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Delmonte S, Benardon S, Cariti C, Ribero S, Ramoni S, Cusini M. Anogenital warts treatment options: a practical approach. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 155:261-268. [PMID: 30251804 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anogenital warts (AGWs) are an important issue for public health centers dealing with Sexually Transmitted Infections. They are epidemiologically relevant, with significant morbidity and an established effective treatment is lacking. In this article, we examine the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspect of the problem in order to give an up to date picture of the situation and a practical clue for the management of AGWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Delmonte
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Susanna Benardon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Dermatology, Maggiore Polyclinic Hospital, Ca' Granda IRCCS and Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Cariti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ramoni
- Unit of Dermatology, Maggiore Polyclinic Hospital, Ca' Granda IRCCS and Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cusini
- Unit of Dermatology, Maggiore Polyclinic Hospital, Ca' Granda IRCCS and Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Fichman Y, Levi A, Hodak E, Halachmi S, Mazor S, Wolf D, Caplan O, Lapidoth M. Efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment for common warts is not influenced by the causative HPV type: a prospective study. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:773-777. [PMID: 29218494 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Verruca vulgaris (VV) is a prevalent skin condition caused by various subtypes of human papilloma virus (HPV). The most common causes of non-genital lesions are HPV types 2 and 4, and to a lesser extent types 1, 3, 26, 29, and 57. Although numerous therapeutic modalities exist, none is universally effective or without adverse events (AE). Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is a favorable option due to its observed efficacy and relatively low AE rate. However, it is not known which verrucae are most likely to respond to PDL, or whether the causative viral subtype influences this response. The objective of this prospective blinded study was to assess whether the HPV subtype was predictive of response to PDL. For that matter, 26 verrucae from 26 immunocompetent patients were biopsied prior to treatment by PDL. HPV coding sequences were isolated and genotyped using PCR analysis. Patients were treated by PDL (595 nm wavelength, 5 mm spot size, 1.5 ms pulse duration, 12 J/cm2 fluence) once a month for up to 6 months, and clinical response was assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis and linear logistic regression analysis were used in order to evaluate statistical significance. Different types of HPV were identified in 22 of 26 tissue samples. Response to treatment did not correlate with HPV type, age, or gender. As no association between HPV type and response to PDL therapy could be established, it is therefore equally effective for all HPV types and remains a favorable treatment option for all VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Fichman
- Plastic Surgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Assi Levi
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Emmilia Hodak
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Sigal Mazor
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Caplan
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidoth
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hawkins MG, Winder DM, Ball SLR, Vaughan K, Sonnex C, Stanley MA, Sterling JC, Goon PKC. Detection of specific HPV subtypes responsible for the pathogenesis of condylomata acuminata. Virol J 2013; 10:137. [PMID: 23634957 PMCID: PMC3658907 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low-risk human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are responsible for approximately 90% of anogenital wart cases, with approximately 190,000 new and recurrent cases reported in the UK in 2010. The UK has recently selected the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, which conveys protection against both HPV6 and HPV 11, as part of its immunisation programme for 2012 and it is expected that this will reduce disease burden in the UK. The aims of the study were to evaluate current strategies used for the monitoring of HPV infection in genital warts and to assess the suitability of laser-capture microdissection (LCM) as a technique to improve the understanding of the natural history of HPV types associated with genital wart lesions. METHODS DNA and RNA were extracted from whole wart, surface swabs and LCM sections from 23 patients. HPV types present were determined using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test (Roche), with HPV DNA viral load and mRNA expression investigated using qPCR and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Results indicated that swabbing the surface of warts does not accurately reflect potential causative HPV types present within a wart lesion, multiple HPV types being present on the surface of the wart that are absent in the lower layers of tissue isolated by LCM. Although it was shown that HPV DNA viral load does not directly correlate with HPV mRNA load, the presence of both DNA and mRNA from a single HPV type suggested a causative role in lesion development in 8/12 (66.6%) of patients analysed, with dual infections seen in 4/12 (33.3%) cases. HPV 6 and HPV 11 were present in more than 90% of the lesions examined. CONCLUSIONS Surface swabbing of warts does not necessarily reflect the causative HPV types. HPV type specific DNA and mRNA loads do not correlate. HPV 6 and 11 were likely to be causally involved in over 90% of the lesions. Dual infections were also found, and further studies are required to determine the biological and clinical nature of dual/multiple infections and to establish the relationship of multiple HPV types within a single lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Hawkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Tomson N, Sterling J, Ahmed I, Hague J, Berth-Jones J. Human papillomavirus typing of warts and response to cryotherapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:1108-11. [PMID: 21812829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous warts are common and caused by a number of different types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV types causing common warts and to determine any association between the HPV type and the duration of warts and response to cryotherapy. METHODS Eighty wart samples from 76 immunocompetent patients were taken from warts by paring prior to cryotherapy and analysed by in situ hybridization (ISH) with HPV probes specific to HPV 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 57 and PCR analysis using degenerate cutaneous HPV primers with subsequent DNA sequencing. Each patient's details, including site, duration and response of the wart to cryotherapy were recorded. Cryotherapy was performed at 2 week intervals for a maximum of 12 weeks. RESULTS An HPV type was identified in 65 samples. The majority of warts (58 samples) were typed as HPV 2/27/57 by ISH and/or PCR. Three of the 18 samples that were HPV negative with ISH were HPV positive by PCR. Response to treatment did not correlate with HPV type, duration or location. In the 21 wart parings taken from patients aged 16 and under, response to treatment did not correlate with HPV type but warts of shorter duration were more likely to resolve with cryotherapy treatment than longer standing lesions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that HPV type can be determined from wart parings. HPV-2 related viruses are the prevalent HPV types causing common warts on the hands and feet in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tomson
- Department of Dermatology, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust, Suffolk, UK.
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