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Liu YY, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Lu QY, Ye RH, Guo ZY, Zhao YL, Luo XD. The whitening effect of cuscutin responsible for traditional use of Bergenia purpurascens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117933. [PMID: 38382653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots and rhizomes of Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thomson) Engl., was used as a sunscreen to protect against ultraviolet rays in Tibet of China historically, but its skin whitening constituents and pharmacological effects of this plant remained unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-melanogenesis effect of B. purpurascens in vitro and in vivo, and then explore the preliminary mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin injury model of mice was used to verify the ameliorative effect of B. purpurascens extract (BPE) on ultraviolet damage. Then, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) melanin generation model was further adopted to approval the effects of BPE and its bioactive compound, cuscutin, in vitro. Moreover, α-MSH stimulated melanogenesis model in zebrafish was employed to confirm the anti-pigmentation effect of cuscutin. Then, proteins expressions associated with melanin production were observed using western blotting assay to explore preliminary mechanism. RESULTS BPE inhibited UVB-induced mice injury and restored skin barrier function observably in vivo. BPE and cuscutin suppressed the overproduction of melanin in α-MSH induced B16F10 significantly, in which cuscutin exhibited better effect than well-known whitening agent α-arbutin at same 10 μg/mL concentration. Moreover, the pigmentation of zebrafish embryo was decreased by cuscutin. Finally, cuscutin showed significant downregulation of expressions of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the melanogenic signaling pathway. CONCLUSION B. purpurascens extract and its major bioactive constituent, cuscutin, showed potent anti-melanogenesis and skin-whitening effect by targeting TYR and TRP-2 proteins for the first time, which supported its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Liu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Qing-Yu Lu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Rui-Han Ye
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Guo
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Yunnan, 650106, PR China.
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Huh BK, Kim BH, Kim CR, Kim SN, Shin BH, Ji HB, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Heo CY, Choy YB. Elastic net of polyurethane strands for sustained delivery of triamcinolone around silicone implants of various sizes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110565. [PMID: 32228902 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We propose an elastic net made of a biocompatible polymer to wrap silicone implants of various sizes, which also allows for the sustained release of an anti-inflammatory drug, triamcinolone, to prevent fibrosis. For this, we first prepared a strand composed of a mixture of polyurethane and triamcinolone via electrospinning, which was then assembled to prepare the elastic drug-delivery net (DDN). The DDN was prepared to just fit for wrapping the small silicone implant sample herein, but was also able to wrap a sample 7 times as large at 72% strain due to the elastic property of polyurethane. The DDN exhibited sustained drug release for 4 weeks, the profile of which was not very different between the intact and strained DDNs. When implanted in a subcutaneous pocket in living rats, the DDN-wrapped silicone implant samples showed an obvious antifibrotic effect due to the sustained release of triamcinolone. Importantly, this effect was similar for the small and large silicone samples, both wrapped with the same DDN. Therefore, we conclude that this drug-loaded net made of an elastic, biocompatible polymer has high potential for sustained drug delivery around silicone implants manufactured in various sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Kang Huh
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Byung Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Han Bi Ji
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, South Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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3
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Acremonidin E produced by Penicillium sp. SNF123, a fungal endophyte of Panax ginseng, has antimelanogenic activities. J Ginseng Res 2019; 45:98-107. [PMID: 33437161 PMCID: PMC7790906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng extracts and ginseng-fermented products are widely used as functional cosmetic ingredients for their whitening and antiwrinkle effects. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bioactive metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. However, little is known about the bioactive metabolites of the fungi associated with Panax ginseng Meyer. Methods An endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SNF123 was isolated from the root of P. ginseng, from which acremonidin E was purified. Acremonidin E was tested on melanin synthesis in the murine melanoma cell line B16F10, in the human melanoma cell line MNT-1, and in a pigmented 3D-human skin model, Melanoderm. Results Acremonidin E reduced melanogenesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells with minimal cytotoxicity. qRT–PCR analysis demonstrated that acremonidin E downregulated melanogenic genes, including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), while their enzymatic activities were unaffected. The antimelanogenic effects of acremonidin E were further confirmed in MNT-1 and a pigmented 3D human epidermal skin model, Melanoderm. Immunohistological examination of the Melanoderm further confirmed the regression of both melanin synthesis and melanocyte activation in the treated tissue. Conclusion This study demonstrates that acremonidin E, a bioactive metabolite derived from a fungal endophyte of P. ginseng, can inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating tyrosinase, illuminating the potential utility of microorganisms associated with P. ginseng for cosmetic ingredients.
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Frempah B, Luckett-Chastain LR, Gallucci RM. IL6Rα function in myeloid cells modulates the inflammatory response during irritant contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:948-955. [PMID: 31165501 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of leucocytes into lesional skin and inflammatory cytokine release. The cellular infiltrate during ICD comprises primarily cells of the myeloid lineage. Our group has previously shown that the cytokine IL-6 confers a protective effect to lesional skin during ICD. How IL-6Rα function in myeloid cells is involved in the inflammatory response during ICD is, however, unknown. In the present study, utilizing a chemical model of ICD, it is shown that mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of the IL-6Rα (IL-6RαΔmyeloid ) display an exaggerated inflammatory response to benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and Jet propellant-8 (JP8) fuel, two well-characterized irritants relative to littermate control. Results from immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses revealed that IL-6RαΔmyeloid mouse skin displayed increased epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory monocyte influx into lesional skin but lower numbers of resident macrophages relative to littermate controls after irritant exposure. Multiplex immunoassay revealed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α, but reduced expression of chemokine proteins including CCL2-5, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1 and CXCL10 in IL-6RαΔmyeloid mouse skin relative to littermate control following irritant exposure. These results highlight a previously unknown role of IL-6Rα function in myeloid cells in modulating the inflammatory response and myeloid population dynamics during ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frempah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lerin R Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Randle M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Kim BH, Huh BK, Lee WS, Kim CR, Lee KS, Nam SY, Lee M, Heo CY, Choy YB. Silicone Implant Coated with Tranilast-Loaded Polymer in a Pattern for Fibrosis Suppression. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020223. [PMID: 30960207 PMCID: PMC6419080 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic fibrosis around silicone implants is problematic, and thus, these implants have been coated with a mixture of a biocompatible polymer and antifibrotic drug for sustained drug release to prevent fibrosis. However, a coating applied over an entire surface would be subject to mechanical instability as the implant would be severely crumpled for implant insertion. Therefore, in this work, we proposed localized, patterned coating dots, each composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and tranilast, to be applied on the surface of silicone implants. The drug loaded in the pattern-coated implant herein was well retained after a cyclic tensile test. Due to the presence of PLGA in each coating dot, the tranilast could be released in a sustained manner for more than 14 days. When implanted in a subcutaneous pocket in living rats for 12 weeks, compared with the intact implant, the pattern-coated implant showed a decreased capsule thickness and collagen density, as well as less transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression and fewer fibroblasts; importantly, these changes were similar between the surfaces with and without the coating dots. Therefore, we conclude that the pattern-coating strategy proposed in this study can still effectively prevent fibrosis by maintaining the physical stability of the coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Beom Kang Huh
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Miji Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Tranilast-delivery surgical sutures to ameliorate wound healing by reducing scar formation through regulation of TGF-β expression and fibroblast recruitment. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Surgical suture braided with a diclofenac-loaded strand of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for local, sustained pain mitigation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Forensic Image Analyses of Skin and Underlying Muscles as a Tool for Postmortem Interval Delimitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 38:131-138. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Kim BH, Park M, Park HJ, Lee SH, Choi SY, Park CG, Han SM, Heo CY, Choy YB. Prolonged, acute suppression of cysteinyl leukotriene to reduce capsular contracture around silicone implants. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:209-219. [PMID: 28087482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that periodically early, local suppression of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which are potent inflammatory mediators, can reduce the fibrotic capsular contracture around silicone implants. We tested this hypothesis with the silicone implants enabled with the sustained release of montelukast, a CysLT receptor antagonist, for 3 and 15days. In this work, we inserted each of the distinct implants into the pocket of the subpanniculus carnosus plane of living rats and performed histological and immunofluorescent (IF) analyses of the tissues biopsied at predetermined periods for 12weeks after implant insertion. The implants with montelukast exhibited significantly reduced polymorphonuclear leukocytes (i.e., PMNs), implying a concurrent reduction of CysLT. This effect was more prominent after long-term local montelukast exposure. Thus, fewer fibroblasts were recruited, thereby reducing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and myofibroblasts in the tissue around the implant. Therefore, the fibrotic capsule formation, which was assessed using the capsule thickness and collagen density, decreased along with the myofibroblasts. Additionally, the tissue biopsied at the experimental end point exhibited significantly decreased mechanical stiffness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Capsular contracture is troublesome, making the tissues hardened around the silicone implant. This causes serious pain and discomfort to the patients, often leading to secondary surgery for implant replacement. To resolve this, we suggest a strategy of long-term, local suppression of cysteinyl leukotriene, an important mediator present during inflammation. For this, we propose a silicone implant abled to release a drug, montelukast, in a sustained manner. We tested our drug-release implant in living animals, which exhibited a significant decrease in capsule formation compared with the intact silicone implant. Therefore, we conclude that the sustained release of montelukast at the local insertion site represents a promising way to reduce capsular contracture around silicone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Kim BH, Huh BK, Yoo YC, Heo CY, Choy YB, Park JH. Surgical suture releasing macrophage-targeted drug-loaded nanoparticles for an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1670-1677. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00345e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An anti-inflammatory nanoparticle-coated suture reduces inflammation and pain at the wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Medicine
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kang Huh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chun Yoo
- Research center
- Metabiomed Co. Ltd
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- College of Medicine
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Medicine
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
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Kim YM, Cho SE, Seo YK. The activation of melanogenesis by p-CREB and MITF signaling with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on B16F10 melanoma. Life Sci 2016; 162:25-32. [PMID: 27543340 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanin in the skin determines the skin color, and decreased melanin causes many hypopigmentation disorders and increased damage to skin by ultraviolet B (UVB) light irradiation. Here, we stimulate melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells by using specific frequencies of ELF-EMFs. In this study, we focus on the melanogenesis of EMF-ELFs and find that 60-75Hz ELF-EMFs upregulate melanin synthesis by stimulated expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 through inhibition of phosphorylation ERK, activation of CREB, and MITF up-regulation in B16F10 melanoma cells. The results show that 60-75Hz ELF-EMFs significantly increase secreted melanin, cellular melanin content, and tyrosinase activity, and the cell mitochondria activity, cell viability, and cell membrane condition are unchanged. Furthermore, the protein expression level of MITF and p-CREB signaling pathway are significantly increased. Moreover, 60Hz ELF-EMFs reduce the phosphorylate of ERK in B16F10 melanoma cells. These findings indicate that stimulation of melanogenesis by using ELF-EMFs has therapeutic potential for treating hypopigmentation disorders such as vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Cho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Hamrang Z, Arthanari Y, Clarke D, Pluen A. Quantitative assessment of p-glycoprotein expression and function using confocal image analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1329-1339. [PMID: 25158832 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614013014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein is implicated in clinical drug resistance; thus, rapid quantitative analysis of its expression and activity is of paramout importance to the design and success of novel therapeutics. The scope for the application of quantitative imaging and image analysis tools in this field is reported here at "proof of concept" level. P-glycoprotein expression was utilized as a model for quantitative immunofluorescence and subsequent spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA). Following expression studies, p-glycoprotein inhibition as a function of verapamil concentration was assessed in two cell lines using live cell imaging of intracellular Calcein retention and a routine monolayer fluorescence assay. Intercellular and sub-cellular distributions in the expression of the p-glycoprotein transporter between parent and MDR1-transfected Madin-Derby Canine Kidney cell lines were examined. We have demonstrated that quantitative imaging can provide dose-response parameters while permitting direct microscopic analysis of intracellular fluorophore distributions in live and fixed samples. Analysis with SpIDA offers the ability to detect heterogeniety in the distribution of labeled species, and in conjunction with live cell imaging and immunofluorescence staining may be applied to the determination of pharmacological parameters or analysis of biopsies providing a rapid prognostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hamrang
- 1Manchester Pharmacy School,University of Manchester,Stopford Building,Manchester,M13 9PT,UK
| | - Yamini Arthanari
- 2Faculty of Life Sciences,University of Manchester,Michael Smith Building,Manchester,M13 9PT,UK
| | - David Clarke
- 1Manchester Pharmacy School,University of Manchester,Stopford Building,Manchester,M13 9PT,UK
| | - Alain Pluen
- 1Manchester Pharmacy School,University of Manchester,Stopford Building,Manchester,M13 9PT,UK
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13
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Salma M, Engelmann-Sylvestre I, Collin M, Escoute J, Lartaud M, Yi JY, Kim HH, Verdeil JL, Engelmann F. Effect of the successive steps of a cryopreservation protocol on the structural integrity of Rubia akane Nakai hairy roots. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:649-659. [PMID: 24150426 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the impact of the successive steps of the droplet-vitrification protocol technique employed for cryopreservation of Rubia akane hairy roots on the features of cortical, pericycle and endoderm cells of apical and central root segments, using histology techniques and combining qualitative and quantitative observations. In apical segments, plasmolysis (22-71 %, depending on cell type) was observed only after the loading treatment and did not increase after the following steps of the protocol. By contrast, in central segments, plasmolysis (39-45 %) was already observed after the sucrose pretreatment; it increased to 54-68 %, depending on cell type, after the loading treatment, but no further changes were noted after treatment with the vitrification solution. After liquid nitrogen exposure and unloading treatment, deplasmolysis was more rapid in apical segments, with cortical and pericycle cells having retrieved their original features. In central segments, only cortical cells had retrieved their original features and endoderm and pericycle cells were still highly plasmolysed. Nuclei were more strongly impacted by the cryopreservation protocol in central segments, where they displayed a highly condensed nucleoplasm from the loading treatment onwards and had not retrieved their original aspect after the unloading treatment. By contrast, nuclei had a much less condensed nucleoplasm in cells of apical segments, and they had retrieved their original aspect after the unloading treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salma
- UMR DIADE, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Barraco G, Sylvestre I, Collin M, Escoute J, Lartaud M, Verdeil JL, Engelmann F. Histocytological analysis of yam (Dioscorea alata) shoot tips cryopreserved by encapsulation-dehydration. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:177-189. [PMID: 23926078 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we performed qualitative and quantitative observations of the cytological changes occurring in cells of yam (Dioscorea alata) in vitro shoot tips cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration (E-D) technique. Shoot tip osmoprotection for 24 h in 1.25 M sucrose medium induced drastic changes in cellular cytological features, including high plasmolysis in all three cellular areas studied, the external cell layer (L1), one to three (L1-3) and seven to nine (L7-9) cell layers from the surface of the meristematic dome, pyknotic nuclei in meristematic area cells and disappearance of nucleoli. Nucleus size decreased significantly in all cellular areas studied. Nucleocytoplasmic ratio decreased significantly in L1-3 and L7-9 cells. Nuclear protein content increased, particularly in L1 and L1-3 cells. After physical dehydration, plasma membrane of numerous basal part cells was broken and intracellular soluble protein leakage was observed. Nucleus area and nucleocytoplasmic ratio decreased significantly in L7-9 cells. One week after cryopreservation, shoot tips showed regrowth and living cells had recovered their original morphology. In all cellular areas studied, nuclei had retrieved their original staining and nucleoli were visible. Original nucleus area values were recovered in L1-3 and L1 cells. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio retrieved its initial value in L1 cells but remained at levels observed after osmoprotection for L1-3 and L7-9 cells. The nuclear protein content had retrieved its original level. This investigation provided new insights in changes occurring in D. alata apices throughout an E-D protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barraco
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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