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Ryckman K, Richmond SA, Anderson LN, Birken CS, Parkin PC, Macarthur C, Maguire JL, Howard AW. Temperament and fracture in preschool-aged children. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 22:195-198. [PMID: 29479213 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Approximately one-half of all children will sustain a fracture before adulthood. Understanding the factors that place a child at increased risk of fracture is necessary to inform effective injury prevention strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between temperament and fracture risk in preschool-aged children. Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years who were diagnosed with a fracture were recruited from the Hospital for Sick Children Fracture Clinic. Using a retrospective case-control study design, the 148 cases were frequency-matched by age and sex to 426 controls from the TARGet Kids primary care paediatric cohort. The Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire, a 36-item caregiver response questionnaire was used to assess three of the following temperament factors: surgency (e.g., high activity level), negative affect (e.g., anger, fear, discomfort) and effortful control (e.g., attentional focusing). Results Unadjusted logistic models demonstrated no association between children with previous fracture and higher scores of surgency (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84, 1.34), negative affect (unadjusted OR=1.15, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.42) or effortful control (unadjusted OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.03). Further, models adjusted for covariates also demonstrated no significant association with surgency (1.00, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.29), negative affect (1.09, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.37) and effortful control (0.80, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.05). Conclusion None of the three main temperament types identified by the Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire were associated with an increase in fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandace Ryckman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sarah A Richmond
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), Toronto, Ontario
| | - Colin Macarthur
- Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.,Applied Health Research Centre, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Andrew W Howard
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Hirvonen R, Väänänen J, Aunola K, Ahonen T, Kiuru N. Adolescents' and mothers' temperament types and their roles in early adolescents' socioemotional functioning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 42:453-463. [PMID: 30166742 PMCID: PMC6104198 DOI: 10.1177/0165025417729223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined adolescents’ and mothers’ temperament types and their roles in the socioemotional functioning of early adolescents. A total of 869 sixth-grade students and 668 mothers participated in the study. The students rated their temperament and socioemotional functioning and the mothers rated their own temperament. Latent profile analyses identified four temperament types among the adolescents (resilient, reserved, average, and mixed) and three types among the mothers (resilient, average, and mixed). The results showed that the adolescents with resilient or reserved temperaments reported significantly fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms, less hyperactivity, and higher prosociality than adolescents with a mixed temperament type. The most adaptive adolescent–mother temperament matches were between a resilient or reserved adolescent and a resilient or average mother; these adolescents reported the highest levels of socioemotional functioning. Mothers with mixed or average temperaments were related to fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms and less hyperactivity among adolescents with a mixed temperament, while mothers with a resilient temperament type were beneficial for prosocial behavior among adolescents with a mixed temperament. These findings increase understanding of the role of temperament and the interplay between adolescents’ and mothers’ temperaments in the development of early adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Ahonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Elliott TR, Hsiao YY, Kimbrel NA, Meyer E, DeBeer BB, Gulliver SB, Kwok OM, Morissette SB. Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:1160-1178. [PMID: 27922725 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the degree to which a resilient personality prototype predicted adjustment among war Veterans with and without a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while covarying the level of combat exposure. METHOD A total of 127 war Veterans (107 men, 20 women; average age = 37 years) participated. Personality prototypes were derived from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (Patrick, Curtain, & Tellegen, 2002). Measures were administered at baseline, and a subset was administered at 4- and 8-month follow-ups. RESULTS Veterans with resilient personalities reported less sleep disturbance, more health-promoting behaviors, psychological flexibility, and emotional distress tolerance than Veterans with undercontrolled or overcontrolled prototypes. Path models revealed that resilience significantly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, quality of life, and social support over time. TBI had unique and consistent effects only on PTSD. CONCLUSION Personality characteristics influence distress and quality of life among war Veterans with and without TBI. Implications for assessment, interventions, and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center.,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education Clinical Center.,Duke University Medical Center
| | - Eric Meyer
- VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System.,Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | - Bryann B DeBeer
- VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System.,Texas A&M University Health Science Center
| | - Suzy Bird Gulliver
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center.,Warrior Research Institute at Baylor Scott & White Health
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Brennan LK, Brownson RC, Hovmand P. Evaluation of Active Living by Design: implementation patterns across communities. Am J Prev Med 2012; 43:S351-66. [PMID: 23079267 PMCID: PMC4762708 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-five cross-sector, multidisciplinary community partnerships received funding through the Active Living by Design (ALbD) national program to design, plan, and implement innovative initiatives to support active living. PURPOSE This paper examines implementation patterns across ALbD community partnerships related to community characteristics; preparation efforts; and policy, environmental, programmatic, and promotional strategies. METHODS Investigators used a mixed-methods, participatory evaluation design, triangulating multiple qualitative and quantitative data sources collected from 2007 to 2009. Configural frequency analysis facilitated detection of variables as well as configurations of variables occurring more (types) or less (anti-types) frequently than patterns expected by chance alone. RESULTS Overall, community partnerships with more preparation activities (assessment, sustainability) implemented a larger number of active living promotions, programs, policy influences, and physical projects, cumulatively (type). Yet, community partnerships working in communities with >40% of the population from a non-Caucasian racial and ethnic background and >40% of the population in poverty implemented fewer active living promotions, programs, policy influences, and physical projects, cumulatively (type). CONCLUSIONS The resulting types and anti-types provide insight into patterns across communities that may be ascribed to varying configurations of community contexts, resources, and strategies implemented. Rigorous, systematic examination of the underlying causal structures related to the configurations of community characteristics, preparation efforts, and implementation strategies is needed.
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