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Juhosová M, Chandoga J, Cisárik F, Dallemule S, Ďurina P, Jarásková D, Jungová P, Kantarská D, Kvasnicová M, Mistrík M, Pastoráková A, Petrovič R, Valachová A, Zelinková H, Barošová J, Böhmer D, Štofko J. Influence of different spectra of NOTCH3 variants on the clinical phenotype of CADASIL - experience from Slovakia. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:1-16. [PMID: 36401683 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-022-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary vascular disorder causing ischaemic attacks and strokes in middle-aged adults. Though the clinical spectrum includes some typical symptoms, recognition of the disease, especially at an earlier stage, is very difficult because of the highly variable manifestation and incomplete clinical picture. Characteristic brain MRI findings and the presence of pathogenic variants in the NOTCH3 gene are fundamental for CADASIL diagnosis. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive report on CADASIL patients from Slovakia. Altogether, we identified 23 different pathogenic variants in 35 unrelated families. In our cohort of patients with clinical suspicion of CADASIL, we found a causal genetic defect and confirmed the diagnosis in 10.2% of cases. We present the case reports with up-to-date unpublished NOTCH3 variants and describe their phenotype-genotype correlation: p.(Cys65Phe), p.(Pro86Leu/Ser502Phe), p.(Arg156*), p.(Cys408Arg), p.(Tyr423Cys), p.(Asp1720His), and p.(Asp1893Thrfs*13). The most frequently described location for pathogenic variants was in exon 4, whereas the most common single variant was p.Arg1076Cys in exon 20. Based on the results of our study, we propose a re-evaluation of the criteria for the selection of patients suitable for NOTCH3 gene analysis. We hereby state that the currently used protocol of a high score requirement is not ideal for assessing molecular analysis, and it will be desirable to be less strict in criteria for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Juhosová
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - J Chandoga
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - F Cisárik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - S Dallemule
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Ďurina
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Jarásková
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Jungová
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Kantarská
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital F.D. Roosvelta, Námestie Ludvíka Svobodu 1, 975 17, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - M Kvasnicová
- Unilabs Slovensko, s. r. o., Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Mistrík
- Unilabs Slovensko, s. r. o., Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Pastoráková
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Petrovič
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Valachová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - H Zelinková
- Unilabs Slovensko, s. r. o., Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Barošová
- Genet, s. r. o., Razusova 16, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - D Böhmer
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Štofko
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Al-Ward H, Liu CY, Liu N, Shaher F, Al-Nusaif M, Mao J, Xu H. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel β1 Gene: An Overview. Hum Hered 2021; 85:101-109. [PMID: 34038903 DOI: 10.1159/000516388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channels are protein complexes composed of 2 subunits, namely, pore-forming α- and regulatory β-subunits. A β-subunit consists of 5 proteins encoded by 4 genes (i.e., SCN1B-SCN4B). SUMMARY β1-Subunits regulate sodium ion channel functions, including gating properties, subcellular localization, and kinetics. Key Message: Sodium channel β1- and its variant β1B-subunits are encoded by SCN1B. These variants are associated with many human diseases, such as epilepsy, Brugada syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and cancers. On the basis of previous research, we aimed to provide an overview of the structure, expression, and involvement of SCN1B in physiological processes and focused on its role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Al-Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ankang University School of Medicine, Ankang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
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Cohn-Hokke PE, Elting MW, Pijnenburg YAL, van Swieten JC. Genetics of dementia: update and guidelines for the clinician. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:628-43. [PMID: 22815225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With increased frequency, clinical geneticists are asked for genetic advice on the heredity of dementia in families. Alzheimer's disease is in most cases a complex disease, but may be autosomal dominant inherited. Mutations in the PSEN1 gene are the most common genetic cause of early onset Alzheimer's disease, whereas APP and PSEN2 gene mutations are less frequent. Familial frontotemporal dementia may be associated with a mutation in the MAPT or GRN gene, or with a repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. All these genes show autosomal dominant inheritance with a high penetrance. Although Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia are clinically distinguishable entities, phenotypical overlap may occur. Rarely, dementia is caused by mutations in other autosomal dominant genes or by genetic defects with autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant or mitochondrial inheritance. The inherited forms of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease show a large phenotypic variability also within families, resulting in many remaining uncertainties for mutation carriers. Therefore, genetic counseling before performing genetic testing is essential in both symptomatic individuals and healthy at risk relatives. This review provides an overview of the genetic causes of dementia and discusses all aspects relevant for genetic counseling and testing. Furthermore, based on current knowledge, we provide algorithms for genetic testing in patients with early onset Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra E Cohn-Hokke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Patel N, Lanktree MB, Hegele RA. Genetic risk factors for stroke in the genome-wide association era. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2011; 5:75-84. [PMID: 23484478 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.540567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have renewed interest in genetic determinants of a wide range of complex traits and disorders, including stroke. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This paper reviews the current knowledge of genes that contribute to rare monogenic forms of stroke as well as more common 'garden variety' forms, focusing on the results of GWASs. Potential clinical pharmacogenetic and diagnostic applications of this information are considered. Publications from 1990 to September 2010 were identified through a Medline search using terms 'human stroke' and 'genetics', 'monogenic', 'familial', 'mutation', 'genome-wide association study', 'polymorphism', or 'genotype'. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The review synthesizes and collates the current understanding of genes that are involved across a range of stroke subphenotypes. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The complexity of stroke will make translation of genetic findings into new diagnostic or therapeutic tools relatively more challenging than for some other conditions and tempers the authors' enthusiasm for the eventual clinical utility of this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Patel
- University of Western Ontario, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8 +519 931 5271 ; +519 931 5218 ;
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