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Marquer C, Grais RF, Moro MR. Maternal perception of emotional difficulties of preschool children in rural Niger. Transcult Psychiatry 2016; 53:330-46. [PMID: 27235143 DOI: 10.1177/1363461516645046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental health care for infants and young children is often greatly limited in low-resource settings. The purpose of this study was to describe maternal perception of emotional difficulties of preschool children in a rural area of Niger (Maradi). In this context, both mental health awareness and services were scarce. This research was part of a larger cross-cultural validation study of a screening tool for psychological difficulties in children aged 3 to 6 years old. Data collection included group discussion and individual interviews. A total of 10 group interviews and 83 individual interviews were conducted. The results highlight mothers' perceptions concerning their children's psychological difficulties. Sleep difficulties were considered significant by the mothers and were used often as an entry point for further discussion of concerns. Peer and sibling relationships, separation anxiety, and reactions to difficult events were also described. Identification of mothers' perceptions of children's main difficulties through a mixed-method approach shows promise as a way to inform interventions to provide culturally appropriate care for children in need.
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Marquer C, Barry C, Mouchenik Y, Djibo DM, Manzo ML, Trujillo Maza EM, Githaiga S, Casas G, Kirubi BW, Marichez H, Falissard B, Moro MR, Grais RF. Screening for psychological difficulties in young children in crisis: complementary cross-cultural validation. Int Health 2015; 7:438-46. [PMID: 25740941 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of children's psychological difficulties in crises and low resource settings is challenged by the lack of a validated, rapid and simple tool. We present the results of two confirmatory validations of the Psychological Screening for Young Children aged 3 to 6 years (PSYCa 3-6) scale. METHODS We performed cross-cultural validations, assessing the performance of the scale in different contexts. These were conducted in Mathare, Nairobi, Kenya and Buenaventura, Colombia between December 2009 and February 2012. External validity was assessed comparing the PSYCa 3-6 against a clinical interview and the Clinical Global Impression Severity scale (CGI). RESULTS A total of 160 mothers or caregivers of children 3 to 6 years old in Mathare and 148 in Buenaventura were included in the study. Both demonstrated good concurrent validity (Buenaventura ρ=0.49, p<0.0001; Mathare ρ=0.41, p<0.0001). Inter-rater reliability was found to be acceptable in Buenaventura (intraclass correlation [ICC]=0.69 [0.4-0.84]) and high in Mathare (0.87 [0.75-0.94]). CONCLUSIONS As shown by its validation in diverse contexts, use in other populations may help improve the delivery of mental health care to children in crises and low-resource settings. Additional research on the design and delivery of intervention models for crises remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marquer
- Epicentre, Nairobi, Kenya Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie (EA 4056), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Barry
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie (EA 4056), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France
| | - Yoram Mouchenik
- Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U669, Paris, France Université Paris 13, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U669, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Mahamane L Manzo
- National Mental Health Program, Ministry of Health, Niamey, Niger
| | | | | | - German Casas
- Regional Department of Public Health, Maradi, Niger
| | | | | | - Bruno Falissard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie (EA 4056), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Rose Moro
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et Psychopathologie (EA 4056), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Paris, France Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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Brunel M, Py J. Questioning the acceptability of the Cognitive Interview to improve its use. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2013. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.133.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Marquer C, Barry C, Mouchenik Y, Hustache S, Djibo DM, Manzo ML, Falissard B, Révah-Lévy A, Grais RF, Moro MR. A rapid screening tool for psychological distress in children 3-6years old: results of a validation study. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:170. [PMID: 23072651 PMCID: PMC3503833 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health needs of young children in humanitarian contexts often remain unaddressed. The lack of a validated, rapid and simple tool for screening combined with few mental health professionals able to accurately diagnose and provide appropriate care mean that young children remain without care. Here, we present the results of the principle cross-cultural validation of the "Psychological Screening for Young Children aged 3 to 6" (PSYCAa3-6). The PSYCa 3-6 is a simple scale for children 3 to 6 years old administered by non-specialists, to screen young children in crises and thereby refer them to care if needed. METHODS This study was conducted in Maradi, Niger. The scale was translated into Hausa, using corroboration of independent translations. A cross-cultural validation was implemented using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample of 580 mothers or caregivers of children 3 to 6 years old were included. The tool was psychometrically examined and diagnostic properties were assessed comparing the PSYCa 3-6 against a clinical interview as the gold standard. RESULTS The PSYCa 3-6 Hausa version demonstrated good concurrent validity, as scores correlated with the gold standard and the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) [rho = 0.41, p-value = 0.00]. A reduction procedure was used to reduce the scale from 40 to 22 items. The test-retest reliability of the PSYCa 3-6 was found to be high (ICC 0.81, CI95% [0.68; 0.89]). In our sample, although not the purpose of this study, approximately 54 of 580 children required subsequent follow-up with a psychologist. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first validation of a screening scale for children 3 to 6 years old with a cross-cultural validation component, for use in humanitarian contexts. The Hausa version of the PSYCa 3-6 is a reliable and a valuable screening tool for psychological distress. Further studies to replicate our findings and additional validations of the PSYCa 3-6 in other populations may help improve the delivery of mental health care to children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barry
- Inserm U669, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yoram Mouchenik
- Université Toulouse le Mirail, Toulouse, France
- Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
| | | | - Douma M Djibo
- National program of mental health, Ministry of Health, Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Bruno Falissard
- Inserm U669, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Révah-Lévy
- Inserm U669, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Rose Moro
- Inserm U669, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Short JL, Bodner GE. Differentiating accounts of actual, suggested and fabricated childhood events using the judgment of memory characteristics questionnaire. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
This research investigated whether a witness's emotion could influence the accuracy of statements obtained by the use of a cognitive interview. A total of 70 first-year university students viewed a video depicting a road accident. Electrodes were attached to their arms in order to send fictitious electric shocks during the video (high-arousal condition) or to measure physiological signs (low-arousal condition). One week later, they were interviewed using either a cognitive interview (CI) or a structured interview (SI). It was hypothesised that the beneficial effect of the cognitive interview would be amplified by a high level of arousal, particularly concerning central aspects of the video. Results indicated that a CI elicited more correct central and peripheral details recalled, whatever the level of arousal inducted during the encoding of the to-be remembered event. Furthermore, high-arousal participants produced more accurate testimonies concerning peripheral details than participants exposed to a low level of arousal. No interaction between interview and emotion was found. The theoretical and practical implications for interviewing witnesses are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Ginet
- Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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