1
|
Antemie RG, Samoilă OC, Clichici SV. Blue Light-Ocular and Systemic Damaging Effects: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065998. [PMID: 36983068 PMCID: PMC10052719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a fundamental aspect of our lives, being involved in the regulation of numerous processes in our body. While blue light has always existed in nature, with the ever-growing number of electronic devices that make use of short wavelength (blue) light, the human retina has seen increased exposure to it. Because it is at the high-energy end of the visible spectrum, many authors have investigated the theoretical harmful effects that it poses to the human retina and, more recently, the human body, given the discovery and characterization of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Many approaches have been explored, with the focus shifting throughout the years from examining classic ophthalmological parameters, such as visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity to more complex ones seen on electrophysiological assays and optical coherence tomographies. The current study aims to gather the most recent relevant data, reveal encountered pitfalls, and suggest future directions for studies regarding local and/or systemic effects of blue light retinal exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan-Geo Antemie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ciprian Samoilă
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Valeria Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali EN, Carle CF, Lueck CJ, Kolic M, Maddess T. Assessing migraine patients with multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:211. [PMID: 34039302 PMCID: PMC8152334 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish the effects of stimulating intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) on migraine severity, and to determine if migraine produces objectively-measured visual field defects. Methods A randomized, open labelled, crossover study tested migraineurs and normal controls using multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) with 44 test-regions/eye. A slow blue protocol (BP) stimulated ipRGCs, and a fast yellow protocol (YP) stimulated luminance channels. Migraine diaries assessed migraine severity. Per-region responses were analyzed according to response amplitude and time-to-peak. Results Thirty-eight migraineurs (42.0 ± 16.5 years, 23 females) and 24 normal controls (39.2 ± 15.2 years, 14 females) were tested. The proportion of subjects developing a migraine did not differ after either protocol, either during the 1st day (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.2–4.4, p = 0.48) or during the first 3 days after testing (odds ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.3–2.1, p = 0.68). Migraine days/week did not increase following testing with either protocol in comparison to the baseline week (1.4 ± 1.6 pre-testing (mean ± SD), 1.3 ± 1.4 post-BP, and 1.3 ± 1.2 post-YP; p = 0.96), neither did other measures of severity. Migraine occurring up to 2 weeks before testing significantly lowered amplitudes, − 0.64 ± 0.14 dB (mean ± SE), while triptan use increased amplitudes by 0.45 ± 0.10 dB, both at p < 0.001. Conclusions Stimulating ipRGCs did not affect migraine occurrence or severity. Pupillary response characteristics were influenced by the occurrence of a recent migraine attack and a history of triptan use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman N Ali
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Corinne F Carle
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Christian J Lueck
- Australian National University Medical School, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maria Kolic
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Ted Maddess
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McKendrick AM. Recent developments in perimetry: test stimuli and procedures. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 88:73-80. [PMID: 15807638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated perimetry has evolved substantially in recent years, in part due to modern computer technology that enables more complex visual stimuli and test procedures to be realised than those incorporated in traditional white-on-white luminance increment perimetry. This paper reviews briefly a number of advances in automated perimetry. The review includes discussion of new test types: frequency doubling technology perimetry, short wavelength automated perimetry, flicker perimetry, high-pass resolution perimetry and rarebit perimetry. Test algorithms applied to perimetry such as zippy estimation of sequential thresholds (ZEST), Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA), tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP) and multi-sampling supra-threshold perimetry are also discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wesner MF, Brazeau J. The Psychophysical Assessment of Hierarchical Magno-, Parvo- and Konio-Cellular Visual Stream Dysregulations in Migraineurs. Eye Brain 2019; 11:49-62. [PMID: 31819693 PMCID: PMC6890234 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s225171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although conscious, image-forming illusions have been noted in migraine, few studies have specifically sought to collectively evaluate the role of all three parallel visual processing streams in the retinogeniculostriate pathway involved with image-forming vision and their implications in the development of migraine symptoms. Methods We psychophysically assessed the functionality of the inferred magnocellular (MC), parvocellular (PC), and koniocellular (KC) streams at different hierarchical loci across three clinical groups: individuals who experience migraine with aura (MA; n=13), experience migraine without aura (MWO; n=14), and Controls (n=15). Participants completed four experiments: Experiment 1 designed to assess retinal short-wavelength-sensitive (S-) cone sensitivities; Experiment 2 intended to measure postretinal temporal and spatiochromatic contrast sensitivities; Experiment 3 intended to assess postretinal spatiotemporal achromatic contrast sensitivities; and Experiment 4 designed to measure thalamocortical color discriminations along the three cone-excitation axes. Results S-cone deficits were revealed with greater retinal areas being affected in MA compared to MWO participants. Findings across the four experiments suggest a prominent retinal locus of dysfunction in MA (lesser in MWO) with potential feedforward compensations occurring within the KC visual stream. Conclusion Complex, integrative network compensations need to be factored in when considering the dysregulating influences of migraine along the visual pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Wesner
- Psychology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - James Brazeau
- Center for Pediatric Excellence, Ottawa, ON K2G 1W2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yener AÜ, Korucu O. Visual Field Losses in Patients with Migraine without Aura and Tension-Type Headache. Neuroophthalmology 2017; 41:59-67. [PMID: 28348627 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2016.1251466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the visual fields during pain attacks in the patients with migraine without aura and tension-type headache using automated perimetry. In this study 25 patients with migraine and 25 patients with tension-type headache were evaluated.The optic disc, macula and retina were assessed and patients with normal values were enrolled into the study. Intraocular pressure of all patients were measured. Furthermore, visual field test was applied to both groups using Humphrey field analyzer (Carl-Zeiss Meditec, model-745 i, Dublin, CA, USA). Both mean deviation and pattern standart deviation values of these two goups were not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ü Yener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Korucu
- Department of Neurology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Retinal migraine is usually characterized by attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. Herein we summarize the clinical features and prognosis of 46 patients (six new cases and 40 from the literature) with retinal migraine based upon the International Classification of Headache Disorders-2 (ICHD-2) criteria. In our review, retinal migraine is most common in women in the second to third decade of life. Contrary to ICHD-2 criteria, most have a history of migraine with aura. In the typical attack monocular visual features consist of partial or complete visual loss lasting <1 h, ipsilateral to the headache. Nearly half of reported cases with recurrent transient monocular visual loss subsequently experienced permanent monocular visual loss. Although the ICHD-2 diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine require reversible visual loss, our findings suggest that irreversible visual loss is part of the retinal migraine spectrum, perhaps representing an ocular form of migrainous infarction. Based on this observation, the authors recommend migraine prophylactic treatment in an attempt to prevent permanent visual loss, even if attacks are infrequent. We also propose a revision to the ICHD-2 diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Grosberg
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen BN, Lek JJ, Vingrys AJ, McKendrick AM. Clinical impact of migraine for the management of glaucoma patients. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:107-24. [PMID: 26232725 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common and debilitating primary headache disorder that affects 10-15% of the general population, particularly people of working age. Migraine is relevant to providers of clinical eye-care because migraine attacks are associated with a range of visual sensory symptoms, and because of growing evidence that the results of standard tests of visual function necessary for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma (visual fields, electrophysiology, ocular imaging) can be abnormal due to migraine. These abnormalities are measureable in-between migraine events (the interictal period), despite patients being asymptomatic and otherwise healthy. This picture is further complicated by epidemiological data that suggests an increased prevalence of migraine in patients with glaucoma, particularly in patients with normal tension glaucoma. We discuss how migraine, as a co-morbidity, can confound the results and interpretation of clinical tests that form part of contemporary glaucoma evaluation, and provide practical evidence-based recommendations for the clinical testing and management of patients with migraine who attend eye-care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao N Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jia Jia Lek
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Algis J Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison M McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen BN, Vingrys AJ, McKendrick AM. The effect of duration post-migraine on visual electrophysiology and visual field performance in people with migraine. Cephalalgia 2013; 34:42-57. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413498939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In between migraine attacks, some people show visual field defects that are worse when measured closer to the end of a migraine event. In this cohort study, we consider whether electrophysiological responses correlate with visual field performance at different times post-migraine, and explore evidence for cortical versus retinal origin. Methods: Twenty-six non-headache controls and 17 people with migraine performed three types of perimetry (static, flicker and blue-on-yellow) to assess different aspects of visual function at two visits conducted at different durations post-migraine. On the same days, the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked response (PVER) were recorded. Results: Migraine participants showed persistent, interictal, localised visual field loss, with greater deficits at the visit nearer to migraine offset. Spatial patterns of visual field defect consistent with retinal and cortical dysfunction were identified. The PERG was normal, whereas the PVER abnormality found did not change with time post-migraine and did not correlate with abnormal visual field performance. Conclusions: Dysfunction on clinical tests of vision is common in between migraine attacks; however, the nature of the defect varies between individuals and can change with time. People with migraine show markers of both retinal and/or cortical dysfunction. Abnormal visual field sensitivity does not predict abnormality on electrophysiological testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao N Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Algis J Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allison M McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thabet M, Wilkinson F, Wilson HR, Karanovic O. The locus of flicker adaptation in the migraine visual system: a dichoptic study. Cephalalgia 2012; 33:5-19. [PMID: 23147164 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412462640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flickering light has been shown to sensitize the migraine visual system at high stimulus contrast while elevating thresholds at low contrast. The present study employs a dichoptic psychophysical paradigm to ask whether the abnormal adaptation to flicker in migraine occurs before or after the binocular combination of inputs from the two eyes in the visual cortex. METHODS Following adaptation to high contrast flicker presented to one eye only, flicker contrast increment thresholds were measured in each eye separately using dichoptic viewing. RESULTS Modest interocular transfer of adaptation was seen in both migraine and control groups at low contrast. Sensitization at high contrast in migraine relative to control participants was seen in the adapted eye only, and an unanticipated threshold elevation occurred in the non-adapted eye. Migraineurs also showed significantly lower aversion thresholds to full field flicker than control participants, but aversion scores and increment thresholds were not correlated. CONCLUSIONS The results are simulated with a three-stage neural model of adaptation that points to strong adaptation at monocular sites prior to binocular combination, and weaker adaptation at the level of cortical binocular neurons. The sensitization at high contrast in migraine is proposed to result from stronger adaptation of inhibitory neurons, which act as a monocular normalization pool.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen BN, McKendrick AM, Vingrys AJ. Simultaneous retinal and cortical visually evoked electrophysiological responses in between migraine attacks. Cephalalgia 2012; 32:896-907. [PMID: 22800915 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412453953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with migraine often report aversion to flickering lights and show abnormal results on behavioural tasks that require the processing of temporal visual information. Studies have reported that the cortically evoked electrophysiological response to a flickering visual stimulus is abnormal; however, none have considered whether there is an underlying pre-cortical abnormality. In this cross-sectional study, we consider whether people with migraine have retinal and cortical electrophysiological abnormalities to flickering stimuli. METHODS Monocular transient (1 Hz) and steady-state (8.3 Hz) pattern reversal electroretinograms (PERGs) and pattern visual evoked responses (PVERs) were measured simultaneously in 45 people with migraine (26 without aura, 19 with aura) and 30 non-headache controls at a time between migraine attacks. RESULTS PERG amplitude and timing did not differ significantly between groups. Transient PVER amplitude was significantly reduced (28%) in the migraine with aura group compared to the controls F(2,72) = 3.6, p = 0.03). Both migraine groups showed significant reductions (32%, 39%) in steady-state PVER amplitude relative to controls (F(2,70) = 4.3, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study finds normal retinal processing of flickering stimuli in the presence of abnormal cortical function between migraine attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao N Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Battista J, Badcock DR, McKendrick AM. Migraine increases centre-surround suppression for drifting visual stimuli. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18211. [PMID: 21494594 PMCID: PMC3073931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of migraine is incompletely understood, but evidence points to hyper-responsivity of cortical neurons being a key feature. The basis of hyper-responsiveness is not clear, with an excitability imbalance potentially arising from either reduced inhibition or increased excitation. In this study, we measure centre-surround contrast suppression in people with migraine as a perceptual analogue of the interplay between inhibition and excitation in cortical areas responsible for vision. We predicted that reduced inhibitory function in migraine would reduce perceptual surround suppression. Recent models of neuronal surround suppression incorporate excitatory feedback that drives surround inhibition. Consequently, an increase in excitation predicts an increase in perceptual surround suppression. METHODS AND FINDINGS Twenty-six people with migraine and twenty approximately age- and gender-matched non-headache controls participated. The perceived contrast of a central sinusoidal grating patch (4 c/deg stationary grating, or 2 c/deg drifting at 2 deg/sec, 40% contrast) was measured in the presence and absence of a 95% contrast annular grating (same orientation, spatial frequency, and drift rate). For the static grating, similar surround suppression strength was present in control and migraine groups with the presence of the surround resulting in the central patch appearing to be 72% and 65% of its true contrast for control and migraine groups respectively (t(44) = 0.81, p = 0.42). For the drifting stimulus, the migraine group showed significantly increased surround suppression (t(44) = 2.86, p<0.01), with perceived contrast being on average 53% of actual contrast for the migraine group and 68% for non-headache controls. CONCLUSIONS In between migraines, when asymptomatic, visual surround suppression for drifting stimuli is greater in individuals with migraine than in controls. The data provides evidence for a behaviourally measurable imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory visual processes in migraine and is incompatible with a simple model of reduced cortical inhibitory function within the visual system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Battista
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David R. Badcock
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Allison M. McKendrick
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karanovic O, Thabet M, Wilson HR, Wilkinson F. Detection and discrimination of flicker contrast in migraine. Cephalalgia 2011; 31:723-36. [PMID: 21493642 PMCID: PMC3571449 DOI: 10.1177/0333102411398401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Flickering light is strongly aversive to many individuals with migraine. This study was designed to evaluate other abnormalities in the processing of temporally modulating visual stimulation. METHODS We measured psychophysical thresholds for detection of a flickering target and for the discrimination of suprathreshold flicker contrasts (increment thresholds) in 14 migraineurs and 14 healthy controls with and without prior adaptation to high-contrast flicker. Visual discomfort (aversion) thresholds were also assessed. RESULTS In the baseline (no adaptation) conditions, detection and discrimination thresholds did not differ significantly between groups. Following adaptation, flicker detection thresholds were elevated equivalently in both groups; however, discrimination thresholds were more strongly affected in migraineurs than in controls, showing greater elevation at moderate contrasts and greater threshold reduction (sensitisation) at high contrast (70%). Migraineurs also had significantly elevated discomfort scores, and these were significantly correlated with number of years with migraine. DISCUSSION We conclude that visual flicker not only causes discomfort but also exerts measurable effects on contrast processing in the visual pathways in migraine. The findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature on habituation, adaptation and contrast-gain control.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertone A, Hanck J, Kogan C, Chaudhuri A, Cornish K. Using perceptual signatures to define and dissociate condition-specific neural etiology: autism and fragile X syndrome as model conditions. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 40:1531-40. [PMID: 20886276 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional link between genetic alteration and behavioral end-state is rarely straightforward and never linear. Cases where neurodevelopmental conditions defined by a distinct genetic etiology share behavioral phenotypes are exemplary, as is the case for autism and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In this paper and its companion paper, we propose a method for assessing the functional link between genotype and neural alteration across these target conditions by comparing their perceptual signatures. In the present paper, we discuss how such signatures can be used to (1) define and differentiate various aspects of neural functioning in autism and FXS, and subsequently, (2) to infer candidate causal (genetic) mechanisms based on such signatures (see companion paper, this issue).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Bertone
- Perceptual Neuroscience Laboratory for Autism and Developmental Conditions, University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, 7070 boulevard Perras, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen CS, Lee AW. Reply. Intern Med J 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Background: In visual metacontrast masking, the visibility of a brief target stimulus can be reduced substantially if it is preceded (forward masking) or followed (backward masking) by a non-overlapping mask. These effects have been attributed to inhibitory processes within the visual system. Two previous studies have used metacontrast masking to assess inhibitory function in migraine and control groups, however, each used different types of masking and obtained different results. Subjects and Methods: Forward, backward and combined forward and backward masking were compared in migraine (15 with visual aura, 15 without) and control ( n = 15) groups. Baseline trials were also included (target only). Results: For all types of masking, both migraine groups were more accurate than the control group. When performance for the masking trials was expressed relative to baseline, however, there were no significant group differences. Performance in certain conditions nevertheless correlated significantly with migraine frequency and with the recency of the last attack. Conclusions: The inhibitory processes involved in the masking tasks employed in this study do not appear to be impaired in migraine. Their better overall performance may reflect a sensitivity difference, perhaps as a consequence of a heightened neuronal response, which varies with the migraine cycle.
Collapse
|
16
|
Headache, facial pain, and disorders of facial sensation. Neuroophthalmology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2311-1.00019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
McKendrick AM, Sampson GP. Low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity deficits in migraine are not visual pathway selective. Cephalalgia 2009; 29:539-49. [PMID: 19250285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some people who experience migraine demonstrate reduced visual contrast sensitivity that is measurable between migraines. Contrast sensitivity loss to low spatial frequency gratings has been previously attributed to possible impairment of magnocellular pathway function. This study measured contrast sensitivity using low spatial frequency targets (0.25-4 c/deg) where the adaptation aspects of the stimuli were designed to preferentially assess either magnocellular or parvocellular pathway function (steady and pulsed pedestal technique). Twelve people with migraine with measured visual field abnormalities and 17 controls participated. Subjects were tested foveally and at 10 degrees eccentricity. Foveally, there was no significant difference in group mean contrast sensitivity. At 10 degrees , the migraine group demonstrated reduced contrast sensitivity for both the stimuli designed to assess magnocellular and parvocellular function (P < 0.05). The functional deficits measured in this study infer that abnormalities of the low spatial frequency sensitive channels of both pathways contribute to contrast sensitivity deficits in people with migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Harle DE, Shepherd AJ, Evans BJW. Visual stimuli are common triggers of migraine and are associated with pattern glare. Headache 2007; 46:1431-40. [PMID: 17040340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between interictal pattern glare, visual stress, and visual triggers of migraine. BACKGROUND There has been relatively little research on the visual stimuli that can trigger migraine episodes. This is surprising, since if practitioners can obviate such triggers, then some attacks may be prevented. The existing literature suggests that patients who are prone to visually triggered migraines report more illusions on viewing striped patterns ("pattern glare") and that colored filters may be an effective intervention for these people. METHODS Headache symptoms and headache triggers were investigated in migraine and control groups in 2 separate experiments. In one experiment, we also determined, for each participant, pattern glare, whether it was reduced by colored filters and, if so, what the optimum color of filter was. Color vision was also assessed with the D15 test. RESULTS People with migraine saw significantly more illusions on viewing each striped pattern and experienced greater pattern glare. They were also more likely to select a colored filter to aid visual comfort, particularly colors in the blue-to-green sector of the spectrum. Color vision was impaired subtly but significantly in migraine. Principal component analyses grouped common headache triggers into 5 broadly equal components: food, visual triggers, alcohol, stress and tiredness, and the environment. In a second analysis, the overall number of illusions seen in striped patterns was associated with visual triggers while pattern glare, use of colored filters, and interictal light sensitivity together formed a sixth component interpreted as visual stress. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that clinicians should ask migraine patients whether visual stimuli trigger their migraine, about interictal visual symptoms, and use the pattern glare test to ensure that those who may benefit from optometric interventions are appropriately managed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deacon E Harle
- The Neville Chappell Research Clinic, The Institute of Optometry, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bertone A, Faubert J. Demonstrations of Decreased Sensitivity to Complex Motion Information Not Enough to Propose an Autism-Specific Neural Etiology. J Autism Dev Disord 2005; 36:55-64. [PMID: 16374669 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest regarding neural information processing in autism is growing because atypical perceptual abilities are a characteristic feature of persons with autism. Central to our review is how characteristic perceptual abilities, referred to as perceptual signatures, can be used to suggest a neural etiology that is specific to autism. We review evidence from studies assessing both motion and form perception and how the resulting perceptual signatures are interpreted within the context of two main hypotheses regarding information processing in autism: the pathway- and complexity-specific hypotheses. We present evidence suggesting that an autism-specific neural etiology based on perceptual abilities can only be made when particular experimental paradigms are used, and that such an etiology is most congruent with the complexity-specific hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Bertone
- Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, Ecole d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gupta VK. Migrainous scintillating scotoma and headache is ocular in origin: A new hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2005; 66:454-60. [PMID: 16356654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain neuronal dysfunction has been implicated in pathogenesis of migraine but direct evidence is lacking. Scintillating scotoma of migraine is generally believed to originate at the visual cortex. While cortical spreading depression is a relatively late physiological alteration in migraine, its protective role in neuronal ischaemia is increasingly being recognized. Atenolol, nadolol, or verapamil prevent migraine but do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier or critically influence any brain or peripheral neuronal function. Typical migraine headache, aura, or scintillating scotoma has not been reported following enucleation or evisceration of the eye. In humans, pain and temperature fibres from only the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve reach the upper cervical spinal segments. Pain in migraine attacks including occipital and nuchal discomfort reflects selective involvement of the ophthalmic nerve. Photophobia is largely a retinal reflex involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Key clinical features of the migrainous scintillating scotoma are consistent with retinal origin. Spreading depression in the retina is well-established. A subtle regional ocular sympathetic deficit prevails in migraine patients and possibly impairs regulation of intraocular choroidal blood volume and intraocular pressure. Several first-line migraine prophylactic agents lower the intraocular pressure. The neuro-ophthalmological basis for a monocular origin of migrainous scintillating scotomata due to mechanical deformation of the posterior segment of the corneo-scleral envelope consequent to choroidal venous congestion and rise in intraocular pressure is presented. Study of distribution and displaceability of the migrainous scintillating scotoma can settle its site of origin. Headache of migraine possibly arises from a similar mechanical deformation of the anterior eye segment followed by antidromic discharge in the trigeminovascular system. Lateralizing negative deficits such as homonymous hemianopia probably reflect vasospastic complications of migraine. A rational explanation for the most characteristic clinical features of migraine and a new template to elucidate the pharmacological basis of anti-migraine drugs is offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Gupta
- Dubai Police Medical Services, P.O. Box 12005, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ditchfield JA, McKendrick AM, Badcock DR. Processing of global form and motion in migraineurs. Vision Res 2005; 46:141-8. [PMID: 16257032 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified anomalies of cortical visual processing in migraineurs that appear to extend beyond V1. Migraineurs respond differently than controls to transcranial magnetic stimulation of V5, and can demonstrate impairments of global motion processing. This study was designed to assess the integrity of intermediate stages of both motion and form processing in people with migraine. We measured the ability to integrate local orientation information into a global form percept, and to integrate local motion information into a global motion percept. Control subjects performed significantly better than migraineurs on both tasks, suggesting a diffuse visual cortical processing anomaly in migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ditchfield
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
There is a close relationship between headache and the visual system. Visual symptoms are prominent features of clinical syndromes such as migraine, cluster headache, and the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. There are also strong links between headache and the visual system on the basis of genetics, molecular biology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging. Studies of these links are leading to the development of novel therapies for a variety of headache syndromes. This review is designed to summarize the most recent literature on headache and the visual system. A particular emphasis is placed on publications of interest to clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Maxner
- Room 3819, Halifax Infirmary, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 1796 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3A7, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yenice O, Temel A, Incili B, Tuncer N. Short-wavelength automated perimetry in patients with migraine. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 244:589-95. [PMID: 16175372 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-005-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate short-wavelength sensitivity deficits in patients with migraine. METHODS Fifteen migraine and 18 age-matched healthy volunteers with normal ophthalmologic examination participated in this study. Migraine characteristics were graded by the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS). All participants underwent SWAP (short wavelength amplitude perimetry) testing using a Humphrey field analyzer; there was a 30-2 presentation pattern. RESULTS Short wavelength amplitude perimetry parameters for mean deviation (MD; p<0.0001) and pattern standard deviation (PSD; p<0.0001) were significantly worse in the migraine group. In the migraine group 53.3%. of eyes had glaucoma hemi-field tests (GHT) outside normal limits and 10 of these had early glaucomatous visual field loss. Statistically significant correlations were found between frequency of migraine attacks and MD (p=0.02; r=0.56) and PSD (p=0.03; r=0.41) and also between the MIDAS score and MD (p=0.03; r=0.49) and PSD (p=0.04; r=0.51). In all migraine cases with early glaucomatous visual field defect a corresponding site of the head was predominantly involved in headache (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Some patients with severe migraine have earlier defects on SWAP suggesting a common vascular insult of glaucoma and migraine, and all migraine cases with high MIDAS scores should be further evaluated for early glaucomatous visual field defects using SWAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yenice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harle DE, Evans BJW. Frequency doubling technology perimetry and standard automated perimetry in migraine. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005; 25:233-9. [PMID: 15854070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The literature suggests that visual field defects may be more common in people who experience migraine. The Humphrey frequency doubling (FDT) visual field instrument selectively examines the magnocellular visual pathway, but has not previously been used to investigate visual function in migraine. In a masked controlled study we compared Humphrey FDT and Humphrey Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm fields of 25 migraine sufferers with 25 age- and gender-matched controls. Although both mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were a little worse in the migraine group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no inter-eye visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. Comparing the mean of all the contrast thresholds in each hemisphere, there were no more inter-hemifield visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. There was no significant difference between the migraine and control groups in intra-ocular pressures. The visual field parameters were not correlated with the interval since the last migraine headache, the severity of migraine headache, the duration of migraine headache or the number of migraine headaches per annum. In our data, there was no evidence of visual field deficits, a magnocellular deficit, or indications of glaucomatous pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deacon E Harle
- The Neville Chappell Research Clinic, The Institute of Optometry, Newington Causeway, London.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bertone A, Mottron L, Jelenic P, Faubert J. Enhanced and diminished visuo-spatial information processing in autism depends on stimulus complexity. Brain 2005; 128:2430-41. [PMID: 15958508 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visuo-perceptual processing in autism is characterized by intact or enhanced performance on static spatial tasks and inferior performance on dynamic tasks, suggesting a deficit of dorsal visual stream processing in autism. However, previous findings by Bertone et al. indicate that neuro-integrative mechanisms used to detect complex motion, rather than motion perception per se, may be impaired in autism. We present here the first demonstration of concurrent enhanced and decreased performance in autism on the same visuo-spatial static task, wherein the only factor dichotomizing performance was the neural complexity required to discriminate grating orientation. The ability of persons with autism was found to be superior for identifying the orientation of simple, luminance-defined (or first-order) gratings but inferior for complex, texture-defined (or second-order) gratings. Using a flicker contrast sensitivity task, we demonstrated that this finding is probably not due to abnormal information processing at a sub-cortical level (magnocellular and parvocellular functioning). Together, these findings are interpreted as a clear indication of altered low-level perceptual information processing in autism, and confirm that the deficits and assets observed in autistic visual perception are contingent on the complexity of the neural network required to process a given type of visual stimulus. We suggest that atypical neural connectivity, resulting in enhanced lateral inhibition, may account for both enhanced and decreased low-level information processing in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Bertone
- Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, Ecole d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|