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Kovács PT, Mayer T, Csizmarik A, Váradi M, Oláh C, Széles Á, Tschirdewahn S, Krafft U, Hadaschik B, Nyirády P, Riesz P, Szarvas T. Elevated Pre-Treatment Serum MMP-7 Levels Are Associated with the Presence of Metastasis and Poor Survival in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030698. [PMID: 35327500 PMCID: PMC8945654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare cancer with a barely predictable clinical behaviour. Serum MMP-7 is a validated prognostic marker in urothelial bladder cancer, a tumour entity with large clinical, histological, and molecular similarity to UTUC. The serum MMP-7 levels have not yet been investigated in UTUC. In the present study, we determined MMP-7 concentrations in an overall number of 103 serum samples from 57 UTUC patients who underwent surgical or systemic (platinum or immune checkpoint inhibitor) therapy by using the ELISA method. In addition to pre-treatment samples, the serum samples collected at predefined time points after or during therapy were also investigated. Serum MMP-7 concentrations were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. Our results revealed significantly, two-fold elevated pre-treatment serum MMP-7 levels in metastatic cases of UTUC in both the radical surgery- and the chemotherapy-treated cohorts (p = 0.045 and p = 0.040, respectively). In addition, high serum MMP-7 levels significantly decreased after radical surgery, and high pre-treatment MMP-7 concentrations were associated with shorter survival both in the surgery- and chemotherapy-treated cohorts (p = 0.029 and p = 0.001, respectively). Our results revealed pre-treatment serum MMP-7 as a prognostic marker for UTUC, which may help to improve preoperative risk-stratification and thereby improve therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Terézia Kovács
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Tamás Mayer
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Anita Csizmarik
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Melinda Váradi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Csilla Oláh
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (S.T.); (U.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Ádám Széles
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (S.T.); (U.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Ulrich Krafft
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (S.T.); (U.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (S.T.); (U.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Péter Riesz
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (P.T.K.); (T.M.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (Á.S.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (S.T.); (U.K.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Krafft U, Olah C, Reis H, Kesch C, Darr C, Grünwald V, Tschirdewahn S, Hadaschik B, Horvath O, Kenessey I, Nyirady P, Varadi M, Modos O, Csizmarik A, Szarvas T. High Serum PD-L1 Levels Are Associated with Poor Survival in Urothelial Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112548. [PMID: 34067347 PMCID: PMC8196869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels are associated with prognosis in various tumors but has not yet been investigated in advanced bladder cancer. We assessed pretreatment serum samples from 83 BC patients who received platinum chemotherapy and from 12 patients who underwent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In addition, on-treatment samples from further therapy cycles were collected during chemotherapy (n = 58) and ICI therapy (n = 11). Serum PD-L1 levels were determined using ELISA. High baseline sPD-L1 levels were associated with worse ECOG status (p = 0.007) and shorter overall survival for both chemotherapy- and ICI-treated patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.040, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed high baseline sPD-L1 level as an independent predictor of poor survival for platinum-treated patients (p = 0.002). A correlation analysis between serum concentrations of PD-L1 and matrix metalloprotease-7 (MMP-7)-a protease which was recently found to cleave PD-L1-revealed a positive correlation (p = 0.001). No significant sPD-L1 changes were detected during chemotherapy, while in contrast we found a strong, 25-fold increase in sPD-L1 levels during atezolizumab treatment. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that pretreatment sPD-L1 levels are associated with a poor prognosis of BC patients undergoing platinum and ICI therapy. Future research should prospectively address the value of sPD-L1 in predicting treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krafft
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Csilla Olah
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Claudia Kesch
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Christopher Darr
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Clinic for Urology and Clinic for Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Istvan Kenessey
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Cancer Registry and Centre for Biostatistics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Melinda Varadi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Orsolya Modos
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Anita Csizmarik
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.K.); (C.O.); (C.K.); (C.D.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (M.V.); (O.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4547
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3
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Wigner P, Grębowski R, Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J, Szemraj J. The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Bladder Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094483. [PMID: 33923108 PMCID: PMC8123426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, 550,000 people were diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC), of which nearly 200,000 people died. Moreover, men are 4 times more likely than women to be diagnosed with BC. The risk factors include exposure to environmental and occupational chemicals, especially tobacco smoke, benzidine and genetic factors. Despite numerous studies, the molecular basis of BC development remains unclear. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and angiogenesis disorders may play a significant role in the development and progression of bladder cancer. The patients with bladder cancer were characterised by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the products of lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors as compared to controls. Furthermore, it was shown that polymorphisms localised in genes associated with these pathways may modulate the risk of BC. Interestingly, ROS overproduction may induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which finally activated angiogenesis. Moreover, the available literature shows that both inflammation and oxidative stress may lead to activation of angiogenesis and tumour progression in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-85; Fax: +48-42-635-44-84
| | - Radosław Grębowski
- Department of Urology, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Plock, 09-400 Plock, Poland;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Yuan S, Wang L, Guan X. Joint Entropy-Assisted Graphene Oxide-Based Multiplexing Biosensing Platform for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Proteases. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15042-15049. [PMID: 33118812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited clinical utility of individual biomarkers, there is growing recognition of the need for combining multiple biomarkers as a panel to improve the accuracy and efficacy of disease diagnosis and prognosis. The conventional method to detect multiple analyte species is to construct a sensor array, which consists of an array of individual selective probes for different species. In this work, by using cancer biomarker matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) as model analytes and functionalized nanographene oxide (nGO) as a sensing element, we developed a multiplexing fluorescence sensor in a nonarray format for simultaneous measurement of the activities of multiple proteases. The constructed nGO-based biosensor was rapid, sensitive, and selective and was also utilized for the successful profiling of ADAMs/MMPs in simulated serum samples. Furthermore, we showed that joint entropy and programming could be utilized to guide experiment design, especially in terms of the selection of a subset of proteases from the entire MMPs/ADAMs family as an appropriate biomarker panel. Our developed nGO-based multiplex sensing platform should find useful application in early cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Shaoqing Yuan
- Amazon, 2121 Seventh Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121, United States
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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5
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Allione A, Pardini B, Viberti C, Giribaldi G, Turini S, Di Gaetano C, Guarrera S, Cordero F, Oderda M, Allasia M, Gontero P, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Matullo G. MMP23B expression and protein levels in blood and urine are associated with bladder cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1254-1263. [PMID: 30052775 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) represents a public health problem because of its high incidence/relapse rates. At present, there are no suitable biomarkers for early diagnosis or relapse/progression prognosis. To improve diagnostic accuracy and overcome the disadvantages of current diagnostic strategies, the detection of UBC biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids, such as urine, represents a promising approach compared with painful biopsies. We investigated the levels of MMP23 genes (microarray and qPCR) and protein (western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in a set of samples (blood, plasma and urine) from patients with UBC and controls as biomarkers for this cancer. MMP23B and its pseudogene MMP23A resulted downregulated in blood cells from UBC compared with controls (66 cases, 70 controls; adjusted P-value = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). In contrast, MMP23B protein levels in plasma (53 UBC, 49 controls) and urine (59 UBC, 57 controls) increased in cases, being statistically significant in urine. MMP23B dosage observed in urine samples was related to both tumor risk classification and grading. As the lack of correlation between mRNA and protein levels could be due to a posttranscriptional regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), we investigated the expression of urinary miRNAs targeting MMP23B. Five miRNAs resulted differentially expressed between cases and controls. We reported the first evidence of MMP23B secretion in plasma and urine, suggesting a role of this poorly characterized metalloproteinase in UBC as a potential non-invasive biomarker for this cancer. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of MMP23B expression by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Allione
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Viberti
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Turini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marco Oderda
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Allasia
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Mendoza-Posada DA, Ramos C, Garcia-Hernandez AA, Falfan-Valencia R. Matrix metalloproteinases participation in the metastatic process and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:57-83. [PMID: 31014516 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate from the initial phases of cancer onset to the settlement of a metastatic niche in a second organ. Their role in cancer progression is related to their involvement in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and in the regulation and processing of adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins, growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. MMPs participation in cancer progression makes them an attractive target for cancer therapy. MMPs have also been used for theranostic purposes in the detection of primary tumor and metastatic tissue in which a particular MMP is overexpressed, to follow up on therapy responses, and in the activation of cancer cytotoxic pro-drugs as part of nano-delivery-systems that increase drug concentration in a specific tumor target. Herein, we review MMPs molecular characteristics, their synthesis regulation and enzymatic activity, their participation in the metastatic process, and how their functions have been used to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Armando Garcia-Hernandez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramces Falfan-Valencia
- Laboratorio de HLA, Departamento de Inmunogenética y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Szarvas T, Nyirády P, Ogawa O, Furuya H, Rosser CJ, Kobayashi T. Urinary Protein Markers for the Detection and Prognostication of Urothelial Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:251-273. [PMID: 28889391 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance is mainly based on cystoscopy and urine cytology. However, both methods have significant limitations; urine cytology has a low sensitivity for low-grade tumors, while cystoscopy is uncomfortable for the patients. Therefore, in the last decade urine analysis was the subject of intensive research resulting in the identification of many potential biomarkers for the detection, surveillance, or prognostic stratification of bladder cancer. Current trends move toward the development of multiparametric models to improve the diagnostic accuracy compared with single molecular markers. Recent technical advances for high-throughput and more sensitive measurements have led to the development of multiplex assays showing potential for more efficient tools toward future clinical application. In this review, we focus on the findings of urinary protein research in the context of detection and prognostication of bladder cancer. Furthermore, we provide an up-to-date overview on the recommendations for the quality evaluation of published studies as well as for the conduction of future urinary biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b 1082, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Bolenz C, Knauf D, John A, Erben P, Steidler A, Schneider SW, Günes C, Gorzelanny C. Decreased Invasion of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder by Inhibition of Matrix-Metalloproteinase 7. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:67-75. [PMID: 29430508 PMCID: PMC5798526 DOI: 10.3233/blc-170124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To measure and to modulate the invasive potential of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) cells in a standardized preclinical setting using broad-spectrum matrix-metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibitors and specific targeting of MMP7. Materials and Methods: MMP expression levels in UCB cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and gel zymographies of cell supernatants (MMP9, MMP2 and MMP1) and cell lysates (MMP7). The invasiveness of human UCB cells (HT1197 and T24/83) and human benign urothelial cells (UROtsa) was modulated by a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor (4-Aminobenzoyl-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala hydroxamic acid; AHA) and by MMP7 specific siRNAs. MMP7 knockdown efficiency was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Invasive potential of UCB cells was measured by a standardized trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. Results: Different MMP secretion profiles were measured in UCB cells. The active form of MMP7 was exclusively detected in HT1197 cells. Characteristic TEER breakdown patterns were observed in UCB cells when compared to benign cells. Invasive potentials were significantly higher in HT1197 cells than in T24/83 and in UROtsa cells [14.8±5.75 vs. 1.5±0.56 and 1.2±0.15, respectively; p < 0.01]. AHA treatment reduced the invasive potential of HT1197 cells. Also the specific downregulation of MMP7 by siRNA lowered the HT1197 cell invasiveness [20±1.0 vs. 16±2.8; p < 0.05]. Neither AHA nor MMP-7 siRNA transfection altered the invasive potential of T24/83 cells. Conclusions: Invasion of UCB is partially dependent on MMPs. Specific targeting of MMP7 by siRNA reduces the invasive potential in a subgroup of UCB cells. Therefore, MMP7 represents a potential therapeutic target which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Knauf
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel John
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Steidler
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Experimental Dermatology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Solute carrier family 12 member 5 promotes tumor invasion/metastasis of bladder urothelial carcinoma by enhancing NF-κB/MMP-7 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2691. [PMID: 28333147 PMCID: PMC5386524 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 12 member 5 (SLC12A5), an integral membrane KCl cotransporter, which maintains chloride homeostasis in neurons, is aberrantly expressed and involved in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological role of SLC12A5 in human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains unclear. In this study, the expression of SLC12A5 was examined in clinical specimens of primary BUC and in BUC cell lines using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prognostic value of SLC12A5 expression and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of patients with BUC were analyzed statistically. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to elucidate the effect of SLC12A5 in BUC and its underlying mechanisms. The present results showed that SLC12A5 expression was significantly increased in BUC tissues. SLC12A5 expression significantly correlated with the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that high SLC12A5 expression was associated with poor survival in patients with BUC. Multivariate analysis indicated that SLC12A5 expression was an independent prognostic marker for the survival of patients. Downregulation of SLC12A5 inhibited the migratory and invasive abilities of BUC cells in vitro, and knocking down SLC12A5 diminished BUC metastasis in vivo. Moreover, we identified that SLC12A5 promoted the migration and invasion of BUC by enhancing MMP-7 expression via NF-κB-dependent transcription. Taken together, our findings indicated that SLC12A5 might function as a tumor metastasis promoting factor in the development and progression of BUC by regulating the NF-κB/MMP-7 signaling pathway. Thus, SLC12A5 might be a prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for BUC.
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Fus ŁP, Górnicka B. Role of angiogenesis in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Cent European J Urol 2016; 69:258-263. [PMID: 27729991 PMCID: PMC5057050 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2016.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract malignancy in western countries. In recent years, extensive research has suggested that angiogenesis plays an important role in bladder cancer biology, contributing to tumor growth and progression. Material and methods In this review, we discuss general mechanisms of angiogenesis and highlight the influence of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, and cancer stem cells on bladder cancer biology, their relation to disease progression, and potential use in novel targeted therapies. Results Expression of a number of proangiogenic factors, including HIF-1, VEGF, bFGF, IL-8 and MMPs, as well as anti-angiogenic factor TSP-1, was found to be altered in bladder tumors. Involvement of cancer stem cells in bladder cancer development was also proposed. Conclusions High expression of most pro-angiogenic factors correlated with disease progression and shorter patient survival, but discrepancies between studies urge us to continue evaluating the significance of angiogenesis in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Piotr Fus
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Gogalic S, Sauer U, Doppler S, Preininger C. Bladder cancer biomarker array to detect aberrant levels of proteins in urine. Analyst 2015; 140:724-35. [PMID: 25427191 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a serious malignancy of the urinary tract worldwide and also prominent for its high rate of recurrence incorporating 50% of all treated patients. To reduce relapse of BCa, lifelong surveillance of patients is essential leading to high treatment costs. The gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer is cystoscopy. It is very sensitive, but due to high costs and its invasive nature this method for routine diagnosis of bladder cancer remains questionable. Because of this and the required surveillance of patients suffering from bladder cancer, urine based markers represent a new potential field of investigation. Literature at the National Center of Biological Information (NCBI) was retrieved for a potential marker panel offering specific protein signatures and used to develop a sensitive and accurate chip assay to monitor BCa. Discovery of possible bladder cancer protein markers is compiled by extensive literature search including 1077 recently (15.01.2008-20.03.2014) published research articles. Validation of this literature is done by selection based on prior defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A set of six putative biomarkers (VEGF, IL-8, MMP-9, MMP-7, survivin and Cyfra 21.1) was identified and a non-invasive microarray developed to be used for further clinical validation. Investigation regarding optimized urine preparation and assay development, to enhance assay sensitivity for the marker panel, was carried out. This protein based BCa chip enables the fast (within 5 h), simultaneous, easy to operate, cheap, early and non-invasive determination of BCa and is ready for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gogalic
- Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Musiał K, Bargenda A, Zwolińska D. Urine matrix metalloproteinases and their extracellular inducer EMMPRIN in children with chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2015; 37:980-4. [PMID: 25945606 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in CKD-related tissue remodeling. However, there are no data on urine MMPs and their extracellular inducer EMMPRIN in CKD patients. The aim of study was to assess the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 in serum and urine of CKD children and to analyze the potential relations between those parameters. METHODS Forty-one pre-dialysis CKD children and 23 age-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The concentrations of analyzed parameters were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Serum and urine values of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 were significantly elevated in CKD patients versus controls. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in urine correlated significantly with the corresponding values in serum, whereas MMP-7, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 urine concentrations did not. There were also significant correlations between urine values of all parameters. CONCLUSIONS The increased urine levels of MMPs, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 indicate enhanced proteolysis and renal tissue remodeling. In the case of MMP-7, EMMPRIN and TGFbeta1 those disturbances seem independent of enhanced serum activity of the corresponding enzymes. The urine MMP-7 and EMMPRIN concentrations may serve as new independent indices of tissue remodeling and renal interstitial fibrosis in children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bargenda
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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El Demery M, Demirdjian-Sarkissian G, Thezenas S, Jacot W, Laghzali Y, Darbouret B, Culine S, Rebillard X, Lamy PJ. Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 is an independent prognostic biomarker in advanced bladder cancer. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:31. [PMID: 25984271 PMCID: PMC4410142 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urine markers have been studied extensively but there is a lack of blood prognostic markers in bladder cancer. MMP-7 is produced by stromal cells and by tumor cells and is overexpressed in a variety of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. In this study, we assessed with an immunoassay we developed, the prognostic value of serum MMP-7 in a series of patients with advanced bladder cancer. Methods Serum samples were collected from 56 patients with advanced bladder cancer who were treated at the Montpellier Cancer Institute between March 2003 and December 2004. MMP-7 was quantified in serum samples by using a homogeneous sandwich fluoroimmunoassay we developed based on the time resolved amplified cryptate emission (TRACE) technology. Results The median overall survival of the study population was 2.2 years (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.0) with 1- and 5-year survival rates of 73% (95% CI, 59% to 82%) and 25% (95% CI, 14% to 37%), respectively. High MMP-7 serum levels were associated with poor survival. Using a cut-off value of 11.5 ng/mL, the median overall survival was 3.0 years (95% CI, 1.5 to 5.1) for patients with MMP-7 serum level <11.5 ng/mL and 1.3 years (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.5) for patients with serum level ?11.5 ng/mL. Multivariate analysis identified high MMP-7 serum concentration as an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with advanced bladder cancer (R?=?2.1, 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4). Conclusions Our results show that the MMP-7 serum concentration is an independent prognostic factor in patients with locally advanced and or metastatic bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira El Demery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cap d¿Or Clinic, La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | | | - Simon Thezenas
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d¿Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d¿Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Yassine Laghzali
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d¿Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Darbouret
- Clinical Diagnostic Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Nimes, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d¿Aurelle, Montpellier, 34298, France
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14
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Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Lotan Y, Daneshmand S, Rieken M, Karakiewicz PI, Shariat SF. Blood- and tissue-based biomarkers for prediction of outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:230-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Wieczorek E, Reszka E, Wasowicz W, Grzegorczyk A, Konecki T, Sosnowski M, Jablonowski Z. MMP7 and MMP8 genetic polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients. Cent European J Urol 2014; 66:405-10. [PMID: 24757528 PMCID: PMC3992442 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2013.04.art3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breakdown of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as we know, is one of mechanisms involved and required in tumor invasion. MMP7 is a negative prognostic factor of various malignances, while MMP8 exhibits an inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis and metastasis. We evaluated the potential association of functional polymorphisms in the promoter of the MMP7 (rs11568818) and MMP8 (rs11225395) genes and bladder cancer (BCa) risk. Materials and methods The study included 241 BCa cases and 199 healthy population controls that were collected at the First Department of Urology, Medical University (Łódź, Poland) and at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (Łódź, Poland). Genomic DNA samples were isolated from venous blood and genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by real–time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan fluorescent probes. Associations between genotype and allele status were estimated by logistic regression models adjusted for classic risk factors (e.g. age, gender and cigarette smoking). Results MMP7 and MMP8 genotypes were distributed similarly in BCa patients and in controls and at least one variant allele was not associated with BCa cancer risk (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.60–1.39; p = 0.662 for MMP7 and OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.63–1.46; p = 0.836 for MMP8). We observed higher prevalence of MMP7 GG genotypes among BCa patients than in controls (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.93–2.55; p = 0.093). Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the MMP7 and MMP8 were not associated with the tumor grade or stage. Conclusions Our results suggest that genetic variations in two genes encoding members of the MMP7 and MMP8 are not associated with a risk of BCa in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Konecki
- 1 Department of Urology, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
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Jäger T, Tschirdewahn S, vom Dorp F, Piechotta G, Rübben H, Szarvas T. MMP-7-Bestimmung im Urin basierend auf Siliziumchiptechnologie. Urologe A 2013; 52:853-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-3110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2012; 6:402-16. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e3283573126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodriguez Faba O, Palou-Redorta J, Fernández-Gómez JM, Algaba F, Eiró N, Villavicencio H, Vizoso FJ. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Bladder Cancer: What is New? ISRN UROLOGY 2012; 2012:581539. [PMID: 22852097 PMCID: PMC3407627 DOI: 10.5402/2012/581539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer represents a heterogeneous disease with divergent pathways of tumorigenesis. Tumor invasion and progression are a multifactorial process promoted by microenvironmental changes that include overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent data clearly challenge the classic dogma that MMPs promote metastasis only by modulating the remodeling of extracellular matrix. Indeed, MMPs have also been attributed as an impact on tumor cell behavior in vivo as a consequence of their ability to cleave growth factors, cell surface receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and chemokines/cytokines. Levels of the different MMPs can be measured in several sample types, including tissue, blood (serum and plasma), and urine, and using different methodologies, such as immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western and northern blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymography. Several MMPs have been identified as having potential diagnostic or prognostic utility, whether alone or in combination with cytology. Although MMP inhibitors have shown limited efficacy, advances in the understanding of the complex physiologic and pathologic roles of MMPs might permit the development of new MMP-specific and tumor-specific therapies. In this paper we update the understanding of MMPs based on a systematic PubMed search encompassing papers published up to December 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rodriguez Faba
- Department of Urology, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08025 Fundació Puigvert, Spain
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Rink M, Cha EK, Green D, Hansen J, Robinson BD, Lotan Y, Sagalowsky AI, Chun FK, Karakiewicz PI, Fisch M, Scherr DS, Shariat SF. Biomolecular Predictors of Urothelial Cancer Behavior and Treatment Outcomes. Curr Urol Rep 2012; 13:122-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-012-0237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Szarvas T, László V, Vom Dorp F, Reis H, Szendröi A, Romics I, Tilki D, Rübben H, Ergün S. Serum endostatin levels correlate with enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and poor patients' prognosis in bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2922-9. [PMID: 21815140 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endostatin, the proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Interestingly, elevated circulating endostatin levels have been found to correlate with poor patients' prognosis in several cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of endostatin in bladder cancer (BC) and to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in its production. This retrospective study included a total of 337 patients with BC and 103 controls. Collagen XVIII gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR (n = 82). Endostatin tissue localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry (n = 27). Endostatin serum (n = 87) and urine (n = 153) levels were determined by ELISA. In 12 cases, both serum and paraffinized tissue samples from the same patients were available. We found decreased collagen XVIII tissue expression and increased endostatin urine and serum concentration in samples of patients with BC compared to controls. High serum endostatin levels correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases and MMP-7 concentrations and were independently associated with poor metastasis-free and disease-specific survival. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong endostatin staining in the wall of tumor associated blood vessels in superficial but not in muscle-invasive BCs. Based on these, we concluded that elevated endostatin levels in patients with BC are the consequence of enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and are independent from collagen XVIII expression. Furthermore, serum endostatin levels may provide prognostic information independent from histopathological parameters and may therefore help to optimize therapy decisions. Loss of endostatin expression in tumor associated blood vessels might represent an important step supporting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
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Szarvas T, vom Dorp F, Ergün S, Rübben H. Matrix metalloproteinases and their clinical relevance in urinary bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2011; 8:241-54. [PMID: 21487384 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have important roles in several cancer-supporting cellular processes, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. This broad range of activity has led to considerable interest in the use of MMPs in the clinical setting as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Levels of the different MMPs can be measured in several sample types, including paraffin-embedded or fresh frozen tissue, serum, plasma and urine, and by various analytical methodologies, such as immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western and northern blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and zymography. Several MMPs have been identified as having potential diagnostic or prognostic utility, whether alone or in combination with currently available diagnostic tests or imaging modalities. Although the early broad-spectrum anti-MMP agents showed a lack of efficacy, our continually improving understanding of the complex physiologic and pathologic roles of MMPs might enable the development of new MMP-specific and tumor-specific therapies. Accordingly, MMPs will continue to be the subjects of intensive research in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Szarvas T, Jäger T, Becker M, Tschirdewahn S, Niedworok C, Kovalszky I, Rübben H, Ergün S, vom Dorp F. Validation of Circulating MMP-7 Level as an Independent Prognostic Marker of Poor Survival in Urinary Bladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:325-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bladder cancer: Noninvasive detection of advanced disease using MMPs. Nat Rev Urol 2010; 7:592. [PMID: 21113992 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2010.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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