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Zhu J, Zhao C, Kharman-Biz A, Zhuang T, Jonsson P, Liang N, Williams C, Lin CY, Qiao Y, Zendehdel K, Strömblad S, Treuter E, Dahlman-Wright K. The atypical ubiquitin ligase RNF31 stabilizes estrogen receptor α and modulates estrogen-stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 2014; 33:4340-51. [PMID: 24441041 PMCID: PMC4141304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is initially expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression by regulating the transcription of genes linked to cell proliferation. ERα status is of clinical importance, as ERα-positive breast cancers can be successfully treated by adjuvant therapy with antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors. Complications arise from the frequent development of drug resistance that might be caused by multiple alterations, including components of ERα signaling, during tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, insights into the molecular mechanisms that control ERα expression and stability are of utmost importance to improve breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we report that the atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF31 stabilizes ERα and facilitates ERα-stimulated proliferation in breast cancer cell lines. We show that depletion of RNF31 decreases the number of cells in the S phase and reduces the levels of ERα and its downstream target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Analysis of data from clinical samples confirms correlation between RNF31 expression and the expression of ERα target genes. Immunoprecipitation indicates that RNF31 associates with ERα and increases its stability and mono-ubiquitination, dependent on the ubiquitin ligase activity of RNF31. Our data suggest that association of RNF31 and ERα occurs mainly in the cytosol, consistent with the lack of RNF31 recruitment to ERα-occupied promoters. In conclusion, our study establishes a non-genomic mechanism by which RNF31 via stabilizing ERα levels controls the transcription of estrogen-dependent genes linked to breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Kharman-Biz
- 1] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden [2] Cancer Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Zhuang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Jonsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Liang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Williams
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Qiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Woo MG, Xue K, Liu J, McBride H, Tsang BK. Calpain-mediated processing of p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (PARC) affects chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells by promoting p53 subcellular trafficking. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3963-75. [PMID: 22117079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapy is a major hurdle to the successful treatment of human ovarian cancer (OVCA), and the chemoresistant phenotype in OVCA cells is associated with Akt-attenuated p53-mediated apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic functions of p53 involve both transcription-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, and dysfunctional localization and/or inactivation of p53 contribute to the development of chemoresistance. PARC is a cytoplasmic protein regulating p53 subcellular localization and subsequent function. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating PARC. Although PARC contains putative caspase-3 cleavage sites, and CDDP is known to induce the activation of caspases and calpains and induce proteasomal degradation of anti-apoptotic proteins, if and how PARC is regulated by CDDP in OVCA are unknown. Here, we present evidence that CDDP promotes calpain-mediated PARC down-regulation, mitochondrial and nuclear p53 accumulation, and apoptosis in chemosensitive but not resistant OVCA cells. Inhibition of Akt is required to sensitize chemoresistant cells to CDDP in a p53-dependent manner, an effect enhanced by PARC down-regulation. CDDP-induced PARC down-regulation is reversible by inhibition of calpain but not of caspases or the 26 S proteasome. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirm the ability of calpain in mediating Ca(2+)-dependent PARC down-regulation. The role of Ca(2+) in PARC down-regulation was further confirmed as ionomycin-induced PARC down-regulation in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. The data presented here implicate the regulation of p53 subcellular localization and apoptosis by PARC as a contributing factor in CDDP resistance in OVCA cells and Ca(2+)/calpain in PARC post-translational processing and chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Woo
- Reproductive Biology Unit and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada
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Abdel-Hamid IA, Anis T. Peyronie's disease: perspectives on therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:913-29. [PMID: 21492024 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.577419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired benign connective tissue disorder of the penis, characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques, that can cause different degrees of bending, narrowing or shortening. Medical treatment for PD remains a major challenge. Impressive progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis has uncovered several promising molecular targets for antifibrotic treatments. AREAS COVERED This review covers the literature pertaining to the exploration of therapeutic targets for PD. The search included: i) a MEDLINE search from 1941 to January 2011, limited to English-language medical literature, ii) relevant abstracts from 2009 and 2010, iii) relevant textbooks and iv) a pipeline search for therapeutics in development. EXPERT OPINION Rapid translational research depends on our ability to develop rational therapies targeted to penile tunical fibrosis, which necessitate a sound knowledge of the biology, biochemistry and the physiological role of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and stem cells in PD. Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of PD. Although there are many interesting therapeutic targets, we are confronted with some questions when identifying new targets, or when validating potential therapeutic options.
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