1
|
Steagall PV, Robertson S, Simon B, Warne LN, Shilo-Benjamini Y, Taylor S. 2022 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Acute Pain in Cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:4-30. [PMID: 34937455 PMCID: PMC10845386 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211066268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Increases in cat ownership worldwide mean more cats are requiring veterinary care. Illness, trauma and surgery can result in acute pain, and effective management of pain is required for optimal feline welfare (ie, physical health and mental wellbeing). Validated pain assessment tools are available and pain management plans for the individual patient should incorporate pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Preventive and multimodal analgesia, including local anaesthesia, are important principles of pain management, and the choice of analgesic drugs should take into account the type, severity and duration of pain, presence of comorbidities and avoidance of adverse effects. Nursing care, environmental modifications and cat friendly handling are likewise pivotal to the pain management plan, as is a team approach, involving the cat carer. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Pain has traditionally been under-recognised in cats. Pain assessment tools are not widely implemented, and signs of pain in this species may be subtle. The unique challenges of feline metabolism and comorbidities may lead to undertreatment of pain and the development of peripheral and central sensitisation. Lack of availability or experience with various analgesic drugs may compromise effective pain management. EVIDENCE BASE These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts and the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM) based on the available literature and the authors' experience. They are aimed at general practitioners to assist in the assessment, prevention and management of acute pain in feline patients, and to provide a practical guide to selection and dosing of effective analgesic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universite de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada; and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Companion Animal Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Bradley Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leon N Warne
- Veterinary Anaesthesia & Pain Management Australia, Perth, Western Australia; and Veterinary Cannabis Medicines Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yael Shilo-Benjamini
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Steagall PV, Ruel HLM, Yasuda T, Monteiro BP, Watanabe R, Evangelista MC, Beaudry F. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous buprenorphine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized, prospective, masked, clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:154. [PMID: 32448336 PMCID: PMC7245774 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buprenorphine is used for canine postoperative pain management. This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics and evaluate the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine (Simbadol, 1.8 mg/mL) administered by different routes in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four dogs were included in a randomized, prospective, masked, clinical trial. Buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) (n = 8/group) 0.5 h before general anesthesia with propofol-isoflurane. Carprofen (4.4 mg/kg SC) was administered after anesthetic induction and before ovariohysterectomy. Pain was scored using the short-form Glasgow composite pain scale for dogs (SF-GCPS). Dogs were administered morphine (0.25 mg/kg IV) when SF-GCPS scores were ≥ 5/20. Blood sampling was performed up to 720 min after drug administration. Plasma buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine was described using a non-compartmental model (PK Solver 2.0). Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Pain scores were significantly higher than baseline after IV (0.5-2 h), IM (0.5-3 h) and SC (0.5-4 h) but not among groups. Prevalence of rescue analgesia was significantly higher in SC (7/8 dogs) than IV (2/8) but not different between IV and IM (3/8) or IM and SC. The frequency of rescue analgesia was not significantly different among groups (IV = 2, IM = 5 and SC = 9). Norbuprenorphine was not detected. For IV, IM and SC administration, clearance was 1.29, 1.65 and 1.40 L/hour/kg, volume of distribution was 6.8, 14.2 and 40.1 L/kg, the elimination half-life was 3.7, 5.7, 22 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curved extrapolated to infinity was 15.7, 12.4 and 16.4 ng/mL/hour, respectively. Bioavailability for IM and SC was 62.6 and 40%, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of buprenorphine were 6.2 and 1.3 ng/mL at 0.14 and 0.33 h after IM and SC administration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The route of administration influences the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine in dogs. SC administration of buprenorphine failed to provide clinical analgesia due to erratic drug absorption. At the doses administered, the IV and IM routes are preferred for postoperative analgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vinicius Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Diplomate American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Hélène Louise Marcelle Ruel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Tomoyo Yasuda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Beatriz Paglerani Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ryota Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Cayetano Evangelista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mwangi WE, Mogoa EM, Mwangi JN, Mbuthia PG, Mbugua SW. A systematic review of analgesia practices in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet World 2018; 11:1725-1735. [PMID: 30774265 PMCID: PMC6362335 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1725-1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This was a systematic review conducted to evaluate the analgesic drugs and techniques used in the management of pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Materials and Methods Systematic searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were conducted for peer-reviewed articles written in English and published from 1995 to 2015. The key search words were dogs, ovariohysterectomy, pain, and analgesics. This was followed by a manual search of the references within the primary data sources. Inclusion and exclusion of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. All randomized studies evaluating the effects of analgesics during ovariohysterectomy in dogs were included. Results A total of 31 trials met the criteria and were, therefore, included in the study. Data on the type of analgesic drugs used, the technique of administration, and the need for rescue analgesia were extracted from the papers. Individual analgesic protocols were used in 83.9% of the studies compared to multimodal drug therapy, which was used in 16.1% of the studies. Opioids were used in 39.0% of studies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 19.4%, a combination of NSAIDs and opioids in 19.4%, local analgesics in 6.5%, and acupuncture in 3.2% of the studies. Drug administration was done using three approaches that included pre-operative (64.5%), post-operative (22.6%) as well as combined pre- and post-operative approach (12.9%). In 77.4% of the studies, administration of analgesics was done once, while in 12.9%, it was done as a 72-h post-operative course. 24-h and 48-h courses of post-operative pain therapy were done in 6.5% and 3.2% of the studies, respectively. About 57% of the dogs in the control groups required rescue analgesia as compared to 21.6% in the single and 11.3% in multimodal drug therapy groups. The requirement for rescue analgesics was highest in dogs treated using acupuncture (43.8%) and lowest in dogs treated using NSAID-opioid combination (8.6%). Fewer dogs among those that received pain medication preoperatively and postoperatively required rescue analgesia compared to those in groups given drugs before and after surgery only. More dogs (26.4%) among those given analgesics only once postoperatively required rescue analgesia as compared to those that received analgesics daily for 72 h (4.4%). Conclusions This study provides evidence that opioids are the mainstream analgesic drugs used in managing acute post-operative pain in dogs' post-ovariohysterectomy. In addition, multimodal drug therapy, particularly, NSAID-opioids combination is more effective for pain management than single drug administration. Administering analgesics both before and after surgery is associated with better outcomes and so is a protracted course of post-operative pain therapy. Although these practices should be encouraged, controlled studies should be conducted to conclusively determine the best practices for pain management in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willy E Mwangi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eddy M Mogoa
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James N Mwangi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul G Mbuthia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Susan W Mbugua
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watanabe R, Monteiro BP, Evangelista MC, Castonguay A, Edge D, Steagall PV. The analgesic effects of buprenorphine (Vetergesic or Simbadol) in combination with carprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized, blinded, clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:304. [PMID: 30290820 PMCID: PMC6173890 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Buprenorphine is a potent lipophilic opioid analgesic that is largely used in the multimodal treatment of acute pain. Simbadol (buprenorphine hydrochloride) is the first and only FDA-approved high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine for use in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of carprofen in combination with one of two commercial formulations of buprenorphine (Simbadol and Vetergesic, 1.8 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively) in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four dogs were included in a randomized, prospective, controlled, clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows. Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and either 0.02 mg/kg of Vetergesic or Simbadol intramuscularly (Vetergesic group – VG; Simbadol group – SG, respectively; n = 12/group). General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Carprofen (4.4 mg/kg SC) was administered after induction of anesthesia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, pain scores using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale Short Form (CMPS-SF), sedation scores using a dynamic interactive visual analogue scale and adverse events were evaluated before and after ovariohysterectomy by an observer who was unaware of treatment administration. If CMPS-SF scores were ≥ 5/20, dogs were administered rescue analgesia (morphine 0.5 mg/kg IM). Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). Results Pain and sedation scores and physiological parameters were not significantly different between treatments. Three dogs in VG (25%) and none in SG (0%) required rescue analgesia (p = 0.109). Adverse effects (i.e. vomiting and melena) were observed in two dogs in SG and were thought to be related to stress and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity. Conclusions The administration of buprenorphine with carprofen preoperatively provided adequate postoperative analgesia for the majority of dogs undergoing OVH without serious adverse events. Prevalence of rescue analgesia was not significantly different between groups; however, it could be clinically relevant and explained by a type II error (i.e. small sample size). Future studies are necessary to determine if analgesic efficacy after Simbadol and Vetergesic is related to individual variability or pharmacokinetic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ; Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Beatriz P Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ; Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marina C Evangelista
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ; Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Amélie Castonguay
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ; Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | | | - Paulo V Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ; Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
State of the art analgesia- recent developments in pharmacological approaches to acute pain management in dogs and cats. Part 1. Vet J 2018; 238:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
6
|
Heffernan AE, Katz EM, Sun Y, Rendahl AK, Conzemius MG. Once daily oral extended-release hydrocodone as analgesia following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 47:516-523. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Heffernan
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center; St Paul Minnesota
| | - Erin M. Katz
- University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center; St Paul Minnesota
| | - Yiwen Sun
- University of Minnesota School of Statistics; Minneapolis; Minnesota
| | - Aaron K. Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; St Paul Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Phuwapattanachart P, Thengchaisri N. Analgesic efficacy of oral firocoxib in ovariohysterectomized cats. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:175-182. [PMID: 27515266 PMCID: PMC5489464 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The postoperative analgesic effects of firocoxib in ovariohysterectomized cats were observed. Twenty-four cats were divided into 3 groups: control (no medicine), firocoxib-1 (1 mg/kg/day) and firocoxib-3 (3 mg/kg/day). Colorado pain scale scores (CPSS), composite pain scores (CPS), and buccal mucosal bleeding times (BMBT) were recorded in blinded fashion before induction and 2, 5, 8, 24, 30, and 48 h post-operation. The average CPSS (mean ± SEM) over 2 to 48 h post-operation in firocoxib-3 (0.4 ± 0.1) was significantly lower than that of the control (0.7 ± 0.2; p = 0.004), but that of firocoxib-1 (0.5 ± 0.2) was not different from that of the control (p = 0.40). The mean CPS of firocoxib-3 was significantly lower than that of the control at 24 h post-operation (p = 0.04); nonetheless, there was no significant difference in mean CPS between firocoxib-1 and control groups at all intervals. BMBT and body temperature were within normal limits in all groups. However, reversible azotemia was identified in two firocoxib-3 cats at 72 h post-operation. One firocoxib-3 cat vomited once at 48 h post-operation. In conclusion, firocoxib-3 is helpful for postoperative pain control in cats; however, gastrointestinal irritation and renal function side effects may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prangtip Phuwapattanachart
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Catanzaro A, Di Salvo A, Steagall PV, Zampini D, Polisca A, della Rocca G. Preliminary study on attitudes, opinions and knowledge of Italian veterinarians with regard to abdominal visceral pain in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:361-70. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
9
|
Lewis KA, Bednarski RM, Aarnes TK, Dyce J, Hubbell JAE. Postoperative comparison of four perioperative analgesia protocols in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:1041-6. [PMID: 24739113 DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.9.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare 4 analgesic protocols in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery. DESIGN Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial. Animals-48 client-owned dogs that underwent stifle joint surgery. PROCEDURES Dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy were randomly assigned to receive a constant rate infusion of a combination of morphine, lidocaine, and ketamine; a lumbosacral epidural with morphine and ropivacaine; both treatments (ie, constant rate infusion and lumbosacral epidural); or only IM premedication with morphine. Indices of cardiorespiratory function and isoflurane requirement were recorded at 5-minute intervals during anesthesia. A validated sedation scoring system and the modified Glasgow composite measure pain score were used to assess comfort and sedation after surgery and anesthesia once the swallowing reflex returned and a body temperature of ≥ 36.7°C (98.1°F) was attained. Pain and sedation scores were acquired at 60-minute intervals for 4 hours, then at 4-hour intervals for 24 hours. Dogs with a postoperative pain score > 5 of 24 were given morphine as rescue analgesia. RESULTS No differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial blood pressure, end-tidal Pco2, end-tidal isoflurane concentration, and vaporizer setting were detected among groups. No differences in pain score, sedation score, rescue analgesia requirement, or time to first rescue analgesia after surgery were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pain scores were similar among groups, and all 4 groups had similar rescue analgesia requirements and similar times to first administration of rescue analgesia. All 4 analgesic protocols provided acceptable analgesia for 24 hours after stifle joint surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie A Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teixeira L, Luna S, Taffarel M, Lima A, Sousa N, Joaquim J, Freitas P. Comparison of intrarectal ozone, ozone administered in acupoints and meloxicam for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2013; 197:794-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
11
|
Gutierrez-Blanco E, Victoria-Mora JM, Ibancovichi-Camarillo JA, Sauri-Arceo CH, Bolio-González ME, Acevedo-Arcique CM, Marin-Cano G, Steagall PVM. Evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effects of fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or the combination lidocaine-ketamine-dexmedetomidine during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:599-609. [PMID: 23910822 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the isoflurane-sparing effects of an intravenous (IV) constant rate infusion (CRI) of fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or lidocaine-ketamine-dexmedetomidine (LKD) in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, prospective, blinded, clinical study. ANIMALS Fifty four dogs. METHODS Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane with one of the following IV treatments: butorphanol/saline (butorphanol 0.4 mg kg(-1), saline 0.9% CRI, CONTROL/BUT); fentanyl (5 μg kg(-1), 10 μg kg(-1) hour(-1), FENT); ketamine (1 mg kg(-1), 40 μg kg(-1) minute(-1), KET), lidocaine (2 mg kg(-1), 100 μg kg(-1) minute(-1), LIDO); dexmedetomidine (1 μg kg(-1), 3 μg kg(-1) hour(-1), DEX); or a LKD combination. Positive pressure ventilation maintained eucapnia. An anesthetist unaware of treatment and end-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe'Iso) adjusted vaporizer settings to maintain surgical anesthetic depth. Cardiopulmonary variables and Fe'Iso concentrations were monitored. Data were analyzed using anova (p < 0.05). RESULTS At most time points, heart rate (HR) was lower in FENT than in other groups, except for DEX and LKD. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was lower in FENT and CONTROL/BUT than in DEX. Overall mean ± SD Fe'Iso and % reduced isoflurane requirements were 1.01 ± 0.31/41.6% (range, 0.75 ± 0.31/56.6% to 1.12 ± 0.80/35.3%, FENT), 1.37 ± 0.19/20.8% (1.23 ± 0.14/28.9% to 1.51 ± 0.22/12.7%, KET), 1.34 ± 0.19/22.5% (1.24 ± 0.19/28.3% to 1.44 ± 0.21/16.8%, LIDO), 1.30 ± 0.28/24.8% (1.16 ± 0.18/32.9% to 1.43 ± 0.32/17.3%, DEX), 0.95 ± 0.19/54.9% (0.7 ± 0.16/59.5% to 1.12 ± 0.16/35.3%, LKD) and 1.73 ± 0.18/0.0% (1.64 ± 0.21 to 1.82 ± 0.14, CONTROL/BUT) during surgery. FENT and LKD significantly reduced Fe'Iso. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At the doses administered, FENT and LKD had greater isoflurane-sparing effect than LIDO, KET or CONTROL/BUT, but not at all times. Low HR during FENT may limit improvement in MAP expected with reduced Fe'Iso.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gutierrez-Blanco
- Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yucatan Autonomous University, Merida, Mexico; Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mexico State Autonomous University, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davila D, Keeshen TP, Evans RB, Conzemius MG. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of perioperative firocoxib and tramadol administration in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:225-31. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Stevens B, Posner L, Jones C, Lascelles B. Comparison of the effect of intratesticular lidocaine/bupivacaine vs. saline placebo on pain scores and incision site reactions in dogs undergoing routine castration. Vet J 2013; 196:499-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
KONDO Y, TAKASHIMA K, MATSUMOTO S, SHIBA M, OTSUKI T, KINOSHITA G, ROSENTEL J, GROSS SJ, FLEISHMAN C, YAMANE Y. Efficacy and Safety of Firocoxib for the Treatment of Pain Associated with Soft Tissue Surgery in Dogs under Field Conditions in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1283-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi KONDO
- Merial Japan, Limited
- Merial Japan, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3–20–2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan
| | - Kazuaki TAKASHIMA
- Animal Clinical Research Foundation
- Animal Clinical Research Foundation, 214–10 Yatsuya, Kurayoshi, Tottori 682–0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi MATSUMOTO
- Merial Japan, Limited
- Merial Japan, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3–20–2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan
| | - Masahiro SHIBA
- Merial Japan, Limited
- Merial Japan, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3–20–2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan
| | - Tomoko OTSUKI
- Merial Japan, Limited
- Merial Japan, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3–20–2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan
| | - Gen KINOSHITA
- Merial Japan, Limited
- Merial Japan, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3–20–2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan
| | - Joseph ROSENTEL
- Merial Limited
- Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd. Duluth, GA 30096, U.S.A
| | - Sheila J. GROSS
- Merial Limited
- Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd. Duluth, GA 30096, U.S.A
| | - Candis FLEISHMAN
- Merial Limited
- Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Blvd. Duluth, GA 30096, U.S.A
| | - Yoshihisa YAMANE
- Animal Clinical Research Foundation
- Animal Clinical Research Foundation, 214–10 Yatsuya, Kurayoshi, Tottori 682–0025, Japan
| |
Collapse
|