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Miyazaki S, Nakano H, Mizuno M, Ozaki S, Hoashi T, Kanda N, Saeki H. Two novel mutations in the ATP2C1 gene found in Japanese patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. J Dermatol 2022; 49:656-660. [PMID: 35274376 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis and the defective gene in HHD is ATP2C1, which encodes secretory pathway Ca2+ /Mn2+ ATPase type 1 (SPCA1). Here we report four Japanese HHD patients showing three kinds of mutations with premature termination codons in the ATP2C1 gene, including two novel ones. Patient 1 was a 39-year-old man with a novel heterozygous mutation, c.664dup in exon 8 (p.N215Kfs*26). Patient 2 was a 33-year-old man (the younger brother of patient 1) with the same mutation as patient 1. Patient 3 was a 55-year-old man with a previously reported heterozygous mutation, c.519dup in exon 7 (p.R174Tfs*4). Patient 4 was a 33-year-old woman with a novel heterozygous mutation, c.2640del in exon 27 (p.L881Ffs*10). The clinical characteristics of our four cases varied in disease severity and the response to treatment. The present cases enrich the database of mutational analysis for HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Miyazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maki Mizuno
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Ozaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Lam CW. Ending diagnostic odyssey using clinical whole-exome sequencing (CWES). J LAB MED 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2021-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Most rare diseases are genetic diseases. Due to the diversity of rare diseases and the high likelihood of patients with rare diseases to be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, it is not unusual that these patients undergo a long diagnostic odyssey before they receive a definitive diagnosis. This situation presents a clear need to set up a dedicated clinical service to end the diagnostic odyssey of patients with rare diseases.
Methods
Therefore, in 2014, we started an Undiagnosed Diseases Program in Hong Kong with the aim of ending the diagnostic odyssey of patients and families with rare diseases by clinical whole-exome sequencing (CWES), who have not received a definitive diagnosis after extensive investigation.
Results
In this program, we have shown that genetic diseases diagnosed by CWES were different from that using traditional approaches indicating that CWES is an essential tool to diagnose rare diseases and ending diagnostic odysseys. In addition, we identified several novel genes responsible for monogenic diseases. These include the TOP2B gene for autism spectrum disorder, the DTYMK gene for severe cerebral atrophy, the KIF13A gene for a new mosaic ectodermal syndrome associated with hypomelanosis of Ito, and the CDC25B gene for a new syndrome of cardiomyopathy and endocrinopathy.
Conclusions
With the incorporation of CWES in an Undiagnosed Diseases Program, we have ended diagnostic odysseys of patients with rare diseases in Hong Kong in the past 7 years. In this program, we have shown that CWES is an essential tool to end diagnostic odysseys. With the declining cost of next-generation sequencers and reagents, CWES set-ups are now affordable for clinical laboratories. Indeed, owing to the increasing availability of CWES and treatment modalities for rare diseases, precedence can be given to both common and rare medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
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3
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Xiao Z, Liu ZG, Ou Yang XL, Yu SM, Zeng JR, Li CM. Two Novel Variants and One Previously Reported Variant in the ATP2C1 Gene in Chinese Hailey-Hailey Disease Patients. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:148-153. [PMID: 34177430 PMCID: PMC8216019 DOI: 10.1159/000514282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It is characterized clinically by recurrent erosions, blisters and erythematous plaques at the sites of friction and intertriginous areas. The pathogenic gene of HHD was reported to be the ATPase calcium-transporting type 2C member 1 gene (ATP2C1). In this study, genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of ATP2C1 were performed from 3 Chinese pedigrees and 4 sporadic cases of HHD. We detected 3 heterozygous mutations, including 2 novel mutations (c.1673_1674insGTTG and c.2225A>G) and 1 recurrent nonsense mutation (c.1402C>T; NM_014382.4). The ATP2C1 gene was also screened in the asymptomatic members of pedigrees. Our results would further expand the mutation spectrum of the ATP2C1 gene and be helpful in the genetic counseling of patients with HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Ou Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Si-Min Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Rong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Fengcheng City, Yichun, China
| | - Chun-Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Sun L, Yu X, Pang Z, Liu H, Zhang F. Whole exome sequencing improves mutation detection in Hailey-Hailey disease. J Dermatol 2021; 48:989-992. [PMID: 33878236 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant monogenic disease that is defective in the ATP2C1 gene. In previous studies, Sanger sequencing was the main method applied to detect mutations in HHD patients, and no mutations in the ATP2C1 gene were found in 12-55% of those reported. The aim of our study was to carry out whole exome sequencing (WES) for the HHD patients in whom efforts to identify mutations by Sanger sequencing had failed, and to find a new pathogenic gene. WES was performed using genomic DNA from 13 HHD patients and 364 in-house healthy controls. Potential pathogenic mutations were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. As a result, eight mutations in the ATP2C1 gene were identified using WES. In the remaining five patients, we found one mutation in the ATP2A2 gene which was the causal gene of Darier's disease. Four patients had no detectable mutations in ATP2C1 and the other ATPase genes. Together with our previous study in 2019, the total mutation rate was calculated to be 47/52 (90.4%). These findings demonstrate that WES is capable of improving the mutation detection sensitivity in HHD compared with Sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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5
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Sawicka J, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A, Woźniak K, Tysarowski A, Osipowicz K, Poznański J, Rygiel AM, Braun-Walicka N, Niepokój K, Bal J, Kowalewski C, Wertheim-Tysarowska K. Novel and recurrent variants of ATP2C1 identified in patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:187-193. [PMID: 31983024 PMCID: PMC7148260 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare, late-onset autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by blisters, vesicular lesions, crusted erosions, and erythematous scaly plaques predominantly in intertriginous regions. HHD is caused by ATP2C1 mutations. About 180 distinct mutations have been identified so far; however, data of only few cases from Central Europe are available. The aim was to analyze the ATP2C1 gene in a cohort of Polish HHD patients. A group of 18 patients was enrolled in the study based on specific clinical symptoms. Mutations were detected using Sanger or next generation sequencing. In silico analysis was performed by prediction algorisms and dynamic structural modeling. In two cases, mRNA analysis was performed to confirm aberrant splicing. We detected 13 different mutations, including 8 novel, 2 recurrent (p.Gly850Ter and c.325-3 T > G), and 6 sporadic (c.423-1G > T, c.899 + 1G > A, p.Leu539Pro, p.Thr808TyrfsTer16, p.Gln855Arg and a complex allele: c.[1610C > G;1741 + 3A > G]). In silico analysis shows that all novel missense variants are pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We confirmed pathogenic status for two novel variants c.325-3 T > G and c.[1610C > G;1741 + 3A > G] by mRNA analysis. Our results broaden the knowledge about genetic heterogeneity in Central European patients with ATP2C1 mutations and also give further evidence that careful and multifactorial evaluation of variant pathogenicity status is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sawicka
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - A Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - K Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 00-001, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - A Tysarowski
- Translational and Molecular Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. K. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - K Osipowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 00-001, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - J Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - A M Rygiel
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - N Braun-Walicka
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - K Niepokój
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - J Bal
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - C Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 00-001, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - K Wertheim-Tysarowska
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, PL, Poland.
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6
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Factors in the disease severity of ATP1A3 mutations: Impairment, misfolding, and allele competition. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104577. [PMID: 31425744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations of ATP1A3, a neuronal Na,K-ATPase α subunit isoform, cause neurological disorders with an exceptionally wide range of severity. Several new mutations and their phenotypes are reported here (p.Asp366His, p.Asp742Tyr, p.Asp743His, p.Leu924Pro, and a VUS, p.Arg463Cys). Mutations associated with mild or severe phenotypes [rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE)] were expressed in HEK-293 cells. Paradoxically, the severity of human symptoms did not correlate with whether there was enough residual activity to support cell survival. We hypothesized that distinct cellular consequences may result not only from pump inactivation but also from protein misfolding. Biosynthesis was investigated in four tetracycline-inducible isogenic cell lines representing different human phenotypes. Two cell biological complications were found. First, there was impaired trafficking of αβ complex to Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane, as well as changes in cell morphology, for two mutations that produced microcephaly or regions of brain atrophy in patients. Second, there was competition between exogenous mutant ATP1A3 (α3) and endogenous ATP1A1 (α1) so that their sum was constant. This predicts that in patients, the ratio of normal to mutant ATP1A3 proteins will vary when misfolding occurs. At the two extremes, the results suggest that a heterozygous mutation that only impairs Na,K-ATPase activity will produce relatively mild disease, while one that activates the unfolded protein response could produce severe disease and may result in death of neurons independently of ion pump inactivation.
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7
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Gu K, Silver S. A Case of Hailey-Hailey Disease Managed With Oral Magnesium Citrate and High-Dose Vitamin D3. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 22:362-364. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475418756377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease, or benign familial pemphigus, is a rare blistering disease originally described in 1939. The disease is due to an autosomal dominant mutation in the ATP2C1 gene on chromosome 3, which encodes for an adenosine triphosphate–dependent calcium pump in the Golgi apparatus whose function is to maintain intercellular calcium homeostasis. Common treatments for Hailey-Hailey disease involve calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, topical or systemic antibiotics, topical antifungals, ablative lasers, or botulin toxin. In this case report, we highlight a unique case of Hailey-Hailey disease that was resistant to many conventional therapies and ultimately managed with oral magnesium citrate and high-dose vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaien Gu
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shane Silver
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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8
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Kono M, Niizawa M, Takeichi T, Muro Y, Akiyama M. Mild Hailey-Hailey disease cases with aberrant splicing variants of ATP2C1 successfully controlled with excimer light. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e413-e416. [PMID: 29705999 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Niizawa
- Niizawa Dermatology Clinic, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Xu K, Shi B, Diao Q, Jiang X, Xiao Y. Identification of 2 Novel Mutations in ATP2C1 Gene in Hailey-Hailey Disease and a Literature Review of Variations in a Chinese Han Population. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:352-361. [PMID: 29104283 PMCID: PMC5687790 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.906137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant skin condition. The ATP2C1 gene was identified as the defective gene in HHD. To date, 166 pathogenic mutations in ATP2C1 have been observed worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify variations in HHD and summarize the features of the mutations identified in China. Material/Methods We examined 2 familial and 2 sporadic cases of HHD. Genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of the ATP2C1 were performed from HHD patients, unaffected family members, and 200 healthy individuals. We also searched the published literature for data about the ATP2C1 gene using PubMed and the Chinese Biological Medicine Database. Results We detected 3 heterozygous mutations, including 2 novel frameshift mutations (c.819insA (273LfsX) and c.1264insTAGATGG (421LfsX)) and 1 recurrent nonsense mutation (c.115C>T (R39X)). To the best of our knowledge, 90 different mutations (including our current results) have been reported in China, all of which occurred in the Chinese Han population. Conclusions Our data may add to the existing list of ATP2C1 mutations and provide new insight into genetic variants of HHD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First People's Hospital of Chongqing City), Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Bingjun Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First People's Hospital of Chongqing City), Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qingchun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First People's Hospital of Chongqing City), Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First People's Hospital of Chongqing City), Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yujuan Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First People's Hospital of Chongqing City), Chongqing, China (mainland)
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10
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Deng H, Xiao H. The role of the ATP2C1 gene in Hailey-Hailey disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3687-3696. [PMID: 28551824 PMCID: PMC11107712 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant acantholytic dermatosis, characterized by a chronic course of repeated and exacerbated skin lesions in friction regions. The pathogenic gene of HHD was reported to be the ATPase calcium-transporting type 2C member 1 gene (ATP2C1) located on chromosome 3q21-q24. Its function is to maintain normal intracellular concentrations of Ca2+/Mn2+ by transporting Ca2+/Mn2+ into the Golgi apparatus. ATP2C1 gene mutations are reportedly responsible for abnormal cytosolic Ca2+/Mn2+ levels and the clinical manifestations of HHD. Environmental factors and genetic modifiers may also affect the clinical variability of HHD. This article aims to critically discuss the clinical and pathological features of HHD, differential diagnoses, and genetic and functional studies of the ATP2C1 gene in HHD. Further understanding the role of the ATP2C1 gene in the pathogenesis of HHD by genetic, molecular, and animal studies may contribute to a better clinical diagnosis and provide new strategies for the treatment and prevention of HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Xiao
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Nellen RGL, Steijlen PM, van Steensel MAM, Vreeburg M, Frank J, van Geel M. Mendelian Disorders of Cornification Caused by Defects in Intracellular Calcium Pumps: Mutation Update and Database for Variants in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 Associated with Darier Disease and Hailey-Hailey Disease. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:343-356. [PMID: 28035777 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The two disorders of cornification associated with mutations in genes coding for intracellular calcium pumps are Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD). DD is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, whereas the ATP2C1 gene is associated with HHD. Both are inherited as autosomal-dominant traits. DD is mainly defined by warty papules in seborrheic and flexural areas, whereas the major symptoms of HHD are vesicles and erosions in flexural skin. Both phenotypes are highly variable. In 12%-40% of DD patients and 12%-55% of HHD patients, no mutations in ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 are found. We provide a comprehensive review of clinical variability in DD and HHD and a review of all reported mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1. Having the entire spectrum of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 variants allows us to address the question of a genotype-phenotype correlation, which has not been settled unequivocally in DD and HHD. We created a database for all mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 using the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD v3.0), for variants reported in the literature and future inclusions. This data may be of use as a reference tool in further research on treatment of DD and HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G L Nellen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michel van Geel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Micaroni M, Giacchetti G, Plebani R, Xiao GG, Federici L. ATP2C1 gene mutations in Hailey-Hailey disease and possible roles of SPCA1 isoforms in membrane trafficking. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2259. [PMID: 27277681 PMCID: PMC5143377 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP2C1 gene codes for the secretory pathway Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase pump type 1 (SPCA1) localizing at the golgi apparatus. Mutations on the human ATP2C1 gene, causing decreased levels of the SPCA1 expression, have been identified as the cause of the Hailey-Hailey disease, a rare skin disorder. In the last few years, several mutations have been described, and here we summarize how they are distributed along the gene and how missense mutations affect protein expression. SPCA1 is expressed in four different isoforms through alternative splicing of the ATP2C1 gene and none of these isoforms is differentially affected by any of these mutations. However, a better understanding of the tissue specific expression of the isoforms, their localization along the secretory pathway, their specific binding partners and the role of the C-terminal tail making isoforms different from each other, will be future goals of the research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Micaroni
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - G Giacchetti
- Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - R Plebani
- Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - G G Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - L Federici
- Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
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13
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Wu MC, Liao YC, Chao SC. Mutation analysis of the ATP2C1 gene in Taiwanese patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. DERMATOL SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1027-8117(10)60012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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