN) with their human homologs. We identified 20 human-yeast complementation pairs that are replaceable in 44 assays that test rescue of chemical sensitivity and/or CIN defects. We selected a human-yeast pair (hFEN1/yRAD27), which is frequently overexpressed in cancer and is an anticancer therapeutic target, to perform in vivo inhibitor assays using a humanized yeast cell-based platform. In agreement with published in vitro assays, we demonstrate that HU-based PTPD is a species-specific hFEN1 inhibitor. In contrast, another reported hFEN1 inhibitor, the arylstibonic acid derivative NSC-13755, was determined to have off-target effects resulting in a synthetic lethal phenotype with yRAD27-deficient strains. Our study expands the list of human-yeast complementation pairs to nonessential genes by defining novel cell-based assays that can be utilized as a broad resource to study human drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil Hamza
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maureen R M Driessen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erik Tammpere
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nigel J O'Neil
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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35
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Zeng X, Qu X, Zhao C, Xu L, Hou K, Liu Y, Zhang N, Feng J, Shi S, Zhang L, Xiao J, Guo Z, Teng Y, Che X. FEN1 mediates miR-200a methylation and promotes breast cancer cell growth via MET and EGFR signaling. FASEB J 2019; 33:10717-10730. [PMID: 31266372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is recognized as a pivotal factor in DNA replication, long-patch excision repair, and telomere maintenance. Excessive FEN1 expression has been reported to be closely associated with cancer progression, but the specific mechanism has not yet been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that FEN1 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation via an epigenetic mechanism of FEN1-mediated up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 and DNMT3a. FEN1 was proved to interact with DNMT3a through proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to suppress microRNA (miR)-200a-5p expression mediated by methylation. Furthermore, miR-200a-5p was identified to repress breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the expression of its target genes, hepatocyte growth factor (MET), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Overall, our data surprisingly demonstrate that FEN1 promotes breast cancer cell growth via the formation of FEN1/PCNA/DNMT3a complex to inhibit miR-200a expression by DNMT-mediated methylation and to recover the target genes expression of miR-200a, MET, and EGFR. The novel epigenetic mechanism of FEN1 on proliferation promotion provides a significant clue that FEN1 might serve as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.-Zeng, X., Qu, X., Zhao, C., Xu, L., Hou, K., Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Feng, J., Shi, S., Zhang, L., Xiao, J., Guo, Z., Teng, Y., Che, X. FEN1 mediates miR-200a methylation and promotes breast cancer cell growth via MET and EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sha Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuee Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mironova N, Vlassov V. Surveillance of Tumour Development: The Relationship Between Tumour-Associated RNAs and Ribonucleases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31572192 PMCID: PMC6753386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, the reprogramming of energy metabolism, loss of adhesion, escape of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Both coding and regulatory RNAs expressed by tumour cells and circulating in the blood are involved in all stages of tumour progression. Among the important tumour-associated RNAs are intracellular coding RNAs that determine the routes of metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and pathways responsible for transformation, and intracellular and extracellular non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of the expression of their proto-oncogenic and oncosuppressing mRNAs. Considering the diversity/variability of biological functions of RNAs, it becomes evident that extracellular RNAs represent important regulators of cell-to-cell communication and intracellular cascades that maintain cell proliferation and differentiation. In connection with the elucidation of such an important role for RNA, a surge in interest in RNA-degrading enzymes has increased. Natural ribonucleases (RNases) participate in various cellular processes including miRNA biogenesis, RNA decay and degradation that has determined their principal role in the sustention of RNA homeostasis in cells. Findings were obtained on the contribution of some endogenous ribonucleases in the maintenance of normal cell RNA homeostasis, which thus prevents cell transformation. These findings directed attention to exogenous ribonucleases as tools to compensate for the malfunction of endogenous ones. Recently a number of proteins with ribonuclease activity were discovered whose intracellular function remains unknown. Thus, the comprehensive investigation of physiological roles of RNases is still required. In this review we focused on the control mechanisms of cell transformation by endogenous ribonucleases, and the possibility of replacing malfunctioning enzymes with exogenous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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37
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Li C, Qin F, Hong H, Tang H, Jiang X, Yang S, Mei Z, Zhou D. Identification of Flap endonuclease 1 as a potential core gene in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7619. [PMID: 31534853 PMCID: PMC6733258 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common yet deadly form of malignant cancer. However, the specific mechanisms involved in HCC diagnosis have not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we screened four publically available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) expression profiles (GSE14520, GSE29721, GSE45267 and GSE60502), and used them to identify 409 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 142 and 267 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. The DAVID database was used to look for functionally enriched pathways among DEGs, and the STRING database and Cytoscape platform were used to generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for these DEGs. The cytoHubba plug-in was utilized to detect 185 hub genes, and three key clustering modules were constructed with the MCODE plug-in. Gene functional enrichment analyses of these three key clustering modules were further performed, and nine core genes including BIRC5, DLGAP5, DTL, FEN1, KIAA0101, KIF4A, MCM2, MKI67, and RFC4, were identified in the most critical cluster. Subsequently, the hierarchical clustering and expression of core genes in TCGA liver cancer tissues were analyzed using the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser, and whether elevated core gene expression was linked to a poor prognosis in HCC patients was assessed using the GEPIA database. The PPI of the nine core genes revealed an interaction between FEN1, MCM2, RFC4, and BIRC5. Furthermore, the expression of FEN1 was positively correlated with that of three other core genes in TCGA liver cancer tissues. FEN1 expression in HCC and other tumor types was assessed with the FIREBROWSE and ONCOMINE databases, and results were verified in HCC samples and hepatoma cells. FEN1 levels were also positively correlated with tumor size, distant metastasis and vascular invasion. In conclusion, we identified nine core genes associated with HCC development, offering novel insight into HCC progression. In particular, the aberrantly elevated FEN1 may represent a potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Shi Zhu, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Tongnan District People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangyan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Zhu H, Wu C, Wu T, Xia W, Ci S, He W, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhou S, Zhang J, Edick AM, Zhang A, Pan FY, Hu Z, He L, Guo Z. Inhibition of AKT Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Antineoplastic Drugs by Downregulating Flap Endonuclease 1. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2407-2420. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Li C, Zhou D, Hong H, Yang S, Zhang L, Li S, Hu P, Ren H, Mei Z, Tang H. TGFβ1- miR-140-5p axis mediated up-regulation of Flap Endonuclease 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5593-5612. [PMID: 31402791 PMCID: PMC6710057 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a known oncogene in an array of cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. In this study, we report that FEN1 expression was elevated in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database which was verified in HCC tissue and hepatoma cell lines. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that FEN1 was involved in HCC metastasis. We demonstrated that FEN1 silencing inhibits HCC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and migration in vitro and significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, FEN1 overexpression in HCC cells enhanced these metastatic processes. We further confirmed that FEN1 was a direct target of miR-140-5p, which was down-regulated in HCC tissues, and negatively correlated with FEN1 expression. Moreover, low miR-140-5p levels and high FEN1 expression predicted a poor clinical outcome. The effects of FEN1 overexpression could be partially abolished by miR-140-5p. miR-140-5p down-regulation and FEN1 overexpression were observed in a TGFβ1 induced EMT model. TGFβ1 mediated EMT could be blocked by miR-140-5p overexpression or FEN1 silencing. Taken together, our findings suggest that FEN1 is regulated by the TGFβ1- miR-140-5p axis and promotes EMT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 4001016, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuangyan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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40
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Becker JR, Gallo D, Leung W, Croissant T, Thu YM, Nguyen HD, Starr TK, Brown GW, Bielinsky AK. Flap endonuclease overexpression drives genome instability and DNA damage hypersensitivity in a PCNA-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5634-5650. [PMID: 29741650 PMCID: PMC6009675 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the flap endonuclease FEN1 has been observed in a variety of cancer types and is a marker for poor prognosis. To better understand the cellular consequences of FEN1 overexpression we utilized a model of its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog, RAD27. In this system, we discovered that flap endonuclease overexpression impedes replication fork progression and leads to an accumulation of cells in mid-S phase. This was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase Rad53 and histone H2A-S129. RAD27 overexpressing cells were hypersensitive to treatment with DNA damaging agents, and defective in ubiquitinating the replication clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at lysine 164. These effects were reversed when the interaction between overexpressed Rad27 and PCNA was ablated, suggesting that the observed phenotypes were linked to problems in DNA replication. RAD27 overexpressing cells also exhibited an unexpected dependence on the SUMO ligases SIZ1 and MMS21 for viability. Importantly, we found that overexpression of FEN1 in human cells also led to phosphorylation of CHK1, CHK2, RPA32 and histone H2AX, all markers of genome instability. Our data indicate that flap endonuclease overexpression is a driver of genome instability in yeast and human cells that impairs DNA replication in a manner dependent on its interaction with PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Wendy Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Taylor Croissant
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yee Mon Thu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang H, Ba S, Mahajan D, Lee JY, Ye R, Shao F, Lu L, Li T. Versatile Types of DNA-Based Nanobiosensors for Specific Detection of Cancer Biomarker FEN1 in Living Cells and Cell-Free Systems. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7383-7388. [PMID: 30336066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is overexpressed in various types of human cancer cells and has been recognized as a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis in the recent years. In order to specifically detect the abundance and activity of this cancer-overexpressed enzyme, different types of DNA-based nanodevices were created during our investigations. It is shown in our studies that these newly designed biosensors are highly sensitive and specific for FEN1 in living cells as well as in cell-free systems. It is expected that these nanoprobes could be useful for monitoring FEN1 activity in human cancer cells, and also for cell-based screening of FEN1 inhibitors as new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Sai Ba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Jasmine Yiqin Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Ruijuan Ye
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Tianhu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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Lin S, Wang M, Liu X, Lu Y, Gong Z, Guo Y, Yang P, Tian T, Dai C, Zheng Y, Xu P, Li S, Zhu Y, Dai Z. FEN1 gene variants confer reduced risk of breast cancer in chinese women: A case-control study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78110-78118. [PMID: 27801669 PMCID: PMC5363647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the associations of two common Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) polymorphisms (rs4246215 and rs174538) with breast cancer risk in northwest Chinese women. We conducted a case-control study with 560 breast cancer patients and 583 age-matched healthy controls from Northwest China. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the associations. We found a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer associated with T allele of rs4246215 (allele model: OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.96; homozygote model: OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40–0.87; recessive model: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42–0.89), especially in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.97). Furthermore, the polymorphism showed a decreased association with larger tumor size (heterozygote model: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44–0.92; dominant model: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44–0.90). For rs174538, we did not find any difference in all genetic models. However, rs174538 was associated with lymph node metastasis (heterozygote model: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.81; dominant model: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43–0.86) and estrogen receptor status (heterozygote model: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.05–2.15; dominant model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01–1.98). Haplotype analysis showed that Trs4246215Grs174538 haplotype was a protective factor of breast cancer (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14–0.81). Our results suggest that FEN1 polymorphisms may reduce the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Student Affairs, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhuoqing Gong
- Department of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shanli Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yuyao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Zou J, Zhu L, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen B. Curcumin increases breast cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin by decreasing FEN1 expression. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541412 PMCID: PMC5834274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) overexpression promotes breast cancer. We investigated the role of FEN1 in cisplatin resistance and the chemosensitizing effects of curcumin in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that FEN1 overexpression promotes cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells, and that FEN1 knockdown enhances cisplatin sensitivity. Curcumin down-regulated FEN1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. A combination of cisplatin and curcumin enhanced breast cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin by down-regulating FEN1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Increased ERK phosphorylation contributed to cisplatin resistance and cisplatin-induced FEN1 overexpression in breast cancer cells. Inhibiting ERK phosphorylation stimulated the chemosensitizing effect of curcumin to cisplatin by targeting FEN1. These data reveal that FEN1 overexpression promotes cisplatin resistance, and suggest FEN1 could be a potential therapeutic target to relieve cisplatin resistance in breast cancer. We also demonstrated that curcumin sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin through FEN1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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He L, Yang H, Zhou S, Zhu H, Mao H, Ma Z, Wu T, Kumar AK, Kathera C, Janardhan A, Pan F, Hu Z, Yang Y, Luo L, Guo Z. Synergistic antitumor effect of combined paclitaxel with FEN1 inhibitor in cervical cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 63:1-9. [PMID: 29358095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on cervical cancer are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes. As a major anticancer drug for cervical cancer, paclitaxel has been used for many years in clinical therapy but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by common obstacle from cancer cells. The enhanced DNA repair pathways of cancer cells have been proved to survive DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic drug. Inhibitors of specific DNA repair pathway can sensitize cancer cells to the treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper we found that the effect of paclitaxel can be significantly improved when used in combination with FEN1 inhibitor SC13, suggesting a synergistic mechanism between the two compounds. Our studies suggest that FEN1 inhibition could be a novel strategy of tumor-targeting therapy for cervical cancer. Our work also revealed that paclitaxel demonstrates stronger synergistic effect with SC13 than other common used chemical drugs such as doxorubicin, carboplatin or camptothecin on cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiwen Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chandrasekhar Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Avilala Janardhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | | | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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46
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Zhang K, Keymeulen S, Nelson R, Tong TR, Yuan YC, Yun X, Liu Z, Lopez J, Raz DJ, Kim JY. Overexpression of Flap Endonuclease 1 Correlates with Enhanced Proliferation and Poor Prognosis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:242-251. [PMID: 29037854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays a crucial role in both DNA replication and damage repair. In this study, FEN1 expression and its clinical-pathologic significance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis identified that both FEN1 mRNA and protein were highly overexpressed in about 36% of 136 cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues, in which FEN1 was generally undetectable. Notably, patients with FEN1-overexpressed cancers were prone to have poor differentiation and poor prognosis. A strong positive correlation between the levels of FEN1 and Ki-67 staining was identified in these NSCLC tissues (r = 0.485), suggesting overexpressed FEN1 conferred a proliferative advantage to NSCLC. Furthermore, knockdown of FEN1 resulted in G1/S or G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and suppressed in vitro cellular proliferation in NSCLC cancer cells. Consistently, a selective FEN1 inhibitor was shown to effectively inhibit cellular proliferation of NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, knockdown of FEN1 significantly attenuated homologous DNA repair efficiency and enhanced cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Taken together, these findings have indicated that overexpressed FEN1 represents a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Sawa Keymeulen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Rebecca Nelson
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Tommy R Tong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xinwei Yun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Zheng Liu
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joshua Lopez
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jae Y Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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47
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Phosphate steering by Flap Endonuclease 1 promotes 5'-flap specificity and incision to prevent genome instability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15855. [PMID: 28653660 PMCID: PMC5490271 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication and repair enzyme Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is vital for genome integrity, and FEN1 mutations arise in multiple cancers. FEN1 precisely cleaves single-stranded (ss) 5′-flaps one nucleotide into duplex (ds) DNA. Yet, how FEN1 selects for but does not incise the ss 5′-flap was enigmatic. Here we combine crystallographic, biochemical and genetic analyses to show that two dsDNA binding sites set the 5′polarity and to reveal unexpected control of the DNA phosphodiester backbone by electrostatic interactions. Via ‘phosphate steering’, basic residues energetically steer an inverted ss 5′-flap through a gateway over FEN1’s active site and shift dsDNA for catalysis. Mutations of these residues cause an 18,000-fold reduction in catalytic rate in vitro and large-scale trinucleotide (GAA)n repeat expansions in vivo, implying failed phosphate-steering promotes an unanticipated lagging-strand template-switch mechanism during replication. Thus, phosphate steering is an unappreciated FEN1 function that enforces 5′-flap specificity and catalysis, preventing genomic instability. Flap Endonuclease 1 is a DNA replication and repair enzyme indispensable for maintaining genomic stability. Here the authors provide mechanistic details on how FEN1 selects for 5′-flaps and promotes catalysis to avoid large-scale repeat expansion by a process termed ‘phosphate steering’.
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48
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Ward TA, McHugh PJ, Durant ST. Small molecule inhibitors uncover synthetic genetic interactions of human flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) with DNA damage response genes. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628639 PMCID: PMC5476263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure selective endonuclease required for proficient DNA replication and the repair of DNA damage. Cellularly active inhibitors of this enzyme have previously been shown to induce a DNA damage response and, ultimately, cell death. High-throughput screens of human cancer cell-lines identify colorectal and gastric cell-lines with microsatellite instability (MSI) as enriched for cellular sensitivity to N-hydroxyurea series inhibitors of FEN1, but not the PARP inhibitor olaparib or other inhibitors of the DNA damage response. This sensitivity is due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FEN1 and MRE11A, which is often mutated in MSI cancers through instabilities at a poly(T) microsatellite repeat. Disruption of ATM is similarly synthetic lethal with FEN1 inhibition, suggesting that disruption of FEN1 function leads to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. These are likely a result of the accumulation of aberrant replication forks, that accumulate as a consequence of a failure in Okazaki fragment maturation, as inhibition of FEN1 is toxic in cells disrupted for the Fanconi anemia pathway and post-replication repair. Furthermore, RAD51 foci accumulate as a consequence of FEN1 inhibition and the toxicity of FEN1 inhibitors increases in cells disrupted for the homologous recombination pathway, suggesting a role for homologous recombination in the resolution of damage induced by FEN1 inhibition. Finally, FEN1 appears to be required for the repair of damage induced by olaparib and cisplatin within the Fanconi anemia pathway, and may play a role in the repair of damage associated with its own disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Ward
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
| | - Peter J. McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Durant
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Little Chesterford, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
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He L, Luo L, Zhu H, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wu H, Sun H, Jiang F, Kathera CS, Liu L, Zhuang Z, Chen H, Pan F, Hu Z, Zhang J, Guo Z. FEN1 promotes tumor progression and confers cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:640-654. [PMID: 28371273 PMCID: PMC5467497 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells, which remains a challenge in cancer therapeutics. In this work, we found that flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is overexpressed in lung cancer cells. FEN1 is a major component of the base excision repair pathway for DNA repair systems and plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability through DNA replication and repair. We showed that FEN1 is critical for the rapid proliferation of lung cancer cells. Suppression of FEN1 resulted in decreased DNA replication and accumulation of DNA damage, which subsequently induced apoptosis. Manipulating the amount of FEN1 altered the response of lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. A small‐molecule inhibitor (C20) was used to target FEN1 and this enhanced the therapeutic effect of cisplatin. The FEN1 inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced DNA damage in lung cancer cells. In mouse models, the FEN1 inhibitor sensitized lung cancer cells to a DNA damage‐inducing agent and efficiently suppressed cancer progression in combination with cisplatin treatment. Our study suggests that targeting FEN1 may be a novel and efficient strategy for a tumor‐targeting therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chandra S Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziheng Zhuang
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
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50
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He L, Zhang Y, Sun H, Jiang F, Yang H, Wu H, Zhou T, Hu S, Kathera CS, Wang X, Chen H, Li H, Shen B, Zhu Y, Guo Z. Targeting DNA Flap Endonuclease 1 to Impede Breast Cancer Progression. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:32-43. [PMID: 27852524 PMCID: PMC5161424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays critical roles in maintaining genome stability and integrity by participating in both DNA replication and repair. Suppression of FEN1 in cells leads to the retardation of DNA replication and accumulation of unrepaired DNA intermediates, resulting in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptosis. Therefore, targeting FEN1 could serve as a potent strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that FEN1 is overexpressed in breast cancers and is essential for rapid proliferation of cancer cells. We showed that manipulating FEN1 levels in cells alters the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we identified a small molecular compound, SC13 that specifically inhibits FEN1 activity, thereby interfering with DNA replication and repair in vitro and in cells. SC13 suppresses cancer cell proliferation and induces chromosome instability and cytotoxicity in cells. Importantly, SC13 sensitizes cancer cells to DNA damage-inducing therapeutic modalities and impedes cancer progression in a mouse model. These findings could establish a paradigm for the treatment of breast cancer and other cancers as well. FEN1 is overexpressed in cancer cells and essential for cancer cell growth; Down regulation of FEN1 leads to retarded cell growth and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents; SC13, a FEN1 specific inhibitor, inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in xenograft tumor mice. Most anticancer agents used in clinic today kill cells by interfering DNA replication or inducing DNA damage, which in turn lead to cell apoptosis. However, cancer cells have evolved a compilation of highly effective DNA replication and repair systems to meet up the requirement of rapidly dividing of cancer cells and protect DNA against both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage. FEN1 has been shown to be an important factor in both DNA replication and repair pathways, making FEN1 a logical target for developing anticancer drugs as stand-alone agents for treating cancers that rely on its activity and as a therapy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that cause DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sencai Hu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Isotope Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Center for New Drug Research & Development, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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