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Zendehboudi M, Vesal N. Comparison of cardiopulmonary effects of propofol, ketamine-propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:449-457. [PMID: 39142984 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of propofol, ketamine-propofol and isoflurane, at similar anesthetic depth, on cardiopulmonary variables in unpremedictated chickens. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental trial. ANIMALS A total of 10 male Leghorn domestic chickens, aged 3 months and body mass 1.4-2.0 kg. METHODS Birds were randomly assigned to each of three anesthetic protocols, 7 days apart: intravenous propofol, intravenous ketamine-propofol or isoflurane. Anesthesia was induced (indicated by loss of righting reflex and tracheal intubation) and maintained with propofol (10 mg kg-1 minute-1, then 1.1 mg kg-1 minute-1), ketamine-propofol (5 mg mL-1 ketamine and 5 mg mL-1 propofol combined; 10 mg kg-1 minute-1, then 1.1 mg kg-1 minute-1) or isoflurane [5% vaporizer setting initially, then end-tidal concentration (Fe'Iso) of 2%] for 65 minutes. Anesthesia was maintained at a similar anesthetic depth based upon positive or negative responses to toe pinch. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), noninvasive arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases were measured during anesthesia. Propofol or ketamine-propofol infusion rates and Fe'Iso required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus and recovery times were recorded. RESULTS Anesthesia induction dose was 9.0 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) and 12.2 ± 0.3 mg kg-1 for propofol and ketamine-propofol, respectively. Propofol and ketamine-propofol infusion rates and Fe'Iso required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.88 ± 0.14 mg kg-1 minute-1, 0.92 ± 0.14 mg kg-1 minute-1 and 1.45 ± 0.28%, respectively. Cardiopulmonary variables remained clinically acceptable, but ketamine-propofol was associated with a significantly higher HR (p = 0.0001) and lower fR (p = 0.0001). Time to extubation did not differ among treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were maintained within normal ranges in all treatments. Coadministration of ketamine with propofol significantly reduced the induction and maintenance dose of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Zendehboudi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Vesal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mofidi A, Vesal N. Total intravenous anesthesia with Ketofol in rabbits: a comparison of the effects of constant rate infusion of midazolam, fentanyl or dexmedetomidine. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:253. [PMID: 38851722 PMCID: PMC11161920 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When inhalant anesthetic equipment is not available or during upper airway surgery, intravenous infusion of one or more drugs are commonly used to induce and/or maintain general anesthesia. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) does not require endotracheal intubation, which may be more difficult to achieve in rabbits. A range of different injectable drug combinations have been used as continuous infusion rate in animals. Recently, a combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) has been used for TIVA in both human patients and animals. The purpose of this prospective, blinded, randomized, crossover study was to evaluate anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of ketofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in combination with constant rate infusion (CRI) of midazolam, fentanyl or dexmedetomidine in eight New Zealand White rabbits. Following IV induction with ketofol and endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with ketofol infusion in combination with CRIs of midazolam (loading dose [LD]: 0.3 mg/kg; CRI: 0.3 mg/kg/hr; KPM), fentanyl (LD: 6 µg/kg; CRI: 6 µg/kg/hr; KPF) or dexmedetomidine (LD: 3 µg/kg; CRI: 3 µg/kg/hr; KPD). Rabbits in the control treatment (KPS) were administered the same volume of saline for LD and CRI. Ketofol infusion rate (initially 0.6 mg kg- 1 minute- 1 [0.3 mg kg- 1 minute- 1 of each drug]) was adjusted to suppress the pedal withdrawal reflex. Ketofol dose and physiologic variables were recorded every 5 min. RESULTS Ketofol induction doses were 14.9 ± 1.8 (KPM), 15.0 ± 1.9 (KPF), 15.5 ± 2.4 (KPD) and 14.7 ± 3.4 (KPS) mg kg- 1 and did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). Ketofol infusion rate decreased significantly in rabbits in treatments KPM and KPD as compared with saline. Ketofol maintenance dose in rabbits in treatments KPM (1.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min) and KPD (1.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min) was significantly lower as compared to KPS (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min) treatment (p < 0.05). Ketofol maintenance dose did not differ significantly between treatments KPF (1.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg/min) and KPS (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min). Cardiovascular variables remained at clinically acceptable values but ketofol infusion in combination with fentanyl CRI was associated with severe respiratory depression. CONCLUSIONS At the studied doses, CRIs of midazolam and dexmedetomidine, but not fentanyl, produced ketofol-sparing effect in rabbits. Mechanical ventilation should be considered during ketofol anesthesia, particularly when fentanyl CRI is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Mofidi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-69155, Iran
| | - Nasser Vesal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-69155, Iran.
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Trenholme HN. Sedation and Anesthesia in Exotic Animal Critical Care. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023:S1094-9194(23)00021-X. [PMID: 37349182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Sedation and anesthesia of exotic animals in inherently challenging, but often facilitates the best care for patients. Critical illness or injury adds on another layer of complexity to their management for obtaining diagnostics and providing treatments. This article serves to review some of the more recent literature of sedation and anesthesia within exotics practice, bringing to light some nuances and considerations for when those patients are critically ill or injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nicole Trenholme
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, LAC 251, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Hashemi SR, Vesal N. Ketamine-propofol for total intravenous anaesthesia in rabbits: a comparison of premedication with acepromazine-medetomidine, acepromazine-midazolam or acepromazine-morphine. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:263-272. [PMID: 36894406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe ketamine-propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) following premedication with acepromazine and either medetomidine, midazolam or morphine in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, crossover experimental study. ANIMALS A total of six healthy female New Zealand White rabbits (2.2 ± 0.3 kg). METHODS Rabbits were anaesthetized on four occasions, each separated by 7 days: an intramuscular injection of saline alone (treatment Saline) or acepromazine (0.5 mg kg-1) in combination with medetomidine (0.1 mg kg-1), midazolam (1 mg kg-1) or morphine (1 mg kg-1), treatments AME, AMI or AMO, respectively, in random order. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with a mixture containing ketamine (5 mg mL-1) and propofol (5 mg mL-1) (ketofol). Each trachea was intubated and the rabbit administered oxygen during spontaneous ventilation. Ketofol infusion rate was initially 0.4 mg kg-1 minute-1 (0.2 mg kg-1 minute-1 of each drug) and was adjusted to maintain adequate anaesthetic depth based on clinical assessment. Ketofol dose and physiological variables were recorded every 5 minutes. Quality of sedation, intubation and recovery times were recorded. RESULTS Ketofol induction doses decreased significantly in treatments AME (7.9 ± 2.3) and AMI (8.9 ± 4.0) compared with treatment Saline (16.8 ± 3.2 mg kg-1) (p < 0.05). The total ketofol dose to maintain anaesthesia was significantly lower in treatments AME, AMI and AMO (0.6 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.1 mg kg-1 minute-1, respectively) than in treatment Saline (1.2 ± 0.2 mg kg-1 minute-1) (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular variables remained at clinically acceptable values, but all treatments caused some degree of hypoventilation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Premedication with AME, AMI and AMO, at the doses studied, significantly decreased the maintenance dose of ketofol infusion in rabbits. Ketofol was determined to be a clinically acceptable combination for TIVA in premedicated rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Hashemi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Vesal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sun TC, Bellei M, Robinson A, Martinez‐Taboada F. Ketofol: A ketamine‐propofol admixture for induction of anaesthesia in two foals. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsim Christopher Sun
- Department of Anaesthesia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Maria Bellei
- Scone Equine Hospital Scone New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Fernando Martinez‐Taboada
- Department of Anaesthesia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
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Li H, Liu Y, Tang S, Hu J, Wu Q, Wei Y, Niu M. Carbonic Anhydrase III Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis and Activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Cell Line. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:914-926. [PMID: 34387844 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia can cause insufficient oxygen and functional damage to myocardial cells. Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) has been found to be closely related to the abnormality of cardiomyocytes. To investigate the role of CAIII in the apoptosis of myocytes under hypoxic conditions and facilitate the strategy for treating hypoxia-induced damage, in vitro experiments in H9c2 were employed. The protein expression of CAIII in H9c2 cells after hypoxia or normoxia treatment was determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT assay was employed for cells viability measurement and LDH release was monitored. The apoptotic cells were observed using immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometric analysis, and TUNEL assay. CAIII-overexpression or -knockdown cells were constructed to determine the role of CAIII in regulating apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and anti-apoptosis pathway PI3K/Akt/mTOR. The mRNA levels of CAIII and genes related to CAIII synthesis including REN, IGHM, APOBEC 3F, and SKOR2 were significantly upregulated in hypoxia fetal sheep. The expression of CAIII protein and content of apoptotic H9c2 cells were increased at 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after hypoxia treatment. Overexpression of CAIII significantly upregulated Bcl2 level and downregulated Bax and caspase-3 cleavage levels, while its knockdown led to the contrary results. Overexpressed CAIII promoted the HIF-1α level and activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings revealed that CAIII could protect cell from hypoxia-apoptosis of H9c2 cells, in which, activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yibin Liu
- Ultrasonic Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Cardiac Ultrasonic Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116 Huanghe Road, Shayibake District, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
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Eastwood MP, Joyeux L, Pranpanus S, Van der Merwe J, Verbeken E, De Vleeschauwer S, Gayan-Ramirez G, Deprest J. A growing animal model for neonatal repair of large diaphragmatic defects to evaluate patch function and outcome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174332. [PMID: 28358826 PMCID: PMC5373533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to develop a more representative model for neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair in a large animal model, by creating a large defect in a fast-growing pup, using functional pulmonary and diaphragmatic read outs. Background Grafts are increasingly used to repair congenital diaphragmatic hernia with the risk of local complications. Growing animal models have been used to test novel materials. Methods 6-week-old rabbits underwent fiberoptic intubation, left subcostal laparotomy and hemi-diaphragmatic excision (either nearly complete (n = 13) or 3*3cm (n = 9)) and primary closure (Gore-Tex patch). Survival was further increased by moving to laryngeal mask airway ventilation (n = 15). Sham operated animals were used as controls (n = 6). Survivors (90 days) underwent chest X-Ray (scoliosis), measurements of maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure and breathing pattern (tidal volume, Pdi). Rates of herniation, lung histology and right hemi-diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area was measured. Results Rabbits surviving 90 days doubled their weight. Only one (8%) with a complete defect survived to 90 days. In the 3*3cm defect group all survived to 48 hours, however seven (78%) died later (16–49 days) from respiratory failure secondary to tracheal stricture formation. Use of a laryngeal mask airway doubled 90-day survival, one pup displaying herniation (17%). Cobb angel measurements, breathing pattern, and lung histology were comparable to sham. Under exertion, sham animals increased their maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure 134% compared to a 71% increase in patched animals (p<0.05). Patched animals had a compensatory increase in their right hemi-diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area (p<0.0001). Conclusions A primarily patched 3*3cm defect in growing rabbits, under laryngeal mask airway ventilation, enables adequate survival with normal lung function and reduced maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Patrice Eastwood
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Joyeux
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savitree Pranpanus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Johannes Van der Merwe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, Group Biomedical Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Weiland LC, Kluge K, Kutter APN, Kronen PW. Clinical evaluation of intranasal medetomidine-ketamine and medetomidine-S(+)-ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits in two centres with two different administration techniques. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:98-105. [PMID: 27374385 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare efficacy and side effects of induction with medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-S(+)-ketamine by intranasal (IN) instillation in rabbits and to evaluate both protocols during subsequent isoflurane anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, randomized experimental study in two centres. ANIMALS Eighty-three healthy New Zealand White rabbits undergoing tibial or ulnar osteotomy. METHODS Medetomidine (0.2 mg kg-1) with 10 mg kg-1 ketamine (MK) or 5 mg kg-1 S(+)-ketamine (MS) was administered IN to each rabbit in a randomized fashion. In Centre 1 (n = 42) rabbits were held in sternal recumbency, and in Centre 2 (n = 41) in dorsal recumbency, during drug instillation. Adverse reactions were recorded. If a rabbit swallowed during endotracheal intubation, half of the initial IN dose was repeated and intubation was re-attempted after 5 minutes. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Heart rate, blood pressure, endtidal carbon dioxide concentration and blood gases were recorded. Data were analysed using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS In all, 39 animals were assigned to the MK group and 44 to the MS group. Two rabbits in the MS group held in dorsal recumbency died after instillation of the drug. Eight (MK) and 11 rabbits (MS) were insufficiently anaesthetized and received a second IN dose. One rabbit in MK and three in MS required an isoflurane mask induction after the second IN dose. There were no significant differences between treatments for induction, intraoperative data, blood gas values and recovery data. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study indicated that medetomidine-ketamine and medetomidine-S(+)-ketamine were effective shortly after IN delivery, but in dorsal recumbency IN administration of S(+)-ketamine led to two fatalities. Nasal haemorrhage was noted in both cases; however, the factors leading to death have not been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Weiland
- VAS, Veterinary Anaesthesia Services-International, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Kluge
- Preclinical Surgery, AO Research Institute, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Annette P N Kutter
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Kronen
- VAS, Veterinary Anaesthesia Services-International, Winterthur, Switzerland; Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Reed RA, Seddighi MR, Odoi A, Cox SK, Egger CM, Doherty TJ. Effect of ketamine on the minimum infusion rate of propofol needed to prevent motor movement in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2016; 76:1022-30. [PMID: 26618726 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.12.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs anesthetized with propofol alone or propofol in combination with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine. ANIMALS 6 male Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized on 3 occasions, at weekly intervals, with propofol alone (loading dose, 6 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.45 mg/kg/min), propofol (loading dose, 5 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.35 mg/kg/min) and a low dose of ketamine (loading dose, 2 mg/kg; CRI, 0.025 mg/kg/min), or propofol (loading dose, 4 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.3 mg/kg/min) and a high dose of ketamine (loading dose, 3 mg/kg; CRI, 0.05 mg/kg/min). After 60 minutes, the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious electrical stimulus was determined in duplicate. RESULTS Least squares mean ± SEM propofol MIRs required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.76 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, 0.60 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, and 0.41 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min when dogs were anesthetized with propofol alone, propofol and low-dose ketamine, and propofol and high-dose ketamine, respectively. There were significant decreases in the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus when dogs were anesthetized with propofol and low-dose ketamine (27 ± 10%) or with propofol and high-dose ketamine (30 ± 10%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ketamine, at the doses studied, significantly decreased the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs.
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Santos M, Viñuela A, Vela AA, Tendillo FJ. Single-syringe ketamine-propofol for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:561-5. [PMID: 26872297 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare three intravenous (IV) doses of a ketamine-propofol admixture (ketofol) for induction of anaesthesia in unpremedicated rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized 'blinded' trial. ANIMALS Twenty-one healthy female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.7 ± 0.1 kg. METHODS Animals were allocated randomly into three groups of seven animals and received 1 (KP1), 3 (KP3) or 5 (KP5) mg kg(-1) of both ketamine and propofol in a 1:1 mg kg(-1) ratio admixture. Cardiorespiratory parameters and arterial blood gases were measured at baseline, 2 and 5 minutes after drug administration. The time to loss of the righting reflex (LORR) and the duration of action and apnoea were recorded. The quality of induction and intubation were scored. Data were compared using a two-way anova or a t-test for unpaired data, as relevant. RESULTS The time to LORR was the shortest (11 ± 5 seconds) and the duration of action the longest (374 ± 26 seconds) in group KP5. Group KP1 did not lose the righting reflex; instead mild to moderate sedation was observed in this group. The quality of induction in group KP5 was smooth, but ranged from smooth to fair in group KP3. Intubation was not possible in the KP1 group, and 10 animals in the other two groups showed some resistance to intubation. At 2 and 5 minutes, the pulse rate was significantly higher in all three groups compared with baseline, but no statistical differences were seen in arterial blood pressures. Hypoxaemia and dose-dependent respiratory depression were observed in all groups, with periods of apnoea in the KP5 group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The IV ketamine-propofol admixture had a dose-dependent effect. Haemodynamic function was well maintained in all groups but hypoxemia was observed at the highest doses and oxygen administration is recommended. Addition of premedication or topical lidocaine is advisable to make intubation easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Santos
- Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela A Vela
- Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tendillo
- Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Sayre RS, Lepiz M, Wall C, Thieman-Mankin K, Dobbin J. Traumatic tracheal diverticulum corrected with resection and anastomosis during one-lung ventilation and total intravenous anesthesia in a cat. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 26:864-869. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Sayre
- Department of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University, College Station; TX 77808
| | - Mauricio Lepiz
- Department of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University, College Station; TX 77808
| | - Corey Wall
- Department of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University, College Station; TX 77808
| | - Kelley Thieman-Mankin
- Department of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University, College Station; TX 77808
| | - Jennifer Dobbin
- Department of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Texas A&M University, College Station; TX 77808
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13
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Uzun M, Kiraz HA, Ovali MA, Sahin H, Erbas M, Toman H. The investigation of airway management capacity of v-gel and cobra-PLA in anaesthetised rabbits. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:80-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502015001000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Barter LS, Epstein SE. Cardiopulmonary effects of three concentrations of isoflurane with or without mechanical ventilation and supramaximal noxious stimulation in New Zealand white rabbits. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:1274-80. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Maani CV, Shah MA, Hansen JJ, Fowler M, Maani EV, McGhee LL. Translational advances in pain and anesthesia for cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2012; 105:488-93. [PMID: 22441901 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Effective cancer pain management requires multidisciplinary approaches for multimodal analgesia. Although opioids have been the cornerstone, developments such as regional anesthesia and interventional pain techniques, complementary and alternative medicine, and new pharmaceuticals also have shown promise to relieve cancer pain. This overview of relevant clinical efforts and the modern day state of the science will afford a better understanding of pain mechanisms and multimodal approaches beneficial in optimizing analgesia for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V Maani
- Department of Anesthesia, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.
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Gil AG, Silván G, Villa A, Illera JC. Heart and respiratory rates and adrenal response to propofol or alfaxalone in rabbits. Vet Rec 2012; 170:444. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Gil
- Fisiologia Animal; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - G. Silván
- Fisiologia Animal; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - A. Villa
- Fisiologia Animal; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - J. C. Illera
- Fisiologia Animal; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
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