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Khatsaeva R, Kozyrev S, Khasaev A. Functional morphology and adaptive significance of the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in ruminants. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224302023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, morphological and functional features of the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in representatives of Bovinae cattle [Bos taurus taurus] with normal and insufficient nutrition and their adaptive significance were revealed. Determination of the morphology of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth of ruminants by the specificity of their nutrition and physical condition is shown. Compensatory mechanisms have been identified in the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in Bos taurus taurus, caused by poor-quality malnutrition. The ultrastructural features of the architectonics of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth and microbiome were revealed in connection with the specific nutritional characteristics of the compared animals. The obtained information can be used in development of the foundations of rational feeding of ruminants, including keeping wild species in captivity and solving the problems of rational nature management and conservation of biodiversity.
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Kišidayová S, Durkaj D, Mihaliková K, Váradyová Z, Puchalska J, Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieślak A, Gizejewski Z. Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison ( Bison bonasus, Linnaeus). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658448. [PMID: 34262537 PMCID: PMC8273303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to perform population analysis of the rumen ciliated protozoa of the free-living European bison (wisent, Bison bonasus, Linnaeus). The samples of the rumen fluid from the 18 bison subjected to the controlled culls within the free-ranging population in the Bialowieza primeval forest in Poland were collected and examined. The examined ciliates population consisted of the species of the families Isotrichidae and Ophryoscolecidae. There were 12 genera (Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Ophryoscolex, and Ostracodinium) and 32 morphospecies of the ciliates. We observed the prevalence of a type B protozoan population (56% animals) with the typical Epidinium and Eudiplodinium genera members. Other examined animals possessed the mixed A-B population with Ophryoscolex genus, distinct for type A ciliate population. The average total ciliates count was 2.77 ± 1.03 × 105/ml (mean ± SD). The most abundant genera were Entodinium, 83%, and Dasytricha, 14%. The abundance of other genera was <1% of the total count. Within the 16 Entodinium species determined, the most abundant species was Entodinium nanellum (16.3% of total ciliates count). The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.1 ± 0.39, evenness was 0.7 ± 0.11, and species richness was 24 ± 3.0 (mean ± SD). Our study is the first report on the population composition and diversity of rumen ciliates of European bison. The composition and counts of ciliate genera and species were similar to the composition and counts of the rumen ciliated protozoa of American bison and many other kinds of free-living and domestic ruminants. Our European bison ciliate population analysis has shown medium ciliate density and high diversity typical for large free-living ruminants with mixed feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dominik Durkaj
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Mihaliková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Julia Puchalska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Gizejewski
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ehrlich C, Codron D, Hofmann RR, Hummel J, Clauss M. Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations. J Morphol 2019; 280:259-277. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehrlich
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daryl Codron
- Florisbad Quaternary Research DepartmentNational Museum Bloemfontein South Africa
- Centre for Environmental ManagementUniversity of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | | | - Jürgen Hummel
- Ruminant Nutrition, Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Krizsan SJ, Mateos-Rivera A, Bertilsson S, Felton A, Anttila A, Ramin M, Vaga M, Gidlund H, Huhtanen P. An in vitro evaluation of browser and grazer fermentation efficiency and microbiota using European moose spring and summer foods. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4183-4196. [PMID: 29721290 PMCID: PMC5916270 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary morphological and physiological differences between browsers and grazers contribute to species‐specific digestion efficiency of food resources. Rumen microbial community structure of browsers is supposedly adapted to characteristic nutrient composition of the diet source. If this assumption is correct, domesticated ruminants, or grazers, are poor model animals for assessing the nutritional value of food consumed by browsing game species. In this study, typical spring and summer foods of the European moose (Alces alces) were combined with rumen fluid collected from both dairy cows (Bos taurus) and from moose, with the aim of comparing fermentation efficiency and microbial community composition. The nutritional value of the food resources was characterized by chemical analysis and advanced in vitro measurements. The study also addressed whether or not feed evaluation based on in vitro techniques with cattle rumen fluid as inoculum could be a practical alternative when evaluating the nutritional value of plants consumed by wild browsers. Our results suggest that the fermentation characteristics of moose spring and summer food are partly host‐specific and related to the contribution of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes to the rumen microbial community. Host‐specific adaptations of the ruminal microbial community structure could be explained from the evolutionary adaptations related to feeding habitats and morphophysiological differences between browsers and grazers. However, the observed overall differences in microbial community structure could not be related to ruminal digestion parameters measured in vitro. The in vitro evaluation of digestion efficiency reveals that equal amounts of methane were produced across all feed samples regardless of whether the ruminal fluid was from moose or dairy cow. The results of this study suggested that the nutritional value of browsers' spring and summer food can be predicted using rumen fluid from domesticated grazers as inoculum in in vitro assessments of extent of digestion when excluding samples of the white water lily root, but not of fermentation characteristics as indicated by the proportions of individual fermentation fatty acids to the total of volatile fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Krizsan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Alejandro Mateos-Rivera
- Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Present address: Department of Science and Technology Høgskulen i Sogn og Fjordane Sogndal Norway
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Annika Felton
- Department of Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - Anne Anttila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences Helsinki University Helsinki Finland
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Merko Vaga
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Helena Gidlund
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Pekka Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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Tahas SA, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Reese S, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Gross Measurements of the Digestive Tract and Visceral Organs of Addax Antelope (Addax nasomaculatus
) Following a Concentrate or Forage Feeding Regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:282-293. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - O. Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - A. Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - S. Reese
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Veterinary Faculty; LMU Munich; Veterinärstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - J.-M. Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Pérez W, Vazquez N, Ungerfeld R. Gross Anatomy of Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758) Mouth and Pharynx. Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 46:195-203. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Pérez
- Área de Anatomía; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de la República; Lasplaces 1620 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - N. Vazquez
- Área de Anatomía; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de la República; Lasplaces 1620 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - R. Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de la República; Lasplaces 1620 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
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Bonin M, Tremblay JP, Côté SD. Contributions of digestive plasticity to the ability of white-tailed deer to cope with a low-quality diet. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meier AR, Schmuck U, Meloro C, Clauss M, Hofmann RR. Convergence of macroscopic tongue anatomy in ruminants and scaling relationships with body mass or tongue length. J Morphol 2016; 277:351-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Meier
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Ute Schmuck
- Tierärztliche Praxis Für Kleintiere; Soestenstrasse 26 Cloppenburg 49661 Germany
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology; Liverpool John Moores University; James Parsons Building Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
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Sauer C, Bertelsen MF, Hammer S, Lund P, Weisbjerg MR, Clauss M. Macroscopic digestive tract anatomy of two small antelopes, the blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) and the Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa marica). Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:392-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Sauer
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Roskildevej 38 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Mads F. Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Roskildevej 38 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Sven Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Martin R. Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 260 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Sauer C, Bertelsen MF, Lund P, Weisbjerg MR, Clauss M. Quantitative Macroscopic Anatomy of the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Digestive Tract. Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:338-49. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sauer
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Roskildevej 38 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - M. F. Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Roskildevej 38 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - P. Lund
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - M. R. Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science; Aarhus University; AU Foulum; Blichers Allé 20 PO Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - M. Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 260 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Dittmann MT, Hummel J, Hammer S, Arif A, Hebel C, Müller DW, Fritz J, Steuer P, Schwarm A, Kreuzer M, Clauss M. Digesta kinetics in gazelles in comparison to other ruminants: Evidence for taxon-specific rumen fluid throughput to adjust digesta washing to the natural diet. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 185:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Varela L, Fariña RA. Masseter moment arm as a dietary proxy in herbivorous ungulates. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Varela
- Sección Paleontología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - R. A. Fariña
- Sección Paleontología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
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Clauss M, Rössner GE. Old World Ruminant Morphophysiology, Life History, and Fossil Record: Exploring Key Innovations of a Diversification Sequence. ANN ZOOL FENN 2014. [DOI: 10.5735/086.051.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pérez W, Erdogan S, Ungerfeld R. Anatomical Study of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Free-living Axis Deer (Axis axis). Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:43-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Pérez
- Área de Anatomía; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de la República; Lasplaces 1620 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - S. Erdogan
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Dicle; Diyarbakir 21280 Turkey
| | - R. Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de la República; Lasplaces 1620 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
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Lauper M, Lechner I, Barboza PS, Collins WB, Hummel J, Codron D, Clauss M. Rumination of different-sized particles in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and moose (Alces alces) on grass and browse diets, and implications for rumination in different ruminant feeding types. Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Müller DW, Caton J, Codron D, Schwarm A, Lentle R, Streich WJ, Hummel J, Clauss M. Phylogenetic constraints on digesta separation: Variation in fluid throughput in the digestive tract in mammalian herbivores. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:207-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The effect of size and density on the mean retention time of particles in the reticulorumen of cattle ( Bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus) and moose ( Alces alces). Br J Nutr 2010; 105:634-44. [PMID: 21144130 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510004101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Particle passage from the reticulorumen (RR) depends on particle density and size. Forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the RR. Particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). We investigated these effects independently, by inserting plastic particles of different sizes (1, 10 and 20 mm) and densities (1·03, 1·20 and 1·44 mg/ml) in the RR of cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus) as a pilot study, and of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus; n 4) and moose (Alces alces; n 2) both fed two diets (browse and grass). Faeces were analysed for plastic residues for 13 d after dosing to calculate mean retention times (MRT). The results confirmed previous findings of differences in absolute MRT between species. Comparing muskoxen with moose, there was no difference in the effect of particle density on the MRT between species but particle size had a more pronounced effect on the MRT in muskoxen than in moose. This indicated a stronger 'filter-bed effect' in muskoxen, in accord with the reports of stratified RR contents in this species v. the absence of RR content stratification in moose. Low-density particles were retained longer in both species fed on grass diets, indicating a contribution of forage type to the 'filter-bed effect'. The results indicate that retention based on particle size may differ between ruminant species, depending on the presence of a fibre mat in the RR, whereas the density-dependent mechanism of sedimentation in the RR is rather constant across species.
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Codron D, Clauss M. Rumen physiology constrains diet niche: linking digestive physiology and food selection across wild ruminant species. CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We propose a hypothesis for digestive constraints on the browsing and grazing options available to ruminants: that the diet-niche range (maximum and minimum grass intake) of a species is dependent upon its predisposition to stratified rumen contents, based on observations that this characteristic is a critical step towards enhanced fibre digestion and greater fluid throughput. We compare a physiological (heterogeneity of ingesta fluid content) and an anatomical (the intraruminal papillation pattern) measure with dietary evidence for a range of African and temperate species. Both measures are strongly related to the mean percentage of grass in species’ natural diets, as well as to the maximum and minimum levels of grass intake, respectively. The nature of these effects implies a stratification-level threshold, below which a species will not use a grass-based diet, but above which grass consumption can increase exponentially. However, above this threshold, a minimum percentage of grass in the diet is a prerequisite for optimal performance. We argue that this second constraint is crucial, as it depicts how a greater fluid throughput reduces potential for detoxification of plant secondary compounds, and therefore limits the maximum amount of browse a stratifying species will consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Codron
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Florisbad Quaternary Research, National Museum, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Florisbad Quaternary Research, National Museum, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Clauss M, Müller K, Fickel J, Streich WJ, Hatt JM, Südekum KH. Macroecology of the host determines microecology of endobionts: protozoal faunas vary with wild ruminant feeding type and body mass. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beck DC, Jiang H, Zhang L. Elucidating the Evolutionary Relationships among Bos taurus Digestive Organs Using Unigene Expression Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2010; 2010:803142. [PMID: 21350656 PMCID: PMC3042666 DOI: 10.4061/2009/803142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the nature of ruminant evolution is still disputed, current theory based on physiology and genetic analysis suggests that the abomasum is the evolutionarily oldest stomach compartment, the rumen evolved some time after the abomasum, and the omasum is the evolutionarily youngest stomach compartment. In addition, there is some evidence of relaxed selective constraint in the stomach-like organ and the foregut shortly after the foregut formation event. Along with the assumption of a mean, stochastic rate of evolution, analysis of differences in genetic profiles among digestive body organs can give clues to the relationships among these organs. The presence of large numbers of uniquely expressed entries in the abomasum and rumen indicates either a period of relaxed selective constraint or greater evolutionary age. Additionally, differences in expression profiles indicate that the abomasum, rumen, and intestine are more closely related to each other, while the reticulum and omasum are more closely related to the rumen. Functional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) categories also supports the proposed evolutionary relationships by identifying shared functions, such as muscle activity and development, lipid transport, and urea metabolism, between all sections of the digestive tract investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Beck
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 114 McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Lechner I, Barboza P, Collins W, Fritz J, Günther D, Hattendorf B, Hummel J, Südekum KH, Clauss M. Differential passage of fluids and different-sized particles in fistulated oxen (Bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces): Rumen particle size discrimination is independent from contents stratification. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 155:211-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems. Animal 2010; 4:979-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Clauss M, Hofmann RR, Streich WJ, Fickel J, Hummel J. Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schwarm A, Ortmann S, Wolf C, Streich WJ, Clauss M. Passage marker excretion in red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and colobine monkeys (Colobus angolensis,C. polykomos,Trachypithecus johnii). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 311:647-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lechner I, Barboza P, Collins W, Günther D, Hattendorf B, Hummel J, Clauss M. No ‘bypass’ in adult ruminants: Passage of fluid ingested vs. fluid inserted into the rumen in fistulated muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pérez W, Lima M, Clauss M. Gross anatomy of the intestine in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:432-5. [PMID: 19681830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the macroscopic anatomy of the intestine of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). The small intestine was divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum as usual. The caecum was attached to the ileum by a long ileocaecal fold, and to the proximal ansa of the ascending colon by a caecocolic fold. The ascending colon was the most developed portion of the gross intestine and had the most complex arrangement with three ansae: the proximal ansa, the spiral ansa and the distal ansa. The proximal ansa completely encircled the caecum, describing a 360 degrees gyrus, and represented the widest portion of the intestine. The spiral ansa was formed by three and a half centripetal gyri, a central flexure and three centrifugal gyri. The last centrifugal gyrus left the spiral and described nine flexures of different form and direction over the left side of the mesentery. The two portions that formed each of these flexures ran parallel to each other. The last part of this gyrus ran parallel to the jejunum. When compared with domestic cattle, giraffe had a comparatively short small intestine and a comparatively long large intestine, with a resulting small ratio of small:large intestine. Reasons are presented why this should be considered a peculiarity of cattle-like ruminants rather than a different representative of a browser-grazer dichotomy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pérez
- Area de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Clauss M, Hofmann RR, Fickel J, Streich WJ, Hummel J. The intraruminal papillation gradient in wild ruminants of different feeding types: Implications for rumen physiology. J Morphol 2009; 270:929-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clauss M, Adamczewski J, Hofmann RR. Surface enlargement in the rumen of free-ranging muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-009-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Clauss M, Fritz J, Bayer D, Hummel J, Streich WJ, Südekum KH, Hatt JM. Physical characteristics of rumen contents in two small ruminants of different feeding type, the mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon) and the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). ZOOLOGY 2009; 112:195-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hummel J, Südekum KH, Bayer D, Ortmann S, Streich WJ, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Physical characteristics of reticuloruminal contents of oxen in relation to forage type and time after feeding. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:209-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Physical characteristics of rumen contents in four large ruminants of different feeding type, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus), bison (Bison bison), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Higher masseter muscle mass in grazing than in browsing ruminants. Oecologia 2008; 157:377-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nwaogu CI, Ezeasor ND. Studies on the development of omasum in West African dwarf goats (Capra hircus). Vet Res Commun 2008; 32:543-52. [PMID: 18461466 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work studied the sequential morphological changes of omasum in foetuses, neonates and adult West African Dwarf (WAD) goats by gross and light microscopic methods. The mean omasal volume was 1.37 +/- 0.36, 4.2 +/- 0.4, 8.7 +/- 6.9 and 60.1 +/- 8.6 ml for gestation day 87 and 146 foetuses, neonates and adults respectively. Grossly the mucosa exhibited longitudinally oriented primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnery laminae with smooth surface in foetuses and numerous papillae in the adults. Microscopically it was lined by stratified squamous epithelium which was divided into larger lighter luminal and smaller darker basal zones in gestation day 60 foetuses. The core of the laminae contained extension of the inner muscular tunic. The basal zone developed lateral evaginations (corial papillae) into the lighter zone of the laminae in gestation day 106 foetuses. By term these corial papillae approached the luminal surface. The papillae emerged above the luminal surface in 4 week old neonates. The papillae were fully developed in adult goats. The mean papillary height and width were -205.1 +/- 34.0, 67.0 +/- 9.6; 235.0 +/- 86.5, 185.0 +/- 42.3 and 570.3 +/- 60.0, 290.1 +/- 66.3 microm for foetuses, neonates and adult goats. The inner circular layer was thicker than the outer longitudinal layer of the muscular tunic. The central muscular layer of the laminae originated from the inner circular layer with attachment to the outer muscular layer in adults. This attachment could be adaptation for better anchorage and muscular contraction of the laminae in WAD goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chima Innocent Nwaogu
- Department of Veterinary Aanatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Schwarm A, Ortmann S, Wolf C, Jürgen Streich W, Clauss M. Excretion patterns of fluid and different sized particle passage markers in banteng (Bos javanicus) and pygmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis): Two functionally different foregut fermenters. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 150:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tschuor A, Clauss M. Investigations on the stratification of forestomach contents in ruminants: an ultrasonographic approach. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-008-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hofmann RR, Streich WJ, Fickel J, Hummel J, Clauss M. Convergent evolution in feeding types: salivary gland mass differences in wild ruminant species. J Morphol 2008; 269:240-57. [PMID: 17957712 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the ongoing debate about divergent evolutionary morphophysiological adaptations of grazing and browsing ruminants, the size of the salivary glands has received special attention. Here, we report the most comprehensive dataset on ruminant salivary glands so far, with data on the Glandula parotis (n=62 species), Gl. mandibularis (n=61), Gl. buccalis ventralis (n=44), and Gl. sublingualis (n=30). All four salivary gland complexes showed allometric scaling with body mass (BM); in all cases, the 95% confidence interval for the allometric exponent included 0.75 but did not include 1.0 (linearity); therefore, like other parameters linked to the process of food intake, salivary gland mass appears to be correlated to metabolic body weight (BM0.75), and comparisons of relative salivary gland mass between species should rather be made on the basis of BM0.75 than as a percentage of BM. In the subsequent analyses, the percentage of grass (%grass) in the natural diet was used to characterize the feeding type; the phylogenetic tree used for a controlled statistical evaluation was entirely based on mitochondrial DNA information. Regardless of phylogenetic control in the statistical treatment, there was, for all four gland complexes, a significant positive correlation of BM and gland mass, and a significant negative correlation between %grass in the natural diet and gland mass. If the Gl. parotis was analyzed either for cervid or for bovid species only, the negative correlation of gland mass and %grass was still significant in either case; an inspection of certain ruminant subfamilies, however, suggested that a convergent evolutionary adaptation can only be demonstrated if a sufficient variety of ruminant subfamilies are included in a dataset. The results support the concept that ruminant species that ingest more grass have smaller salivary glands, possibly indicating a reduced requirement for the production of salivary tannin-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinold R Hofmann
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin 10315, Germany
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Hummel J, Steuer P, Südekum KH, Hammer S, Hammer C, Streich WJ, Clauss M. Fluid and particle retention in the digestive tract of the addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus)—Adaptations of a grazing desert ruminant. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 149:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Clauss M, Kaiser T, Hummel J. The Morphophysiological Adaptations of Browsing and Grazing Mammals. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72422-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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HUMMEL J, SÜDEKUM KH, STREICH WJ, CLAUSS M. Forage fermentation patterns and their implications for herbivore ingesta retention times. Funct Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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