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Gutiérrez-Guerrero YT, Phifer-Rixey M, Nachman MW. Across two continents: The genomic basis of environmental adaptation in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the Americas. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011036. [PMID: 38968323 PMCID: PMC11253941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Replicated clines across environmental gradients can be strong evidence of adaptation. House mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers and are now widely distributed from Tierra del Fuego to Alaska. Multiple aspects of climate, such as temperature, vary predictably across latitude in the Americas. Past studies of North American populations across latitudinal gradients provided evidence of environmental adaptation in traits related to body size, metabolism, and behavior and identified candidate genes using selection scans. Here, we investigate genomic signals of environmental adaptation on a second continent, South America, and ask whether there is evidence of parallel adaptation across multiple latitudinal transects in the Americas. We first identified loci across the genome showing signatures of selection related to climatic variation in mice sampled across a latitudinal transect in South America, accounting for neutral population structure. Consistent with previous results, most candidate SNPs were in putatively regulatory regions. Genes that contained the most extreme outliers relate to traits such as body weight or size, metabolism, immunity, fat, eye function, and the cardiovascular system. We then compared these results with the results of analyses of published data from two transects in North America. While most candidate genes were unique to individual transects, we found significant overlap among candidate genes identified independently in the three transects. These genes are diverse, with functions relating to metabolism, immunity, cardiac function, and circadian rhythm, among others. We also found parallel shifts in allele frequency in candidate genes across latitudinal gradients. Finally, combining data from all three transects, we identified several genes associated with variation in body weight. Overall, our results provide strong evidence of shared responses to selection and identify genes that likely underlie recent environmental adaptation in house mice across North and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Nachman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Gutiérrez-Guerrero YT, Phifer-Rixey M, Nachman MW. Across two continents: the genomic basis of environmental adaptation in house mice ( Mus musculus domesticus) from the Americas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564674. [PMID: 37961195 PMCID: PMC10634997 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Parallel clines across environmental gradients can be strong evidence of adaptation. House mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers and are now widely distributed from Tierra del Fuego to Alaska. Multiple aspects of climate, such as temperature, vary predictably across latitude in the Americas. Past studies of North American populations across latitudinal gradients provided evidence of environmental adaptation in traits related to body size, metabolism, and behavior and identified candidate genes using selection scans. Here, we investigate genomic signals of environmental adaptation on a second continent, South America, and ask whether there is evidence of parallel adaptation across multiple latitudinal transects in the Americas. We first identified loci across the genome showing signatures of selection related to climatic variation in mice sampled across a latitudinal transect in South America, accounting for neutral population structure. Consistent with previous results, most candidate SNPs were in regulatory regions. Genes containing the most extreme outliers relate to traits such as body weight or size, metabolism, immunity, fat, and development or function of the eye as well as traits associated with the cardiovascular and renal systems. We then combined these results with published results from two transects in North America. While most candidate genes were unique to individual transects, we found significant overlap among candidate genes identified independently in the three transects, providing strong evidence of parallel adaptation and identifying genes that likely underlie recent environmental adaptation in house mice across North and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Nachman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
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3
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Parmenter MD, Nelson JP, Gray MM, Weigel S, Vinyard CJ, Payseur BA. A complex genetic architecture underlies mandibular evolution in big mice from Gough Island. Genetics 2022; 220:iyac023. [PMID: 35137059 PMCID: PMC8982026 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the most compelling examples of morphological evolution come from island populations. Alterations in the size and shape of the mandible have been repeatedly observed in murid rodents following island colonization. Despite this pattern and the significance of the mandible for dietary adaptation, the genetic basis of island-mainland divergence in mandibular form remains uninvestigated. To fill this gap, we examined mandibular morphology in 609 F2s from a cross between Gough Island mice, the largest wild house mice on record, and mice from a mainland reference strain (WSB). Univariate genetic mapping identifies 3 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for relative length of the temporalis lever arm and 2 distinct QTL for relative condyle length, 2 traits expected to affect mandibular function that differ between Gough Island mice and WSB mice. Multivariate genetic mapping of coordinates from geometric morphometric analyses identifies 27 QTL contributing to overall mandibular shape. Quantitative trait loci show a complex mixture of modest, additive effects dispersed throughout the mandible, with landmarks including the coronoid process and the base of the ascending ramus frequently modulated by QTL. Additive effects of most shape quantitative trait loci do not align with island-mainland divergence, suggesting that directional selection played a limited role in the evolution of mandibular shape. In contrast, Gough Island mouse alleles at QTL for centroid size and QTL for jaw length increase these measures, suggesting selection led to larger mandibles, perhaps as a correlated response to the evolution of larger bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob P Nelson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa M Gray
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sara Weigel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Christopher J Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Wilches R, Beluch WH, McConnell E, Tautz D, Chan YF. Independent evolution toward larger body size in the distinctive Faroe Island mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6062402. [PMID: 33561246 PMCID: PMC8022703 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most phenotypic traits in nature involve the collective action of many genes. Traits that evolve repeatedly are particularly useful for understanding how selection may act on changing trait values. In mice, large body size has evolved repeatedly on islands and under artificial selection in the laboratory. Identifying the loci and genes involved in this process may shed light on the evolution of complex, polygenic traits. Here, we have mapped the genetic basis of body size variation by making a genetic cross between mice from the Faroe Islands, which are among the largest and most distinctive natural populations of mice in the world, and a laboratory mouse strain selected for small body size, SM/J. Using this F2 intercross of 841 animals, we have identified 111 loci controlling various aspects of body size, weight and growth hormone levels. By comparing against other studies, including the use of a joint meta-analysis, we found that the loci involved in the evolution of large size in the Faroese mice were largely independent from those of a different island population or other laboratory strains. We hypothesize that colonization bottleneck, historical hybridization, or the redundancy between multiple loci have resulted in the Faroese mice achieving an outwardly similar phenotype through a distinct evolutionary path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wilches
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William H Beluch
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen McConnell
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Yingguang Frank Chan
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Renaud S, Ledevin R, Pisanu B, Chapuis JL, Quillfeldt P, Hardouin EA. Divergent in shape and convergent in function: Adaptive evolution of the mandible in Sub-Antarctic mice. Evolution 2018. [PMID: 29528493 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Convergent evolution in similar environments constitutes strong evidence of adaptive evolution. Transported with people around the world, house mice colonized even remote areas, such as Sub-Antarctic islands. There, they returned to a feral way of life, shifting towards a diet enriched in terrestrial macroinvertebrates. Here, we test the hypothesis that this triggered convergent evolution of the mandible, a morphological character involved in food consumption. Mandible shape from four Sub-Antarctic islands was compared to phylogeny, tracing the history of colonization, and climatic conditions. Mandible shape was primarily influenced by phylogenetic history, thus discarding the hypothesis of convergent evolution. The biomechanical properties of the jaw were then investigated. Incisor in-lever and temporalis out-lever suggested an increase in the velocity of incisor biting, in agreement with observations on various carnivorous and insectivorous rodents. The mechanical advantage related to incisor biting also revealed an increased functional performance in Sub-Antarctic populations, and appears to be an adaptation to catch prey more efficiently. The amount of change involved was larger than expected for a plastic response, suggesting microevolutionary processes were evolved. This study thus denotes some degree of adaptive convergent evolution related to changes in habitat-related changes in dietary items in Sub-Antarctic mice, but only regarding simple, functionally relevant aspects of mandible morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Campus de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Campus de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Current Address: UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Pisanu
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 61 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Chapuis
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 61 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Justus-Liebig-Universität, AG Verhaltensökologie und Ökophysiologie der Tiere, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Emilie A Hardouin
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bournemouth University, Christchurch House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
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6
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McClelland GTW, Altwegg R, van Aarde RJ, Ferreira S, Burger AE, Chown SL. Climate change leads to increasing population density and impacts of a key island invader. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:212-224. [PMID: 29055070 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The considerable threats of invasive rodents to island biodiversity are likely to be compounded by climate change. Forecasts for such interactions have been most pronounced for the Southern Ocean islands where ameliorating conditions are expected to decrease thermal and resource restrictions on rodents. Firm evidence for changing rodent populations in response to climate change, and demonstrations of associated impacts on the terrestrial environment, are nonetheless entirely absent for the region. Using data collected over three decades on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, we tested empirically whether mouse populations have changed through time and whether these changes can be associated significantly with changing abiotic conditions. Changes in invertebrate populations, which have previously been attributed to mouse predation, but with little explicit demographic analysis, were also examined to determine whether they can be associated with changing mouse populations. The total number of mice on the island at annual peak density increased by 430.0% between 1979-1980 and 2008-2011. This increase was due to an advanced breeding season, which was robustly related to the number of precipitation-free days during the non-breeding season. Mice directly reduced invertebrate densities, with biomass losses of up to two orders of magnitude in some habitats. Such invertebrate declines are expected to have significant consequences for ecosystem processes over the long term. Our results demonstrate that as climate change continues to create ameliorating conditions for invasive rodents on sub-Antarctic islands, the severity of their impacts will increase. They also emphasize the importance of rodent eradication for the restoration of invaded islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T W McClelland
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Res Altwegg
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Rudi J van Aarde
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
| | - Sam Ferreira
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
- Scientific Services, SANParks, Kruger National Park, South Africa
| | - Alan E Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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7
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Grant PR, Grant BR. THE FOUNDING OF A NEW POPULATION OF DARWIN'S FINCHES. Evolution 2017; 49:229-240. [PMID: 28565010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1993] [Accepted: 05/23/1994] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the natural colonization of the small Galápagos island Daphne Major by the large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris). Immigrants of this species were present in every year of a 22-yr study, 1973-1994. Typically they arrived after a breeding season and left at the beginning of the next one. Geospiza magnirostris bred on the island for the first time in the exceptionally wet El Niño year of 1982-1983, and bred in all subsequent years except drought years. In agreement with theoretical expectations the frequency of inbreeding was unusually high. Pronounced fluctuating asymmetry in tarsus length, together with slightly reduced breeding success of inbreeding pairs, suggests a low level of inbreeding depression. Despite this, the population increased from 5 breeding individuals in 1983 to 20 breeding individuals in 1992, and probably more than twice that number in 1993, largely through recruitment of locally born birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1003
| | - B Rosemary Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-1003
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8
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Mihok S, Fuller WA, Canham RP, McPhee EC. GENETIC CHANGES AT THE TRANSFERRIN LOCUS IN THE RED-BACKED VOLE (CLETHRIONOMYS GAPPERI
). Evolution 2017; 37:332-340. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1981] [Revised: 04/12/1982] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Mihok
- Department of Zoology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - William A. Fuller
- Department of Zoology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Raymond P. Canham
- Department of Zoology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Euan C. McPhee
- Department of Zoology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
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9
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Ledevin R, Chevret P, Ganem G, Britton-Davidian J, Hardouin EA, Chapuis JL, Pisanu B, da Luz Mathias M, Schlager S, Auffray JC, Renaud S. Phylogeny and adaptation shape the teeth of insular mice. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2820. [PMID: 26842576 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By accompanying human travels since prehistorical times, the house mouse dispersed widely throughout the world, and colonized many islands. The origin of the travellers determined the phylogenetic source of the insular mice, which encountered diverse ecological and environmental conditions on the various islands. Insular mice are thus an exceptional model to disentangle the relative role of phylogeny, ecology and climate in evolution. Molar shape is known to vary according to phylogeny and to respond to adaptation. Using for the first time a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, compared with a classical two-dimensional quantification, the relative effects of size variation, phylogeny, climate and ecology were investigated on molar shape diversity across a variety of islands. Phylogeny emerged as the factor of prime importance in shaping the molar. Changes in competition level, mostly driven by the presence or absence of the wood mouse on the different islands, appeared as the second most important effect. Climate and size differences accounted for slight shape variation. This evidences a balanced role of random differentiation related to history of colonization, and of adaptation possibly related to resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Emilie A Hardouin
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bournemouth University, Christchurch House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Chapuis
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benoit Pisanu
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schlager
- Anthropologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Albert Ludwigs, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
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10
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Genetics of Skeletal Evolution in Unusually Large Mice from Gough Island. Genetics 2016; 204:1559-1572. [PMID: 27694627 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms on islands often undergo rapid morphological evolution, providing a platform for understanding mechanisms of phenotypic change. Many examples of evolution on islands involve the vertebrate skeleton. Although the genetic basis of skeletal variation has been studied in laboratory strains, especially in the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus, the genetic determinants of skeletal evolution in natural populations remain poorly understood. We used house mice living on the remote Gough Island-the largest wild house mice on record-to understand the genetics of rapid skeletal evolution in nature. Compared to a mainland reference strain from the same subspecies (WSB/EiJ), the skeleton of Gough Island mice is considerably larger, with notable expansions of the pelvis and limbs. The Gough Island mouse skeleton also displays changes in shape, including elongations of the skull and the proximal vs. distal elements in the limbs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a large F2 intercross between Gough Island mice and WSB/EiJ reveals hundreds of QTL that control skeletal dimensions measured at 5, 10, and/or 16 weeks of age. QTL exhibit modest, mostly additive effects, and Gough Island alleles are associated with larger skeletal size at most QTL. The QTL with the largest effects are found on a few chromosomes and affect suites of skeletal traits. Many of these loci also colocalize with QTL for body weight. The high degree of QTL colocalization is consistent with an important contribution of pleiotropy to skeletal evolution. Our results provide a rare portrait of the genetic basis of skeletal evolution in an island population and position the Gough Island mouse as a model system for understanding mechanisms of rapid evolution in nature.
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11
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Cuthbert RJ, Wanless RM, Angel A, Burle MH, Hilton GM, Louw H, Visser P, Wilson JW, Ryan PG. Drivers of predatory behavior and extreme size in house mice
Mus musculus
on Gough Island. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In comparison to the mainland, populations of rodents on islands are often characterized by a suite of life history characteristics termed the “island syndrome.” Populations of rodents introduced to islands are also well known for their impacts on native species that have evolved in the absence of mammalian predators. We studied the ecology and behavior of introduced house mice Mus musculus on Gough Island where they are the only terrestrial mammal and where their predatory behavior is having a devastating impact on the island’s burrowing petrel (order Procellariiformes ) population and the Critically Endangered Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena . Mice on Gough exhibit extreme features of the island syndrome, including: a body mass 50–60% greater than any other island mouse population, peak densities among the highest recorded for island populations, and low seasonal variation in numbers compared to other studied islands. Seasonal patterns of breeding and survival were linked to body condition and mass, and mice in areas with high chick predation rates were able to maintain higher mass and condition during the winter when mouse mortality rates peak. Within-site patterns of chick predation indicate that proximity to neighboring predated nests and nesting densities are important factors in determining the likelihood of predation. We conclude that selection for extreme body mass and predatory behavior of mice result from enhanced overwinter survival. Small mammal populations at temperate and high latitudes are normally limited by high mortality during the winter, but on Gough Island mice avoid that by exploiting the island’s abundant seabird chicks.
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12
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Gray MM, Parmenter MD, Hogan CA, Ford I, Cuthbert RJ, Ryan PG, Broman KW, Payseur BA. Genetics of Rapid and Extreme Size Evolution in Island Mice. Genetics 2015; 201:213-28. [PMID: 26199233 PMCID: PMC4566264 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.177790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms on islands provide a revealing window into the process of adaptation. Populations that colonize islands often evolve substantial differences in body size from their mainland relatives. Although the ecological drivers of this phenomenon have received considerable attention, its genetic basis remains poorly understood. We use house mice (subspecies: Mus musculus domesticus) from remote Gough Island to provide a genetic portrait of rapid and extreme size evolution. In just a few hundred generations, Gough Island mice evolved the largest body size among wild house mice from around the world. Through comparisons with a smaller-bodied wild-derived strain from the same subspecies (WSB/EiJ), we demonstrate that Gough Island mice achieve their exceptional body weight primarily by growing faster during the 6 weeks after birth. We use genetic mapping in large F(2) intercrosses between Gough Island mice and WSB/EiJ to identify 19 quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for the evolution of 16-week weight trajectories: 8 QTL for body weight and 11 QTL for growth rate. QTL exhibit modest effects that are mostly additive. We conclude that body size evolution on islands can be genetically complex, even when substantial size changes occur rapidly. In comparisons to published studies of laboratory strains of mice that were artificially selected for divergent body sizes, we discover that the overall genetic profile of size evolution in nature and in the laboratory is similar, but many contributing loci are distinct. Our results underscore the power of genetically characterizing the entire growth trajectory in wild populations and lay the foundation necessary for identifying the mutations responsible for extreme body size evolution in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Gray
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Caley A Hogan
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Irene Ford
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Richard J Cuthbert
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Ryan
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Karl W Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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13
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Babiker H, Tautz D. Molecular and phenotypic distinction of the very recently evolved insular subspecies Mus musculus helgolandicus ZIMMERMANN, 1953. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:160. [PMID: 26268354 PMCID: PMC4535776 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations and subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus were able to invade new regions worldwide in the wake of human expansion. Here we investigate the origin and colonization history of the house mouse inhabiting the small island of Heligoland on the German Bight - Mus musculus helgolandicus. It was first described by Zimmermann in 1953, based on morphological descriptions which were considered to be a mosaic between the subspecies M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. Since mice on islands are excellent evolutionary model systems, we have focused here on a molecular characterization and an extended phenotype analysis. Results The molecular data show that the mice from Heligoland are derived from M. m. domesticus based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences as well as on four nuclear diagnostic markers, including one each from the sex-chromosomes. STRUCTURE analysis based on 21 microsatellite markers assigns Heligoland mice to a distinct population and D-loop network analysis suggests that they are derived from a single colonization event. In spite of mice from the mainland arriving by ships, they are apparently genetically refractory against further immigration. Mutation frequencies in complete mitochondrial genome sequences date the colonization age to approximately 400 years ago. Complete genome sequences from three animals revealed a genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genomic regions with at least 6.5 % of the genome affected. Geometric morphometric analysis of mandible shapes including skull samples from two time points during the last century suggest specific adaptations to a more carnivorous diet. Conclusions The molecular and morphological analyses confirm that M. m. helgolandicus consists of a distinct evolutionary lineage with specific adaptations. It shows a remarkable resilience against genetic mixture with mainland populations of M. m. domesticus despite major disturbances in the past century and a high ship traffic. The genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genetic material may have contributed to the genomic distinction of the Heligoland mice. In spite of its young age, M. m. helgolandicus may thus be considered as a true subspecies of Mus, whose evolution was triggered through fast divergence on a small island. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0439-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Babiker
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
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Phifer-Rixey M, Nachman MW. Insights into mammalian biology from the wild house mouse Mus musculus. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25875302 PMCID: PMC4397906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The house mouse, Mus musculus, was established in the early 1900s as one of the first genetic model organisms owing to its short generation time, comparatively large litters, ease of husbandry, and visible phenotypic variants. For these reasons and because they are mammals, house mice are well suited to serve as models for human phenotypes and disease. House mice in the wild consist of at least three distinct subspecies and harbor extensive genetic and phenotypic variation both within and between these subspecies. Wild mice have been used to study a wide range of biological processes, including immunity, cancer, male sterility, adaptive evolution, and non-Mendelian inheritance. Despite the extensive variation that exists among wild mice, classical laboratory strains are derived from a limited set of founders and thus contain only a small subset of this variation. Continued efforts to study wild house mice and to create new inbred strains from wild populations have the potential to strengthen house mice as a model system. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05959.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Gabriel SI, Mathias ML, Searle JB. Of mice and the 'Age of Discovery': the complex history of colonization of the Azorean archipelago by the house mouse (Mus musculus) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA variation. J Evol Biol 2014; 28:130-45. [PMID: 25394749 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans have introduced many species onto remote oceanic islands. The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a human commensal and has consequently been transported to oceanic islands around the globe as an accidental stowaway. The history of these introductions can tell us not only about the mice themselves but also about the people that transported them. Following a phylogeographic approach, we used mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation (within an 849- to 864-bp fragment) to study house mouse colonization of the Azores. A total of 239 sequences were obtained from all nine islands, and interpretation was helped by previously published Iberian sequences and 66 newly generated Spanish sequences. A Bayesian analysis revealed presence in the Azores of most of the D-loop clades previously described in the domesticus subspecies of the house mouse, suggesting a complex colonization history of the archipelago as a whole from multiple geographical origins, but much less heterogeneity (often single colonization?) within islands. The expected historical link with mainland Portugal was reflected in the pattern of D-loop variation of some of the islands but not all. A more unexpected association with a distant North European source area was also detected in three islands, possibly reflecting human contact with the Azores prior to the 15th century discovery by Portuguese mariners. Widening the scope to colonization of the Macaronesian islands as a whole, human linkages between the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries, Portugal and Spain were revealed through the sharing of mouse sequences between these areas. From these and other data, we suggest mouse studies may help resolve historical uncertainties relating to the 'Age of Discovery'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Gabriel
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Zhigileva ON. Allozyme variability and the population genetic structure of the mice Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, and Sylvaemus uralensis (Rodenita, Muridae) in Western Siberia. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Winter ecology of house mice and the prospects for their eradication from Steeple Jason (Falkland Islands). Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Renaud S, Hardouin EA, Pisanu B, Chapuis JL. Invasive house mice facing a changing environment on the Sub-Antarctic Guillou Island (Kerguelen Archipelago). J Evol Biol 2013; 26:612-24. [PMID: 23331296 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to new environments is a key feature in evolution promoting divergence in morphological structures under selection. The house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) introduced on the Sub-Antarctic Guillou Island (Kerguelen Archipelago) had and still has to face environmental conditions that likely shaped the pattern and pace of its insular evolution. Since mouse arrival on the island, probably not more than two centuries ago, ecological conditions dramatically differed from those available to their Western European commensal source populations. In addition, over the last two decades, the plant and animal communities of Guillou Island were considerably modified by the eradication of rabbits, the effects of climate change and the spread of invasive species detrimental to native communities. Under such a changing habitat, the mouse response was investigated using a morphometric quantification of mandible and molar tooth, two morphological structures related to food processing. A marked differentiation of the insular mice compared with their relatives from Western Europe was documented for both mandibles and molar shapes. Moreover, these shapes changed through the 16 years of the record, in agreement with expectations of drift for the molar, but more than expected by chance for the mandible. These results suggest that mice responded to the recent changes in food resources, possibly with a part of plastic variation for the mandible prone to bone remodelling. This pattern exemplifies the intricate interplay of evolution, ecology and plasticity that is a probable key of the success of such an invasive rodent facing pronounced shifts in food resources exploitation under a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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Russell JC. Spatio-temporal patterns of introduced mice and invertebrates on Antipodes Island. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hardouin EA, Chapuis JL, Stevens MI, van Vuuren JB, Quillfeldt P, Scavetta RJ, Teschke M, Tautz D. House mouse colonization patterns on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago suggest singular primary invasions and resilience against re-invasion. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:325. [PMID: 20977744 PMCID: PMC3087545 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starting from Western Europe, the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) has spread across the globe in historic times. However, most oceanic islands were colonized by mice only within the past 300 years. This makes them an excellent model for studying the evolutionary processes during early stages of new colonization. We have focused here on the Kerguelen Archipelago, located within the sub-Antarctic area and compare the patterns with samples from other Southern Ocean islands. RESULTS We have typed 18 autosomal and six Y-chromosomal microsatellite loci and obtained mitochondrial D-loop sequences for a total of 534 samples, mainly from the Kerguelen Archipelago, but also from the Falkland Islands, Marion Island, Amsterdam Island, Antipodes Island, Macquarie Island, Auckland Islands and one sample from South Georgia. We find that most of the mice on the Kerguelen Archipelago have the same mitochondrial haplotype and all share the same major Y-chromosomal haplotype. Two small islands (Cochons Island and Cimetière Island) within the archipelago show a different mitochondrial haplotype, are genetically distinct for autosomal loci, but share the major Y-chromosomal haplotype. In the mitochondrial D-loop sequences, we find several single step mutational derivatives of one of the major mitochondrial haplotypes, suggesting an unusually high mutation rate, or the occurrence of selective sweeps in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Although there was heavy ship traffic for over a hundred years to the Kerguelen Archipelago, it appears that the mice that have arrived first have colonized the main island (Grande Terre) and most of the associated small islands. The second invasion that we see in our data has occurred on islands that are detached from Grande Terre and were likely to have had no resident mice prior to their arrival. The genetic data suggest that the mice of both primary invasions originated from related source populations. Our data suggest that an area colonized by mice is refractory to further introgression, possibly due to fast adaptations of the resident mice to local conditions.
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Evolutionary and functional properties of a two-locus beta-globin polymorphism in Indian house mice. Genetics 2010; 184:1121-31. [PMID: 20100937 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophoretic surveys of hemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism in house mice from South Asia and the Middle East have revealed that two alternative beta-globin haplotypes, Hbb(d) and Hbb(p), are often present at intermediate frequencies in geographically disparate populations. Both haplotypes harbor two functionally distinct beta-globin paralogs, HBB-T1 (which encodes the beta-chain subunits of the major Hb isoform) and HBB-T2 (which encodes the beta-chains of the minor Hb isoform). The Hbb(d) and Hbb(p) haplotypes share identical HBB-T1 alleles, but products of the alternative HBB-T2 alleles (d(minor) and p(minor)) are distinguished by two amino acid substitutions. To investigate the possible adaptive significance of the Hbb(d)/Hbb(p) polymorphism we conducted a population genetic analysis of the duplicated beta-globin genes of Indian house mice (Mus castaneus) in conjunction with experimental studies of Hb function in inbred strains of mice that carry the alternative Hbb(d) and Hbb(p) haplotypes. The main objectives of this study were (i) to characterize patterns of nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in the duplicated beta-globin genes of M. castaneus, (ii) to test the hypothesis that the Hbb(d) and Hbb(p) haplotypes are maintained as a balanced polymorphism, and (iii) to assess whether allelic differences in the alternative minor Hb isoforms (d(minor) and p(minor)) are associated with different O(2)-binding properties. A multilocus analysis of polymorphism and divergence revealed that levels of diversity at the HBB-T2 gene exceeded neutral expectations, and reconstructed haplotype networks for both beta-globin paralogs revealed extensive allele sharing with several other closely related species of Mus. However, despite this suggestive evidence for balancing selection, O(2)-equilibrium curves revealed no discernible functional differences between red cell lysates containing the d(minor) and p(minor) Hb isoforms. If the d(minor) and p(minor) alleles are maintained as a balanced polymorphism, our results indicate that the associated fitness variance is not directly related to respiratory functions of Hb.
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Berry RJ, Sage RD, Lidicker WZ, Jackson WB. Genetical variation in three Pacific House mouse (Mus musculus) populations. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb03452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Berry RJ, Bonner WN, Peters J. Natural selection in House mice (Mus musculus) from South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean). J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Barnett SA, Dickson RG. Changes among wild House mice (Mus musculus) bred for ten generations in a cold environment, and their evolutionary implications. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb02324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Barnett SA, Dickson RG. Interaction of genotype and parental environment in the adaptation of wild House mice Mus musculus to cold. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Berry RJ, Jakobson ME, Peters J. The House mice of the Faroe Islands: a study in microdifferentiation. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Angel A, Wanless RM, Cooper J. Review of impacts of the introduced house mouse on islands in the Southern Ocean: are mice equivalent to rats? Biol Invasions 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-008-9401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Berry RJ. Genetics of insular populations of mammals, with particular reference to differentiation and founder effects in British small mammals. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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NAVARRO MARIANAVAJASY, BRITTON-DAVIDIAN JANICE. Genetic structure of insular Mediterranean populations of the house mouse. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Berry RJ. Where biology meets; or how science advances: Presidential Address to the Linnean Society delivered at the Anniversary Meeting, 24th May 1985. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Storz JF, Baze M, Waite JL, Hoffmann FG, Opazo JC, Hayes JP. Complex signatures of selection and gene conversion in the duplicated globin genes of house mice. Genetics 2007; 177:481-500. [PMID: 17660536 PMCID: PMC2013706 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.078550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of electrophoretic surveys have suggested that hemoglobin polymorphism may be maintained by balancing selection in natural populations of house mice, Mus musculus. Here we report a survey of nucleotide variation in the adult globin genes of house mice from South America. We surveyed nucleotide polymorphism in two closely linked alpha-globin paralogs and two closely linked beta-globin paralogs to test whether patterns of variation are consistent with a model of long-term balancing selection. Surprisingly high levels of nucleotide polymorphism at the two beta-globin paralogs were attributable to the segregation of two highly divergent haplotypes, Hbbs (which carries two identical beta-globin paralogs) and Hbbd (which carries two functionally divergent beta-globin paralogs). Interparalog gene conversion on the Hbbs haplotype has produced a highly unusual situation in which the two paralogs are more similar to one another than either one is to its allelic counterpart on the Hbbd haplotype. Levels of nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium at the two beta-globin paralogs suggest a complex history of diversity-enhancing selection that may be responsible for long-term maintenance of alternative protein alleles. The alternative two-locus beta-globin haplotypes are associated with pronounced differences in intraerythrocyte glutathione and nitric oxide metabolism, suggesting a possible mechanism for selection on hemoglobin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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Aarde RJV, Jackson TP. Food, reproduction and survival in mice on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Polar Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-006-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Demographic responses of house mice to density and temperature on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Polar Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-006-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van Aarde RJ, Ferreira SM, Wassenaar TD. Do feral house mice have an impact on invertebrate communities on sub-Antarctic Marion Island? AUSTRAL ECOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Frankham R. Do island populations have less genetic variation than mainland populations? Heredity (Edinb) 1997; 78 ( Pt 3):311-27. [PMID: 9119706 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1997.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Island populations are much more prone to extinction than mainland populations. The reasons for this remain controversial. If inbreeding and loss of genetic variation are involved, then genetic variation must be lower on average in island than mainland populations. Published data on levels of genetic variation for allozymes, nuclear DNA markers, mitochondrial DNA, inversions and quantitative characters in island and mainland populations were analysed. A large and highly significant majority of island populations have less allozyme genetic variation than their mainland counterparts (165 of 202 comparisons), the average reduction being 29 per cent. The magnitude of differences was related to dispersal ability. There were related differences for all the other measures. Island endemic species showed lower genetic variation than related mainland species in 34 of 38 cases. The proportionate reduction in genetic variation was significantly greater in island endemic than in nonendemic island populations in mammals and birds, but not in insects. Genetic factors cannot be discounted as a cause of higher extinction rates of island than mainland populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frankham
- Key Centre for Biodiversity and Bioresources, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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41
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Pouliquen-Young O. Thermoregulatory behaviour of outdoor and commensal populations of mice (Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus) in response to cold. J Therm Biol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4565(94)90033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
1. More is known about the western European house mouse, Mus (musculus) domesticus than any other non-human mammal. If laboratory and field information is combined, an extremely valuable understanding of the species' bioeconomy could be obtained. 2. The seven stages of mouse life-history are surveyed (up to birth, nest life, sex life, social structure, population statics and stability, senescence, and death), and the interactions between the changing phenotype and the environment are described. 3. These interactions can be used to build up a model of the opportunities and compromises which result in the fitness of individual mice. It is not yet possible to quantify such a model, but this should in principle be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Berry
- Department of Biology, University College, London, UK
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43
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Climatic change and its ecological implications at a subantarctic island. Oecologia 1990; 85:14-24. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1990] [Accepted: 07/05/1990] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
This experiment examined effects of the intermittent exposure to cold. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cold (4-5 degrees C) for six hours in light (L-cold group) or dark (D-cold group) period and their wheel-running and drinking activities, daily amounts of food and water intake, and body weight were analyzed. Wheel running and drinking decreased during cold exposure, while they increased in postcold period. These behavioral changes were more clearly found in the D-cold group. Body weight of the D-cold group was kept constant for all days of cold exposure, while that of the L-cold group tended to increase. These results are discussed from the view points of adaptive significance of postcold behaviors and the relationship between behavioral and physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Omata
- Department of Psychology, School of Letters, Nagoya University, Japan
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45
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Abstract
The house mouse, Mus domesticus, can thrive in natural environments much below its optimum temperature. Thermogenesis is then above that at more usual temperatures. In addition, body weight, and the weights of brown adipose tissue and the kidneys, may be higher than usual. In free populations of house mice cold lowers fertility and may prevent breeding. Other possible limiting factors on breeding are food supply, shelter for nesting and social interactions. In captivity, wild-type house mice exposed to severe cold (around 0 degrees C) at first adapt ontogenetically by shivering and reduced activity. But raised thermogenesis is soon achieved without shivering; nest-building improves; and readiness to explore may be enhanced. Endocrine changes probably include, at least initially, a rise in adrenal cortical activity and in catecholamine secretion. Some females become barren, but many remain fertile. The maturity of fertile females is, however, delayed and intervals between births are lengthened; nestling mortality rises. A limiting factor during lactation may be the capacity of the gut. Similar adaptive changes are observed during winter in some species of small mammals that do not hibernate. But neither the house mouse nor other species present a single, universal pattern of cold-adaptation. Wild-type mice bred for about 10 generations in a warm laboratory environment (20-23 degrees C) change little over generations. In cold they become progressively heavier and fatter at all ages; they mature earlier, and nestling mortality declines. The milk of such 'Eskimo' females is more concentrated than that of controls. If 'Eskimo' mice are returned to a warm environment, they are more fertile, and rear heavier young, than controls that remained in the warm. Despite the heavier young, litter size is not reduced: it may be increased, probably as a result of a higher ovulation rate. Parental effects have been analyzed by cross-fostering and hybridizing. Survival, growth and fertility are all favourably influenced by the intra-uterine and nest environments provided by 'Eskimo' females. 'Eskimo' males are also better fathers. Hence after ten generations the phenotype of cold-adapted house mice shows the combined effects of (a) an ontogenetic response to cold, (b) a superior parental environment and (c) a change genotype. The secular changes in the cold that lead to this phenotype give the appearance of evolution in miniature; but it is equally possible that they represent a genetical versatility that allows rapid, reversible shifts in response to environmental demands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Barnett SA, Dickson RG. Hybrids show parental influence in the adaptation of wild house mice to cold. Genet Res (Camb) 1987; 50:199-204. [PMID: 3443291 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300023703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryWild house mice, Mus musculus, were bred (a) at 3 °C (‘Eskimo’) and (b) at 23 °C. Mice of the ninth generation bred at 23°C were transferred to the cold environment. Their young, and Eskimo of the same (tenth) generation, were mated to give the four possible types of pairs: controls; the two reciprocal hybrid pairings; and Eskimo. In the resulting (eleventh) generation there were therefore two hybrid classes, genetically identical but with different parentage. The growth and reproduction of the eleventh generation were studied. At all ages from birth, mice with Eskimo mothers were heavier than those with control mothers. They were also better breeders: (1) they matured earlier; (2) their litters were larger; (3) the mortality of their young in the nest was lower. In one feature there was heterosis: of the four classes, the hybrids with Eskimo mothers produced the largest litters. These and previous findings suggest rapid selection, in the cold, for changes in growth, reproductive physiology and other aspects of metabolism. The cold-adapted mice of a given generation differed from the controls partly as a result of favourable parental effects, which acted in conjunction with genetical differences. It is hypothesized that the ecological versatility of Mus musculus depends partly on the presence, in each population, of alternative genotypes which allow rapid adaptation to new conditions.
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BERRY RJ, JAKOBSON ME, PETERS J. Inherited differences within an island population of the House mouse (Mus domesticus). J Zool (1987) 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schneider JE, Hamilton JM, Wade GN. Genetic association between nest building and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in female house mice. J Comp Physiol B 1987; 157:39-44. [PMID: 3033034 DOI: 10.1007/bf00702726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mice selectively bred for either high or low levels of thermoregulatory nest building were cold-acclimated (5 degrees C) for 3 weeks without nesting material; then body weight and food intake were measured. The mice selected for low nest building (Lows) of both sexes showed lower feed efficiencies than the high nest-building mice (Highs), although their body weights were not significantly different (Table 1). This adds to a large body of evidence which suggests that nest building and feed efficiency were influenced by a common mechanism (Lacy et al. 1978; Sulzbach and Lynch 1984; Lynch et al. 1981; Lynch and Roberts 1984). Brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding and cytochrome c oxidase activity were measured in the above mice. In females, the Lows had 100% higher levels of total GDP binding than the Highs, while no difference between the lines was seen in males. Thus in the High females, lower energy expenditure through brown fat thermogenesis may account for their greater feed efficiency. In males, the genetic differences in feed efficiency must be due to differences in either thermogenesis in tissues other than brown fat, or mechanisms which reduce heat loss.
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Berry RJ. Genetical processes in wild mouse populations. Past myth and present knowledge. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1986; 127:86-94. [PMID: 3731858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71304-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lynch CB, Roberts RC. Aspects of temperature regulation in mice selected for large and small size. Genet Res (Camb) 1984; 43:299-306. [PMID: 6468930 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300026082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYWe measured traits involved in physiological and behavioural thermoregulation in the 6 replicates of a selection experiment for large and small size (6-week weight) in mice, including control lines (18 lines in all). The observed genetic correlations between body size and thermoregulatory traits are consistent with a thermoregulatory advantage of large size, including decreased weight-specific food consumption and increased nest-building, with no change in body temperature. The differences in food consumption were closely paralleled by differences in amount of brown adipose tissue, strongly suggesting that much of the decreased efficiency of the small lines is due to heat production by brown fat. These results are consistent with available observations on natural populations, that selection for temperature adaptation probably has had some influence on body size in this species.
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