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Bristow I. Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16400. [PMID: 36554279 PMCID: PMC9779159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous warts are common lesions in children caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and for most lesions spontaneously resolve within months of the initial infection, regardless of treatment. The infection is most prevalent in the second decade of life affecting over 40% of children. Studies have demonstrated wart virus carriage on normal skin is higher in children with active lesions and family members. Subtypes HPV 2, HPV 27, HPV 57 and HPV 63 are particularly common in paediatric populations. Warts arising on the plantar surface of the foot (verrucae) can be particularly problematic owing to the location. They may interfere with daily activities causing pain and embarrassment. Plantar lesions have been shown to be more resistant to treatment than warts elsewhere on the skin. Systematic reviews and studies conducted over the last decade have demonstrated little evidence of innovation or effective improvements in treatment of recalcitrant lesions over the last 30 years. However, newer modalities such as immunotherapy (using injected vaccines) and hyperthermia using microwave treatment may hold promise in improving the treatment of these common and therapeutically frustrating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bristow
- Private Practice, Lymington, Hampshire SO41 9AH, UK
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2
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Wang Y, Ge G, Mao R, Wang Z, Sun YZ, Du YG, Gao XH, Qi RQ, Chen HD. Genotyping of 30 kinds of cutaneous human papillomaviruses by a multiplex microfluidic loop-mediated isothermal amplification and visual detection method. Virol J 2020; 17:99. [PMID: 32646520 PMCID: PMC7345449 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a group of non-enveloped small viruses with double-stranded circular DNA which lead to multiple skin diseases such as benign warts, are commonly seen in clinics. The current HPV detection systems aim mainly at mucosal HPVs, however, an efficient clinical approach for cutaneous HPVs detection is lacking. Objectives To establish a rapid detection system for cutaneous HPVs using a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye in combination with microfluidic technology. Methods L1 DNA sequences of the 30 cutaneous HPVs were chemically synthesized, and LAMP primers against L1 DNA were designed with use of an online LAMP designing tool. Isothermal amplification was performed with use of a water bath and the amplification results were inspected with the naked eye. Using PCR sequencing as a control method, the specificity and sensitivity of the new detection system were obtained by detecting clinical samples. Results The lower detection limit of the LAMP assay was 107 viral DNA copies/μl when tested on synthesized L1 DNA sequences, which was better than the conventional PCR. Compared to PCR sequencing, the sensitivity of HPV27, HPV2, HPV1, HPV57, HPV3, HPV4, HPV7 and HPV75 genotypes detections were 100%, whereas the specificity was 34.55, 45.12, 95.83, 98.59 and 97.62% respectively, when tested on clinical samples. Conclusions The new cutaneous type HPV detection system is characterized by both a good sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Department of education of Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China
| | - Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Department of education of Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA and State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Rui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA and State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA and State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhe Sun
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 2 Lujing Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510091, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guang Du
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA and State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Department of education of Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Department of education of Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology (China Medical University), Department of education of Liaoning Province, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, PR China
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Dardet JP, Blasingame NP, Okpare D, Leffler L, Barbosa P. Plantar Verrucae in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: 25 Years of Research of a Viral Coinfection. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2020; 37:317-325. [PMID: 32146987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A higher incidence of plantar verrucae, commonly known as plantar warts, has been shown in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Several strains of human papillomavirus are associated with clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae. In this literature review, we examine the incidence and clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae in dual coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus. We discuss changes in the clinical scenario brought about by the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy. As a clinical condition with notable presence in podiatric medicine, we also confer these findings to increase clinical awareness with treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Dardet
- Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, PO Box 12383, San Juan, PR 00914-8505, USA
| | | | - Daniel Okpare
- New York College of Podiatric Medicine, 53 East 124th Street, New York, NY 10035, USA
| | - Luke Leffler
- New York College of Podiatric Medicine, 53 East 124th Street, New York, NY 10035, USA
| | - Peter Barbosa
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, PO Box 12383, San Juan, PR 00914-8505, USA.
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4
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The selection of wart treatment method based on Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and Axiomatic Fuzzy Set theory. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Piña AR, Fonseca FP, Pontes FSC, Pontes HAR, Pires FR, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Aguirre-Urizar JM, de Almeida OP. Benign epithelial oral lesions - association with human papillomavirus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e290-e295. [PMID: 31011139 PMCID: PMC6530955 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of human papilloma virus in benign oral lesions has been studied by different techniques obtaining extremely variable results. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of human papillomavirus in 83 cases of benign hyperplastic epithelial oral lesions. Material and Methods Eighty-three oral lesions with clinical or histopathological features suggestive of HPV infection were retrieved from the files of four oral pathology services. Demographic data were obtained from patient´s medical charts. All cases had available clinical image, H&E preparations and paraffin blocks with enough tissue for HPV detection by in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical reactions for Ki67. Results Episomal positivity for wide spectrum HPV was observed in 24% of the cases; most of them (70%) HPV 6/11 positive. HPV 16/18 was not detected. Condyloma acuminatum was the most common lesion associated with HPV (75%), followed by verruca vulgaris (15%), squamous papilloma and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, 5% each. Koilocytes were identified in all the HPV positive cases. Ki67 showed an abnormal proliferation pattern in 90% of the HPV positive cases; most of them (70%) showing groups of proliferating cells in focal superficial regions, and in 20% positivity was seen almost in the whole thickness of the epithelium. HPV negative cases showed Ki67 positive cells restricted to the basal layer. Conclusions Regarding oral lesions associated with HPV, condyloma is the most common lesion expressing low-risk subtypes. The etiology of squamous papilloma remains controversial as HPV was found in 1.9% of the cases. The identification of koilocytes and the pattern of expression of Ki67 reflect HPV infection and are helpful for classification. Papillary oral lesions not associated to HPV deserve further studies to better clarify its etiology. Key words:Human papillomavirus, condyloma, papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-R Piña
- Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, P.O. Box 52, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Liu J, Li H, Yang F, Ren Y, Xia T, Zhao Z, Cao X, Wang Z, Yin M, Lu S. Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15450. [PMID: 30337549 PMCID: PMC6194033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hands and feet of 15,384 undergraduate and postgraduate students in 3 colleges in Beijing were examined for the presence of cutaneous warts at college-entry, and those diagnosed with warts were followed up 2-3 years later. We identified totally 215 (1.4%; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6%) students with warts. The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P < 0.0001). Of the 215 patients, 66.9% and 62.1% had only one wart and 98.3% and 93.2% had warts <1 cm in diameter, on the hands and feet, respectively. Of the 130 patients with a follow-up visit, 78 did not receive any treatment (44 recovered within 2 years). Patients aged 21-25 compared to those aged ≤20 were more likely to be free of warts (hazard ratio = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.07-2.89), while lower father's education (hazard ratio = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.98) and poor sleep quality (hazard ratio = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.92) decreased the likelihood of resolution. The prevalence of warts is 1.4% in college students. The majority of patients have warts <1 cm and approximately 2/3 patients has one wart. Slightly over half of patients recover spontaneously within 2 years. Patients' age, sleep quality, and paternal education may affect the resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongtian Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuqing, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Yingyun Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Tianbao Xia
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zigang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaojia Cao
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mengmeng Yin
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shichao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China.
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7
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Predicting the success of wart treatment methods using decision tree based fuzzy informative images. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Hogendoorn G, Bruggink S, de Koning M, Eekhof J, Hermans K, Rissmann R, Burggraaf J, Wolterbeek R, Quint K, Kouwenhoven S, Bouwes Bavinck J. Morphological characteristics and human papillomavirus genotype predict the treatment response in cutaneous warts. Br J Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.K. Hogendoorn
- Centre for Human Drug Research Zernikedreef 8 2333 CL Leiden the Netherlands
| | - S.C. Bruggink
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - M.N.C. de Koning
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory Visseringlaan 25 2288 ER Rijswijk the Netherlands
| | - J.A.H. Eekhof
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - K.E. Hermans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - R. Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research Zernikedreef 8 2333 CL Leiden the Netherlands
| | - J. Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research Zernikedreef 8 2333 CL Leiden the Netherlands
| | - R. Wolterbeek
- Department of Medical Statistics Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - K.D. Quint
- Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology Roosevelt Clinics Rooseveltstraat 67 2321 BL Leiden the Netherlands
| | - S.T.P. Kouwenhoven
- Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - J.N. Bouwes Bavinck
- Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Centre Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA Leiden the Netherlands
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Fichman Y, Levi A, Hodak E, Halachmi S, Mazor S, Wolf D, Caplan O, Lapidoth M. Efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment for common warts is not influenced by the causative HPV type: a prospective study. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:773-777. [PMID: 29218494 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Verruca vulgaris (VV) is a prevalent skin condition caused by various subtypes of human papilloma virus (HPV). The most common causes of non-genital lesions are HPV types 2 and 4, and to a lesser extent types 1, 3, 26, 29, and 57. Although numerous therapeutic modalities exist, none is universally effective or without adverse events (AE). Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is a favorable option due to its observed efficacy and relatively low AE rate. However, it is not known which verrucae are most likely to respond to PDL, or whether the causative viral subtype influences this response. The objective of this prospective blinded study was to assess whether the HPV subtype was predictive of response to PDL. For that matter, 26 verrucae from 26 immunocompetent patients were biopsied prior to treatment by PDL. HPV coding sequences were isolated and genotyped using PCR analysis. Patients were treated by PDL (595 nm wavelength, 5 mm spot size, 1.5 ms pulse duration, 12 J/cm2 fluence) once a month for up to 6 months, and clinical response was assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis and linear logistic regression analysis were used in order to evaluate statistical significance. Different types of HPV were identified in 22 of 26 tissue samples. Response to treatment did not correlate with HPV type, age, or gender. As no association between HPV type and response to PDL therapy could be established, it is therefore equally effective for all HPV types and remains a favorable treatment option for all VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Fichman
- Plastic Surgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Assi Levi
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Emmilia Hodak
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Sigal Mazor
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Caplan
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidoth
- Photodermatoses Clinic, Laser Unit, Dermatology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Park SE, Ha JW, Kim CW, Kim SS. Preliminary study of analyzing mucosal human papillomaviruses in cutaneous warts by restriction fragment mass polymorphism. J Dermatol 2017; 44:1368-1373. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- So Eun Park
- Department of Dermatology; Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jae Won Ha
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Seok Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Amirnia M, Khodaeiani E, Fouladi DF, Masoudnia S. Intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in recalcitrant wart: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial including an extra group of candidates for cryotherapy. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 27:173-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1078871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Na CH, Choi H, Song SH, Kim MS, Shin BS. Two-year experience of using the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine as intralesional immunotherapy for warts. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 39:583-9. [PMID: 24934912 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently available treatments for warts, including cryosurgery, laser surgery, electrosurgery, and topical keratolytic applications, are often very painful and can induce disfiguring scars. Recently, intralesional immunotherapy with skin test antigens and vaccines has been shown to be effective in the management of warts. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of a new intralesional immunotherapy for warts, using the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. METHODS A retrospective study was performed, and we enrolled 136 patients with various types of warts into the study, which was for a duration of 2 years. Patients were treated for a total of six times at 2-week intervals. The treatment response was classified as one of three levels, based on reduction in the size and number of warts, and patients with complete response (CR) were checked for recurrence. Clinical evaluations were carried out using photographs and medical records. RESULTS Over half (51.5%) of patients experienced > 50% reduction in the size and number of warts, and 46.7% who had distant warts (in different locations) showed good response. Common warts showed significantly higher treatment response than other types of warts (P < 0.05). However, other clinical variables did not have any effect on efficacy. Almost all the patients reported mild pain during the injection, but other side effects were rarely observed. Only 5.6% of patients who experienced CR had recurrence of warts after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that intralesional immunotherapy with MMR vaccine is a tolerable and effective method for patients who are sensitive to pain, concerned about side effects, or have common warts. Treatment response is improved by increasing the number of injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Na
- Department of Dermatology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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13
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de Koning MNC, Quint KD, Bruggink SC, Gussekloo J, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Feltkamp MCW, Quint WGV, Eekhof JAH. High prevalence of cutaneous warts in elementary school children and the ubiquitous presence of wart-associated human papillomavirus on clinically normal skin. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:196-201. [PMID: 24976535 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of Dutch primary school children have cutaneous warts; each year around 20% of them seek medical treatment. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) causing these warts. OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution of cutaneous wart-associated HPV types in three primary school classes by analysing skin swabs taken from warts, and the forehead, hand dorsum and sole of the foot of included children. METHODS Using the hyperkeratotic skin lesion polymerase chain reaction/multiplex genotyping assay, each swab sample was used to genotype for 23 cutaneous wart-associated HPV types. RESULTS Thirty-one (44%) of the 71 children had a total of 69 warts, with a maximum of six warts per child. In the wart swabs, HPV2, HPV27 and HPV57, members of Alphapapillomavirus species 4, were most frequently detected (27%, 32% and 14%, respectively), whereas HPV1 was only found in two plantar warts. The prevalence of HPV carriage, detected in swabs of clinically normal skin of the forehead, left hand and left sole was 80%, with the most prevalent types being HPV1 (59%), HPV2 (42%), HPV63 (25%) and HPV27 (21%). CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous wart-associated HPV types were highly prevalent in primary school children, but did not correlate with the HPV types in warts. In contrast to the existing literature, HPV1 was frequently detected on clinically normal skin but was much less frequent in warts.
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Strom MA, Lio PA. Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Dermatology: What Is the Evidence? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-014-0086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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King CM, Johnston JS, Ofili K, Tam M, Palefsky J, Da Costa M, Mathur Y, Barbosa P. Human papillomavirus types 2, 27, and 57 Identified in plantar verrucae from HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2014; 104:141-6. [PMID: 24725033 DOI: 10.7547/0003-0538-104.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an increased prevalence of plantar verrucae has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) typing studies have not been published about this patient population. We sought to determine the prevalence of HPV types in plantar verrucae of HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) individuals. METHODS Thirty-nine plantar verruca lesions in 17 individuals were examined. Nine participants were HIV+ and eight were HIV-. Detection of HPV was performed by polymerase chain reaction using two sets of primers: MY09/MY11. The type of HPV was determined by hybridization to 38 different HPV types. Clinical types of verrucae were correlated to the HPV strain identified in each lesion. RESULTS Of the 39 plantar verruca samples, 38 typed to HPV-2, HPV-27, and HPV-57 strains in HIV+ and HIV- individuals. Specifically, a large proportion of the samples from HIV- individuals typed as HPV-27 (87.5%), and HPV-2 was the predominant type identified in HIV+ individuals (50%). No rare or atypical HPV types were found in either group. We identified HPV-2 and HPV-27 in 96% of verruca plantaris clinical type. Mosaic warts typed to HPV-27 and HPV-57, and 80% of punctate verrucae typed to HPV-57. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an increased prevalence of HPV-2, HPV-27, and HPV-57 in plantar verrucae in this study population and provides insight into the occurrence of these types in HIV+ and HIV- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M King
- California School of Podiatric Medicine at Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, CA. Dr. King is now with Kaiser Permanente Oakland, Oakland, CA. Dr. Johnston is now with Orthopedic Surgery Specialists, Aberdeen, SD. Dr. Ofili is now with San Francisco Bay Area Foot and Ankle Residency Program, 2nd year. Dr. Tam is now with Kaiser Permanente Vallejo, Vallejo, CA
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Al Bdour S, Akkash L, Shehabi AA. Detection and typing of common human papillomaviruses among Jordanian patients. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1058-62. [PMID: 23588732 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) genotype distribution of cutaneous warts in Jordanian patients were studied. A total of 200 samples were collected using skin swabs from patients with warts attending the dermatology clinic at the Jordan University Hospital over the period of June 2010 to October 2010. Another 100 control samples were taken from healthy Jordanian individuals with no current or previous history of warts. DNA extraction and sequencing was carried out using PCR with the FAP primer pair to detect HPV DNA, followed by multiple-type-specific (Multiplex) PCR combined with DNA sequencing. The prevalence of HPV among Jordanian patients tested with warts diagnosed clinically was 82% (157/192); of these 45% (87/192) were detected by FAP PCR method, and 37% (70/192) were detected by multiplex PCR method. Sequencing of the FAP positive samples shows that HPV 2 was associated with the highest prevalence (36%), followed by HPV 27 (28%) and HPV 57 (21%). A total of 6% of healthy persons were positive for HPV DNA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that alpha HPV types (HPV 2, HPV 27, and HPV 57) are associated with the most prevalent cutaneous warts in Jordanian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Al Bdour
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Bruggink SC, Gussekloo J, de Koning MN, Feltkamp MC, Bavinck JNB, Quint WG, Assendelft WJ, Eekhof JA. HPV type in plantar warts influences natural course and treatment response: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Virol 2013; 57:227-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bruggink SC, de Koning MNC, Gussekloo J, Egberts PF, Ter Schegget J, Feltkamp MCW, Bavinck JNB, Quint WGV, Assendelft WJJ, Eekhof JAH. Cutaneous wart-associated HPV types: prevalence and relation with patient characteristics. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:250-5. [PMID: 22884670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data on cutaneous wart-associated HPV types are rare. OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of cutaneous wart-associated HPV types and their relation with patient characteristics. STUDY DESIGN Swabs were taken from all 744 warts of 246 consecutive immunocompetent participants and analysed by a broad spectrum HSL-PCR/MPG assay. Patient details including location, duration, and number of warts were recorded. RESULTS No HPV DNA was detected in 49 (7%) swabs, a single HPV type in 577 (78%) swabs, and multiple HPV types in 118 (16%) swabs. HPV 2, 27 and 57 (alpha genus), HPV 4 (gamma genus) and HPV 1 (mu genus) were the most frequently detected HPV types, and HPV 63 (mu genus) was only frequently detected together with other HPV types. Less frequently detected HPV types were HPV 3, 7, 10 and 28 (alpha genus), 65, 88 and 95 (gamma genus) and 41 (nu genus). Warts containing HPV 1 showed the most distinct clinical profile, being related to children aged <12 years, plantar location, duration <6 months, and to patients with <4 warts. CONCLUSIONS HPV 27, 57, 2 and 1 are the most prevalent HPV types in cutaneous warts in general population. Warts infected with HPV 1 have a distinct clinical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd C Bruggink
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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