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Abstract
Abstract
Africa is a region of considerable, essentially intra‐continental migration, consisting of regional movement by refugees, undocumented migrants, and seasonal labour migrants. Emigrants to northern countries include skilled workers, students, semi‐skilled and unskilled workers and recently autonomous female migrants. The trends and patterns of international migration in and from Africa are shaped by rapid population growth, unstable politics, escalating ethnic conflicts, persistent economic decline, poverty, and environmental deterioration. The traditional pattern of migration is increasingly feminizing, migration destinations are diversifying, movements are more clandestine and spontaneous, and commercial migration is rapidly replacing labour migration.
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