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Tsers I, Marenina E, Meshcherov A, Petrova O, Gogoleva O, Tkachenko A, Gogoleva N, Gogolev Y, Potapenko E, Muraeva O, Ponomareva M, Korzun V, Gorshkov V. First genome-scale insights into the virulence of the snow mold causal fungus Microdochium nivale. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36627722 PMCID: PMC9830731 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pink snow mold, caused by a phytopathogenic and psychrotolerant fungus, Microdochium nivale, is a severe disease of winter cereals and grasses that predominantly occurs under snow cover or shortly after its melt. Snow mold has significantly progressed during the past decade, often reaching epiphytotic levels in northern countries and resulting in dramatic yield losses. In addition, M. nivale gradually adapts to a warmer climate, spreading to less snowy territories and causing different types of plant diseases throughout the growing period. Despite its great economic importance, M. nivale is poorly investigated; its genome has not been sequenced and its crucial virulence determinants have not been identified or even predicted. In our study, we applied a hybrid assembly based on Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads to obtain the first genome sequence of M. nivale. 11,973 genes (including 11,789 protein-encoding genes) have been revealed in the genome assembly. To better understand the genetic potential of M. nivale and to obtain a convenient reference for transcriptomic studies on this species, the identified genes were annotated and split into hierarchical three-level functional categories. A file with functionally classified M. nivale genes is presented in our study for general use. M. nivale gene products that best meet the criteria for virulence factors have been identified. The genetic potential to synthesize human-dangerous mycotoxins (fumonisin, ochratoxin B, aflatoxin, and gliotoxin) has been revealed for M. nivale. The transcriptome analysis combined with the assays for extracellular enzymatic activities (conventional virulence factors of many phytopathogens) was carried out to assess the effect of host plant (rye) metabolites on the M. nivale phenotype. In addition to disclosing plant-metabolite-upregulated M. nivale functional gene groups (including those related to host plant protein destruction and amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxication (including phytoalexins benzoxazinoids), cellulose destruction (cellulose monooxygenases), iron transport, etc.), the performed analysis pointed to a crucial role of host plant lipid destruction and fungal lipid metabolism modulation in plant-M. nivale interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Ekaterina Marenina
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Azat Meshcherov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Petrova
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Alexander Tkachenko
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Laboratory of Computer Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197101
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Evgenii Potapenko
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Muraeva
- grid.512700.1Bioinformatics Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197342
| | - Mira Ponomareva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Viktor Korzun
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111 ,grid.425691.dKWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
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Gorshkov V, Osipova E, Ponomareva M, Ponomarev S, Gogoleva N, Petrova O, Gogoleva O, Meshcherov A, Balkin A, Vetchinkina E, Potapov K, Gogolev Y, Korzun V. Rye Snow Mold-Associated Microdochium nivale Strains Inhabiting a Common Area: Variability in Genetics, Morphotype, Extracellular Enzymatic Activities, and Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E335. [PMID: 33287447 PMCID: PMC7761817 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snow mold is a severe plant disease caused by psychrophilic or psychrotolerant fungi, of which Microdochium species are the most harmful. A clear understanding of Microdochium biology has many gaps; the pathocomplex and its dynamic are poorly characterized, virulence factors are unknown, genome sequences are not available, and the criteria of plant snow mold resistance are not elucidated. Our study aimed to identify comprehensive characteristics of a local community of snow mold-causing Microdochium species colonizing a particular crop culture. By using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, we characterized fungal and bacterial communities of pink snow mold-affected winter rye (Secale cereale) plants within a given geographical location shortly after snowmelt. Twenty-one strains of M. nivale were isolated, classified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, and characterized by morphology, synthesis of extracellular enzymes, and virulence. Several types of extracellular enzymatic activities, the level of which had no correlations with the degree of virulence, were revealed for Microdochium species for the first time. Our study shows that genetically and phenotypically diverse M. nivale strains simultaneously colonize winter rye plants within a common area, and each strain is likely to utilize its own, unique strategy to cause the disease using "a personal" pattern of extracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Elena Osipova
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Mira Ponomareva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Sergey Ponomarev
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Azat Meshcherov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Alexander Balkin
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Elena Vetchinkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Kim Potapov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Viktor Korzun
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstr. 31, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
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Boo SY, Wong CMVL, Rodrigues KF, Najimudin N, Murad AMA, Mahadi NM. Thermal stress responses in Antarctic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12, characterized by real-time quantitative PCR. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Deegenaars ML, Watson K. Stress proteins and stress tolerance in an Antarctic, psychrophilic yeast, Candida psychrophila. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 151:191-6. [PMID: 9228753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditions are described for the heat shock acquisition of thermotolerance, peroxide tolerance and synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsps) in the Antarctic, psychrophilic yeast Candida psychrophila. Cells grown at 15 degrees C and heat shocked at 25 degrees C (3 h) acquired tolerance to heat (35 degrees C) and hydrogen peroxide (100 mM). Novel heat shock inducible proteins at 80 and 110 kDa were observed as well as the presence of hsp 90, 70 and 60. The latter hsps were not significantly heat shock inducible. The absence of hsp 104 was intriguing and it was speculated that the 110 kDa protein may play a role in stress tolerance in psychrophilic yeasts, similar to that of hsp 104 in mesophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Deegenaars
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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