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Biglari S, Moghaddam AS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Sherkat R, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad F, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Hakonarson H, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review. Genet Med 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 37978863 PMCID: PMC10922824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent human papillomavirus infection (PHPVI) causes cutaneous, anogenital, and mucosal warts. Cutaneous warts include common warts, Treeman syndrome, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis, among others. Although more reports of monogenic predisposition to PHPVI have been published with the development of genomic technologies, genetic testing is rarely incorporated into clinical assessments. To encourage broader molecular testing, we compiled a list of the various monogenic etiologies of PHPVI. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the genetic, immunological, and clinical characteristics of patients with PHPVI. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 261 of 40,687 articles. In 842 patients, 83 PHPVI-associated genes were identified, including 42, 6, and 35 genes with strong, moderate, and weak evidence for causality, respectively. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominated (69%). PHPVI onset age was 10.8 ± 8.6 years, with an interquartile range of 5 to 14 years. GATA2,IL2RG,DOCK8, CXCR4, TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 are the most frequently reported PHPVI-associated genes with strong causality. Most genes (74 out of 83) belong to a catalog of 485 inborn errors of immunity-related genes, and 40 genes (54%) are represented in the nonsyndromic and syndromic combined immunodeficiency categories. CONCLUSION PHPVI has at least 83 monogenic etiologies and a genetic diagnosis is essential for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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Bernardini G, Antonangeli F, Bonanni V, Santoni A. Dysregulation of Chemokine/Chemokine Receptor Axes and NK Cell Tissue Localization during Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:402. [PMID: 27766097 PMCID: PMC5052267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small chemotactic molecules that play key roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Upon signaling via their specific receptors, chemokines regulate tissue mobilization and trafficking of a wide array of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Current research is focused on analyzing changes in chemokine/chemokine receptor expression during various diseases to interfere with pathological trafficking of cells or to recruit selected cell types to specific tissues. NK cells are a heterogeneous lymphocyte population comprising several subsets endowed with distinct functional properties and mainly representing distinct stages of a linear development process. Because of their different functional potential, the type of subset that accumulates in a tissue drives the final outcome of NK cell-regulated immune response, leading to either protection or pathology. Correspondingly, chemokine receptors, including CXCR4, CXCR3, and CX3CR1, are differentially expressed by NK cell subsets, and their expression levels can be modulated during NK cell activation. At first, this review will summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of chemokines to the localization and generation of NK cell subsets in homeostasis. How an inappropriate chemotactic response can lead to pathology and how chemokine targeting can therapeutically affect tissue recruitment/localization of distinct NK cell subsets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS NEUROMED - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bonanni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- IRCCS NEUROMED - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Isernia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Moens L, Frans G, Bosch B, Bossuyt X, Verbinnen B, Poppe W, Boeckx N, Slatter M, Brusselmans C, Diaz G, Tousseyn T, Flipts H, Corveleyn A, Dierickx D, Meyts I. Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis in an adult with warts-hypogammaglobulinemia-immunodeficiency-myelokathexis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1485-1489.e2. [PMID: 27484033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glynis Frans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Bosch
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Life Sciences & Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Willy Poppe
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, UZ Gasthuisberg Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mary Slatter
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helena Flipts
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Dierickx
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology, KU Leuven, Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Childhood Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Maciejewski-Duval A, Meuris F, Bignon A, Aknin ML, Balabanian K, Faivre L, Pasquet M, Barlogis V, Fieschi C, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Donadieu J, Schlecht-Louf G, Marin-Esteban V, Bachelerie F. Altered chemotactic response to CXCL12 in patients carrying GATA2 mutations. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:1065-76. [PMID: 26710799 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ma0815-388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency-formerly described as MonoMAC syndrome; dendritic cells, monocytes, B cells, and natural killer cell deficiency; familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia; or Emberger syndrome-encompasses a range of hematologic and nonhematologic anomalies, mainly characterized by monocytopenia, B lymphopenia, natural killer cell cytopenia, neutropenia, immunodeficiency, and a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Herein, we present 7 patients with GATA2 deficiency recruited into the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry, which enrolls patients with all kinds of congenital neutropenia. We performed extended immunophenotyping of their whole blood lymphocyte populations, together with the analysis of their chemotactic responses. Lymphopenia was recorded for B and CD4(+) T cells in 6 patients. Although only 3 patients displayed natural killer cell cytopenia, the CD56(bright) natural killer subpopulation was nearly absent in all 7 patients. Natural killer cells from 6 patients showed decreased CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis, whereas other lymphocytes, and most significantly B lymphocytes, displayed enhanced CXCL12-induced chemotaxis compared with healthy volunteers. Surface expression of CXCR4 was significantly diminished in the patients' natural killer cells, although the total expression of the receptor was found to be equivalent to that of natural killer cells from healthy individual controls. Together, these data reveal that GATA2 deficiency is associated with impaired membrane expression and chemotactic dysfunctions of CXCR4. These dysfunctions may contribute to the physiopathology of this deficiency by affecting the normal distribution of lymphocytes and thus potentially affecting the susceptibility of patients to associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maciejewski-Duval
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Floriane Meuris
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Marie-Laure Aknin
- US31-UMS3679 -Plateforme PLAIMMO, Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France and FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marlène Pasquet
- Département d'Hématologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse Purpan and INSERM, CRCT, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Barlogis
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Département d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Saint Louis and Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- US31-UMS3679 -Plateforme PLAIMMO, Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France; UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Viviana Marin-Esteban
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France;
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France;
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Abstract
We initially described the WHIM syndrome based on the combination of Warts, Hypogammaglobulinaemia, Infections and Myelokathexis (neutrophil retention in the bone marrow). Translational research led to the discovery that this rare immunodeficiency disease is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the CXCR4 gene. Recently, Plerixafor has been suggested as a treatment for WHIM syndrome due to its efficacy as a CXCR4 antagonist, closing the translational research loop. In this review, we will focus on the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnosis and possible therapies for this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Ustwani
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Meir Wetzler
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neutropenia is a feature of several primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs). Because of the diverse pathophysiologies of the PIDDs and the rarity of each disorder, data are often lacking, leading to the necessity of empiric treatment. Recent developments in the understanding of neutropenia in several of the PIDDs make a review of the data timely. RECENT FINDINGS The category of severe congenital neutropenia continues to expand. Mutations in G6PC3 have been identified as the cause of neutropenia in a minority of previously molecularly undefined cases. Recent advances have broadened our understanding of the pathophysiology and the clinical expression of this disorder. A possible function of the C16orf57 gene has been hypothesized that may explain the clinical overlap between Clerucuzio-type poikiloderma with neutropenia and other marrow diseases. Plerixafor has been shown to be a potentially useful treatment in the warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis syndrome. Investigations of patients with adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency have identified neutropenia, and particularly susceptibility to myelotoxins, as a feature of this disorder. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is the treatment of choice for neutropenia in PIDD, whereas hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative option. SUMMARY The number of PIDDs associated with neutropenia has increased, as has our understanding of the range of phenotypes. Additional data and hypotheses have been generated helping to explain the diversity of presentations of neutropenia in PIDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sokolic
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1611, USA.
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High frequency of GATA2 mutations in patients with mild chronic neutropenia evolving to MonoMac syndrome, myelodysplasia, and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2012; 121:822-9. [PMID: 23223431 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-447367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital neutropenia is a group of genetic disorders that involve chronic neutropenia and susceptibility to infections. These neutropenias may be isolated or associated with immunologic defects or extra-hematopoietic manifestations. Complications may occur as infectious diseases, but also less frequently as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, the transcription factor GATA2 has been identified as a new predisposing gene for familial AML/MDS. In the present study, we describe the initial identification by exome sequencing of a GATA2 R396Q mutation in a family with a history of chronic mild neutropenia evolving to AML and/or MDS. The subsequent analysis of the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry allowed the identification of 6 additional pedigrees and 10 patients with 6 different and not previously reportedGATA2 mutations (R204X, E224X, R330X, A372T, M388V, and a complete deletion of the GATA2 locus). The frequent evolution to MDS and AML in these patients reveals the importance of screening GATA2 in chronic neutropenia associated with monocytopenia because of the frequent hematopoietic transformation, variable clinical expression at onset, and the need for aggressive therapy in patients with poor clinical outcome. KEY POINTS Mutations of key transcription factor in myeloid malignancies.
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Beaussant Cohen S, Fenneteau O, Plouvier E, Rohrlich PS, Daltroff G, Plantier I, Dupuy A, Kerob D, Beaupain B, Bordigoni P, Fouyssac F, Delezoide AL, Devouassoux G, Nicolas JF, Bensaid P, Bertrand Y, Balabanian K, Chantelot CB, Bachelerie F, Donadieu J. Description and outcome of a cohort of 8 patients with WHIM syndrome from the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:71. [PMID: 23009155 PMCID: PMC3585856 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHIM syndrome (WS), a rare congenital neutropenia due to mutations of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, is associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-induced Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, bacterial Infections and Myelokathexis. The long term follow up of eight patients highlights the clinical heterogeneity of this disease as well as the main therapeutic approaches and remaining challenges in the light of the recent development of new CXCR4 inhibitors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the natural history of WS based on a French cohort of 8 patients. METHODS We have reviewed the clinical, biological and immunological features of patients with WS enrolled into the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry. RESULTS We identified four pedigrees with WS comprised of eight patients and one foetus. Estimated incidence for WS was of 0.23 per million births. Median age at the last visit was 29 years. Three pedigrees encompassing seven patients and the fetus displayed autosomal dominant heterozygous mutations of the CXCR4 gene, while one patient presented a wild-type CXCR4 gene. Two subjects exhibited congenital conotruncal heart malformations. In addition to neutropenia and myelokathexis, all patients presented deep monocytopenia and lymphopenia. Seven patients presented repeated bacterial Ears Nose Throat as well as severe bacterial infections that were curable with antibiotics. Four patients with late onset prophylaxis developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Two patients reported atypical mycobacteria infections which in one case may have been responsible for one patient's death due to liver failure at the age of 40.6 years. HPV-related disease manifested in five subjects and progressed as invasive vulvar carcinoma with a fatal course in one patient at the age of 39.5 years. In addition, two patients developed T cell lymphoma skin cancer and basal cell carcinoma at the age of 38 and 65 years. CONCLUSIONS Continuous prophylactic anti-infective measures, when started in early childhood, seem to effectively prevent further bacterial infections and the consequent development of COPD. Long-term follow up is needed to evaluate the effect of early anti-HPV targeted prophylaxis on the development of skin and genital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beaussant Cohen
- AP-HP, Registre Français des Neutropénies Chroniques Sévères, Centre de Référence des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique Hôpital Trousseau, 26 avenue du Dr Netter, 75012 Paris, France
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Vázquez N, Rekka S, Gliozzi M, Feng CG, Amarnath S, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM. Modulation of innate host factors by Mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages includes interleukin 17. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1206-17. [PMID: 22930805 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although opportunistic infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) have been less common since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, globally, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive patients remain predisposed to these infections. Absence of a properly functioning acquired immune response allows MAC persistence within macrophages localized in lymph nodes coinfected with HIV and MAC. Although a deficiency in interferon γ appears to play a part in the ability of MAC to deflect the macrophage-associated antimicrobial attack, questions about this process remain. Our study examines the ability of MAC to regulate interleukin 17 (IL-17), a proinflammatory cytokine involved in host cell recruitment. METHODS Coinfected lymph nodes were examined for IL-17 by immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, macrophages exposed to mycobacteria were evaluated for transcription activities, proteins, and signaling pathways responsible for IL-17 expression. Infected macrophages were also analyzed for expression of interleukin 21 (IL-21) and negative regulators of immune responses. RESULTS Infection of macrophages triggered synthesis of IL-17, correlating with IL-17 expression by macrophages in coinfected lymph nodes. Infected macrophages exposed to exogenous IL-17 expressed CXCL10, which favors recruitment of new macrophages as targets for infection. Blockade of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways suppressed mycobacteria-induced IL-17 expression. MAC triggered expression of IL-21, IRF4, and STAT3 genes related to IL-17 regulation, as well as expression of the negative immunoregulators CD274(PD-L1) and suppressors of cytokine signaling. CONCLUSIONS MAC-infected macrophages can provide an alternative source for IL-17 that favors accumulation of new targets for perpetuating bacterial and viral infection while suppressing host antimicrobial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vázquez
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA.
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Wang CS, Feng SW, Huang LJ, Yu JK, Chang MC, Wang ST, Liu CL. Atypical mycobacterial spondylitis as a challenging differential diagnosis to metastatic disease of the spine: a case report. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2012; 23 Suppl 2:S135-9. [PMID: 23412200 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-012-1068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is rarely seen in patients without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A disseminated MAC infection presenting with symptoms that mimic tumor metastasis had not previously been reported. Few disseminated MAC infections have been reported, and all image patterns in these cases indicated destructive lesions. We present a case involving a tumor-like disseminated MAC infection with spondylitis in a 68-year-old man whose symptoms started with severe lower back pain and fever. Treatment for malignancy was performed initially but soon stopped after tissue proving MAC infection. Symptoms then improved dramatically after a four-drug combined anti-nontuberculous mycobacteria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Brown-Elliott BA, Nash KA, Wallace RJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, drug resistance mechanisms, and therapy of infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:545-82. [PMID: 22763637 PMCID: PMC3416486 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.05030-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past 10 years, treatment and diagnostic guidelines for nontuberculous mycobacteria have been recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Moreover, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has published and recently (in 2011) updated recommendations including suggested antimicrobial and susceptibility breakpoints. The CLSI has also recommended the broth microdilution method as the gold standard for laboratories performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. This article reviews the laboratory, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines together with established and probable drug resistance mechanisms of the nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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Abstract
During development, natural killer (NK) cells exit the BM to reach the blood. CXCR4 retains NK cells in the BM, whereas the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) promotes their exit from this organ. However, how the action of these receptors is coordinated to preserve NK-cell development in the BM parenchyma while providing mature NK cells at the periphery is unclear. The role of CXCR4 and S1P5 in NK-cell recirculation at the periphery is also unknown. In the present study, we show that, during NK-cell differentiation, CXCR4 expression decreases whereas S1P5 expression increases, thus favoring the exit of mature NK cells via BM sinusoids. Using S1P5(-/-) mice and a new knockin mouse model in which CXCR4 cannot be desensitized (a mouse model of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis [WHIM] syndrome), we demonstrate that NK-cell exit from the BM requires both CXCR4 desensitization and S1P5 engagement. These 2 signals occur independently of each other: CXCR4 desensitization is not induced by S1P5 engagement and vice versa. Once in the blood, the S1P concentration increases and S1P5 responsiveness decreases. This responsiveness is recovered in the lymph nodes to allow NK-cell exit via lymphatics in a CXCR4-independent manner. Therefore, coordinated changes in CXCR4 and S1P5 responsiveness govern NK-cell trafficking.
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Bignon A, Biajoux V, Bouchet-Delbos L, Emilie D, Lortholary O, Balabanian K. [CXCR4, a therapeutic target in rare immunodeficiencies?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:391-7. [PMID: 21524404 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2011274015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 200 primary immunodeficiency diseases have been discovered. In most cases, genetic defects affect the expression or the function of proteins involved in immune development and homeostasis. Some orphan immuno-hematological disorders are characterized by an abnormal leukocyte trafficking, a notion predictive of an anomaly of the chemokine/chemokine receptor system. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the characterization of dysfunctions of the CXCL12 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 signaling axis in two rare human immunodeficiencies, one associated with a loss of CXCR4 function, the Idiopathic CD4(+) T-cell Lymphocytopenia, and the other with a gain of CXCR4 function, the WHIM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bignon
- Université Paris-Sud, laboratoire cytokines, chimiokines et immunopathologie, UMR-S996, 32, rue des Carnets, 92140 Clamart, France
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