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Zhang Z, Zhang BS, Li KL, An Y, Liu C, Gou XY, Liang YM. Palladium-Catalyzed Amination/Dearomatization Reaction of Indoles and Benzofurans. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7817-7839. [PMID: 32441518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a palladium-catalyzed dearomatization and amination tandem reaction of 2,3-disubstituted indoles and benzofurans via the Catellani strategy. This reaction provides a new method for the construction of amino-substituted indoline-fused cyclic and benzofuran spiro compounds in good yields. The reaction has broad functional group compatibility and substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai-Li Li
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang An
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Mikasa K, Aoki N, Aoki Y, Abe S, Iwata S, Ouchi K, Kasahara K, Kadota J, Kishida N, Kobayashi O, Sakata H, Seki M, Tsukada H, Tokue Y, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Higa F, Maeda K, Yanagihara K, Yoshida K. JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy - The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:S1-S65. [PMID: 27317161 PMCID: PMC7128733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Mikasa
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | | | - Yosuke Aoki
- Department of International Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Junichi Kadota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Sakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahumi Seki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infection Control, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsukada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tokue
- Infection Control and Prevention Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Futoshi Higa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Maeda
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Benko R, Matuz M, Doro P, Peto Z, Molnar A, Hajdu E, Nagy E, Gardi J, Soos G. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30:162-8. [PMID: 17570646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin and outcome of levofloxacin therapy in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were assessed. Further theoretical considerations regarding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) appropriateness of levofloxacin therapy were made. Twelve patients completed the study, all of whom were treated with a standard intravenous levofloxacin regimen (2x500 mg on Day 1, then 1x500 mg daily). The maximum free plasma levofloxacin concentration (fC(max,ss)) and the area under the free concentration-time curve (fAUC) were 8.13+/-1.64 mg/L and 49.63+/-15.60 mgh/L, respectively. Optimal PK/PD target parameters were achieved in 10 patients; clinical success was attained in 11 of the 12 patients who completed the study. Bacterial eradication was obtained in 9 of the 11 cases with microbiologically confirmed bacteriological aetiology. Intravenous levofloxacin therapy (500 mg/day) was proven to be an effective regimen in this limited number of patients with VAP. However, theoretical considerations based on PK/PD indices predict that, with the current susceptibility breakpoint of 2mg/L, even higher levofloxacin doses (e.g. 1000 mg) could result in treatment failures in infections caused by pathogens labelled as levofloxacin-susceptible in the microbiology report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Benko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Szikra u. 8, Hungary.
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