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McDade LA. HYBRIDS AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS II. THE IMPACT OF HYBRIDS ON CLADISTIC ANALYSIS. Evolution 2017; 46:1329-1346. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/1990] [Accepted: 02/05/1992] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nagy ES, Rice KJ. LOCAL ADAPTATION IN TWO SUBSPECIES OF AN ANNUAL PLANT: IMPLICATIONS FOR MIGRATION AND GENE FLOW. Evolution 2017; 51:1079-1089. [PMID: 28565494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/1996] [Accepted: 03/20/1997] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant populations often adapt to local environmental conditions. Here we demonstrate local adaptation in two subspecies of the California native annual Gilia capitata using standard reciprocal transplant techniques in two sites (coastal and inland) over three consecutive years. Subspecies performance in each site was measured in four ways: probability of seedling emergence, early vegetative size (length of longest leaf), probability of flowering, and total number of inflorescences produced per plant. Analysis of three of the four variables demonstrated local adaptation through site-by-subspecies interactions in which natives outperformed immigrants. The disparity between natives and immigrants in their probability of emergence and probability of flowering was greater at the coastal site than at the inland site. Treated in isolation, these two fitness components suggest that migration from the coast to the inland site may be less restricted by selection than migration in the opposite direction. Two measurements of individual size (leaf length and number of inflorescences), suggest (though not strongly) that immigrants may be subject to weaker selection at the coastal site than at the inland site. A standard cohort life table is used to compare replacement rates (R0 ) for each subspecies at each site. Comparisons of R0 s suggest that immigrants are under a severe demographic disadvantage at the coastal site, but only a small disadvantage at the inland site. The results point out the importance of integrating over several fitness components when documenting the magnitude of local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Nagy
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Kevin J Rice
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
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Heywood JS. CLINAL VARIATION ASSOCIATED WITH EDAPHIC ECOTONES IN HYBRID POPULATIONS OF GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA. Evolution 2017; 40:1132-1140. [PMID: 28563496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/1985] [Accepted: 07/07/1986] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The variety pulchella of the outcrossing annual plant species Gaillardia pulchella consists of two edaphic races in central Texas which are divergent for one morphological and four electrophoretic characters. Reduced pollen stainability in F1 hybrids suggests the races are also divergent in chromosome structure. The recent proliferation of this species on roadsides and in pastures has led to hybridization between these races. An analysis of character variation in three hybrid populations revealed significant clinal variation associated with edaphic ecotones, and the width of these clines was found to vary among characters in a consistent pattern. It is argued that this pattern is the result of different characters experiencing different effective selection regimes, with narrower clines reflecting greater differentials in effective selection. Several mechanisms are discussed by which selection may impede the transgression of alleles across the ecotones in these populations. The results of this study are compared to the results of parallel studies on the autogamous annual species Avena barbata in California, and it is suggested that the difference between these two species in the width of clines separating edaphic ecotypes may be accounted for by their different breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Heywood
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124
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Goodman OM. CORRELATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTROGRESSIVE POPULATIONS. Evolution 2017; 20:191-203. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/1966] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- or M. Goodman
- Department of Genetics North Carolina State University Raleigh
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McDade L. HYBRIDS AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS I. PATTERNS OF CHARACTER EXPRESSION IN HYBRIDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CLADISTIC ANALYSIS. Evolution 2017; 44:1685-1700. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb03856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/1989] [Accepted: 12/22/1989] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda McDade
- Department of Botany Duke University Durham NC 27706 USA
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Nagy ES. SELECTION FOR NATIVE CHARACTERS IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN TWO LOCALLY ADAPTED PLANT SUBSPECIES. Evolution 2017; 51:1469-1480. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1995] [Accepted: 05/30/1997] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Nagy
- Section of Evolution and Ecology; Center for Population Biology, University of California; Davis California 95616
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Nagy ES. FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SEED PRODUCTION AND HYBRIDIZATION RATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR GENE FLOW BETWEEN LOCALLY ADAPTED PLANT POPULATIONS. Evolution 2017; 51:703-714. [PMID: 28568590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/1995] [Accepted: 01/06/1997] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow between genetically distinct plant populations can have significant evolutionary consequences. It can increase genetic diversity, create novel gene combinations, and transfer adaptations from one population to another. This study addresses the roles of frequency-dependent selection and mating system in gene exchange between two subspecies of Gilia capitata (Polemoniaceae). Long-distance migrants are likely to be rare in new habitats, and the importance of immigrant frequency to fitness, gene exchange, and ultimately introgression, has not been explored. To test for the importance of frequency in migration, a field experiment was conducted in which artificial populations (arrays) composed of different mixtures of the two subspecies were placed in the home habitats of both. Female function (seed production) and a portion of male function (hybridization rate) were compared for the two subspecies to assess the potential for gene exchange and introgression between them. Individual fitness (through both hybridization and seed production) for the inland subspecies varied with its frequency as an immigrant at the coastal site. Rare immigrants produced fewer seeds and fathered fewer hybrid offspring. In contrast, both forms of reproductive function were frequency independent for the coastal subspecies when it was an immigrant at the inland site. Seed production was high and insensitive to frequency, and immigrants from the coast never successfully fertilized the inland subspecies' seeds. To control for the effects of frequency-dependent pollinator behavior in the field, hand crosses were performed in the greenhouse using a range of pollen mixtures. The greenhouse experiment demonstrated that cross-fertilization is possible in only one direction, that cross-pollination in the other direction is only partially successful, and that pollen from the coastal subspecies has a strong negative effect on seed production by the inland subspecies. Experimental pollen supplementation in the field verified both the unilateral incompatibility and the negative effect of coastal pollen on inland plant seed production observed in the greenhouse. Contrasts between field array and greenhouse results suggest that pollinator behavior and other ecological factors act to exaggerate reproductive barriers between the two subspecies. In this system, immigrant frequency interacts with reproductive biology and pollinator ecology to enhance gene flow between the populations in one direction, while restricting gene establishment and introgression in the other direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Nagy
- Section of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
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Epling C, Mitchell DF, Mattoni RHT. ON THE ROLE OF INVERSIONS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA. Evolution 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1953.tb00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Epling
- Department of Botany; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | | | - R. H. T. Mattoni
- Department of Botany; University of California; Los Angeles California
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Kleinman K. "Bringing Taxonomy to the Service of Genetics": Edgar Anderson and Introgressive Hybridization. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2016; 49:603-624. [PMID: 26869463 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-016-9436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In introgressive hybridization (the repeated backcrossing of hybrids with parental populations), Edgar Anderson found a source for variation upon which natural selection could work. In his 1953 review article "Introgressive Hybridization," he asserted that he was "bringing taxonomy to the service of genetics" whereas distinguished colleagues such as Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr did the precise opposite. His work as a geneticist particularly focused on linkage and recombination and was enriched by collaborations with Missouri Botanical Garden colleagues interested in taxonomy as well as with cytologists C.D. Darlington and Karl Sax. As the culmination of a biosystemtatic research program, Anderson's views challenged the mainstream of the Evolutionary Synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kleinman
- Webster University/Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA.
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Introgressive hybridization ofSenecio hercynicusand S.ovatus(Compositae, Senecioneae) along an altitudinal gradient in Harz National Park (Germany). SYST BIODIVERS 2007. [DOI: 10.1017/s1477200007002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Howarth DG, Baum DA. GENEALOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HOMOPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION IN AN ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF SCAEVOLA (GOODENIACEAE) IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Howarth DG, Baum DA. GENEALOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HOMOPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION IN AN ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF SCAEVOLA (GOODENIACEAE) IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/03-752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Barrett SCH. THE BAKER AND STEBBINS ERA COMES TO A CLOSE. Evolution 2001. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2371:tbasec]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Williams JH, Friedman WE, Arnold ML. Developmental selection within the angiosperm style: using gamete DNA to visualize interspecific pollen competition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:9201-6. [PMID: 10430920 PMCID: PMC17757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among flowering plants, females often have little control over the genetic relatedness of pollen deposited on stigmas. Thus, postpollination processes are of primary importance for mate discrimination. The ability to screen and select among male gametes during pollen tube growth within the female tissues of the stigma, style, and ovary is critical to the process of mate choice and reproductive isolation. However, direct evidence of the mechanistic/developmental processes associated with mate choice in flowering plants is sparse. We studied the contribution of postpollination, prefertilization processes to reproductive isolation in two wind-pollinated species of birch (Betula) that commonly hybridize in nature. We exploited the 3-fold difference in ploidy level between these two species to determine the paternity of individual pollen tubes growing within female reproductive tissues. We then tracked their developmental fate in conspecific, heterospecific, and mixed-species crosses. This design allowed a direct comparison of developmental processes responsible for reproductive isolation in both single-species and mixed-species pollinations. Our results have important implications for the population genetic outcome of hybridization dynamics in natural populations. Paternity analysis of progeny from mixed-species pollinations revealed that conspecific pollen tubes sired more than 98% of seedlings. Biased siring success was not the result of differential embryo abortion. We detected strong, early postpollination barriers such as pollen tube incompatibility, slower pollen tube growth, and delayed generative cell mitosis. Conspecific fertilization precedence was mediated by favorable or unfavorable male-female interactions, but there was no evidence for antagonistic male-male interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Williams
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA.
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McArthur ED, Freeman DC, Graham JH, Wang H, Sanderson SC, Monaco TA, Smith BN. Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata: Asteraceae). VI. Respiration and water potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/b98-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiration and stem water potential ( psi ) were examined in parental and hybrid big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata and Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) grown in common gardens within each parental zone and in the hybrid zone. Plants were sampled in July, August, and September, i.e., immediately before, during, and after flowering. The habitats differed from one another, and there were significant garden by date interactions. The source populations also differed significantly from one another. There were no significant garden by source interactions. Hybrid plants had intermediate respiration rates and did not suffer greater water stress than parental plants. Hybrid plants showed no apparent decrease in adaptation in the important physiological traits respiration and water stress in the hybrid zone.Key words: Artemisia, hybrid zones, respiration, water potential.
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Eisenbach J. Three-trophic-level interactions in cattail hybrid zones. Oecologia 1996; 105:258-265. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00328555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/1994] [Accepted: 09/06/1995] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jain SK, Bradshaw AD. Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations I. The evidence and its theoretical analysis. Heredity (Edinb) 1966. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1966.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Trends in Systematic Botany. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4832-0002-6.50006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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