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Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hao Y, Wu H, Shen H, Zhang P. Mechanisms of photoprotection in overwintering evergreen conifers: Sustained quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108638. [PMID: 38653096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Evergreen conifers growing in high-latitude regions must endure prolonged winters that are characterized by sub-zero temperatures combined with light, conditions that can cause significant photooxidative stress. Understanding overwintering mechanisms is crucial for addressing winter adversity in temperate forest ecosystems and enhancing the ability of conifers to adapt to climate change. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the photoprotective mechanisms that conifers employ to mitigate photooxidative stress, particularly non-photochemical "sustained quenching", the mechanism of which is hypothesized to be a recombination or deformation of the original mechanism employed by conifers in response to short-term low temperature and intense light stress in the past. Based on this hypothesis, scattered studies in this field are assembled and integrated into a complete mechanism of sustained quenching embedded in the adaptation process of plant physiology. It also reveals which parts of the whole system have been verified in conifers and which have only been verified in non-conifers, and proposes specific directions for future research. The functional implications of studies of non-coniferous plant species for the study of coniferous trees are also considered, as a wide range of plant responses lead to sustained quenching, even among different conifer species. In addition, the review highlights the challenges of measuring sustained quenching and discusses the application of ultrafast-time-resolved fluorescence and decay-associated spectra for the elucidation of photosynthetic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Yuanqin Hao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Hailong Shen
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Arias-Real R, Menéndez M, Muñoz I, Pascoal C. Drying shapes the ecological niche of aquatic fungi with implications on ecosystem functioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160374. [PMID: 36427710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most abundant and diverse organisms on Earth and play pivotal roles in global carbon processing, nutrient cycling and food webs. Despite their abundant and functional importance, little is known about the patterns and mechanisms governing their community composition in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams, which are the most common fluvial ecosystems globally. Thus far, it is known that aquatic fungi have evolved various life-history strategies and functional adaptations to cope with drying. Nevertheless, some of these adaptations have a metabolic cost and trade-offs between growth, reproduction and dispersion that may affect ecosystem functioning. Thus, understanding their ecological strategies along a gradient of drying is crucial to assess how species will respond to global change and to identify meaningful taxa to maintain ecosystem functions. By combining in situ hydrological information with a niche-based approach, we analysed the role of drying in explaining the spatial segregation of fungal species, and we determined their specialization and affinity over a gradient of drying. In addition, we estimated whether species niches are good predictors of two key ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Overall, we found that annual drying duration and frequency were the most influential variables upon species niche differentiation across the 15 studied streams. Our cluster analysis identified four drying niche-based groups with contrasting distributions and responses over the drying gradient: drying-sensitive, partly tolerant to drying, generalist, and drying-resistant specialist. In addition, we found that species belonging to the drying specialist group showed a weak contribution to both ecosystem processes, suggesting trade-offs between drying resistance strategies and the energy invested in growth. Taken together, our results suggest that increased water scarcity may jeopardise the capacity of aquatic fungi to guarantee ecosystem functioning and to maintain biogeochemical cycles despite their ability to cope with drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arias-Real
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Abstract
AbstractInvestigating the influence of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning over environmental gradients is needed to anticipate ecosystem responses to global change. However, our understanding of the functional role of freshwater biodiversity, especially for microbes, is mainly based on manipulative experiments, where biodiversity and environmental variability are minimized. Here, we combined observational and manipulative experiments to analyse how fungal biodiversity responds to and mediates the impacts of drying on two key ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Our observational data set consists of fungal biodiversity and ecosystem processes from 15 streams spanning a natural gradient of flow intermittence. Our manipulative design evaluates the responses of ecosystem processes to two fungal richness levels crossed with three levels of drying. For the observational experiment, we found that increasing the duration of drying reduced fungal species richness and caused compositional changes. Changes in species composition were driven by species turnover, suggesting resistance mechanisms to cope with drying. We also found that fungal richness had a positive effect on organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Positive effects of fungal biodiversity were consistent when controlling for the effects of drying duration on richness by means of structural equation modelling. In addition, our results for the manipulative experiment showed that the positive effects of higher richness on both ecosystem processes were evident even when exposed to short or long simulated drying. Overall, our study suggests that maintaining high levels of biodiversity is crucial for maintaining functional freshwater ecosystems in response to ongoing and future environmental changes.
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Schmiege SC, Buckley BM, Stevenson DW, Heskel MA, Cuong TQ, Nam LC, Griffin KL. Respiratory temperature responses of tropical conifers differ with leaf morphology. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Schmiege
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | | | - Dennis W. Stevenson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | - Mary A. Heskel
- Department of Biology Macalester College Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Truong Quang Cuong
- Bidoup Nui Ba National Park Lac Duong District Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Le Canh Nam
- Forest Science Institute of Central Highlands and South of Central Vietnam Dalat City Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New York NY USA
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Fan D, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang S, Xie Z. Does Cathaya argyrophylla, an ancient and threatened Pinaceae species endemic to China, show eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa094. [PMID: 33093958 PMCID: PMC7566968 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathaya argyrophylla is an ancient and threatened Pinaceae species endemic to China, but its eco-physiological traits are rarely reported. We hypothesized that Cathaya showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives, which lead to its current endangered status. Here we collected the photosynthetic capacity (P n, maximum photosynthesis rate) and branchlet hydraulic safety (P 50, the water potential at which a 50% loss in conductivity occurs) of Pinaceae species globally, including our measurements on Cathaya. We applied the phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate: (i) the phylogenetic signal of the two key traits across Pinaceae species, and (ii) the trait-climate relationships and the photosynthesis-cavitation resistance relationship across Pinaceae species. We applied the polygenetic quantile regression (PQR) method to assess whether Cathaya showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives in terms of cavitation resistance and photosynthetic capacity. It was found that P 50, and to a less extent, P n, had a strong phylogenetic signal consistent with niche conservation among Pinaceae species. Hydraulic safety largely determined non-threatened Pinaceae species' distribution across moisture gradients at the global scale. There was also an adaptive trade-off relationship between P n and P 50. Cathaya is a high cavitation resistant, low photosynthetic capacity species. It showed eco-physiological outliers to its Pinaceae relatives because it had lower P 50 and P n below the 10% quantile boundaries along moisture and/or temperature gradients; also, it was above the 90% quantile boundary of the P n and P 50 relationship across non-endangered Pinaceae species. The PQR output demonstrated that in the subtropical area of China characterized by abundant rainfall, Cathaya has extra high hydraulic safety, suggesting inefficiency of carbon economy associated with either competition or other life history strategies, which lead to its current endangered status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Fan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, No. 221, Beisi Road, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Xiangshan Nanxin Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shouren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Xiangshan Nanxin Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Xiangshan Nanxin Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
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Access to common laparoscopic general surgical procedures: do racial disparities exist? Surg Endosc 2019; 34:1376-1386. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ge XJ, Hsu TW, Hung KH, Lin CJ, Huang CC, Huang CC, Chiang YC, Chiang TY. Inferring multiple refugia and phylogeographical patterns in Pinus massoniana based on nucleotide sequence variation and DNA fingerprinting. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43717. [PMID: 22952747 PMCID: PMC3430689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinus massoniana, an ecologically and economically important conifer, is widespread across central and southern mainland China and Taiwan. In this study, we tested the central-marginal paradigm that predicts that the marginal populations tend to be less polymorphic than the central ones in their genetic composition, and examined a founders' effect in the island population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the phylogeography and population structuring of the P. massoniana based on nucleotide sequences of cpDNA atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, intron regions of the AdhC2 locus, and microsatellite fingerprints. SAMOVA analysis of nucleotide sequences indicated that most genetic variants resided among geographical regions. High levels of genetic diversity in the marginal populations in the south region, a pattern seemingly contradicting the central-marginal paradigm, and the fixation of private haplotypes in most populations indicate that multiple refugia may have existed over the glacial maxima. STRUCTURE analyses on microsatellites revealed that genetic structure of mainland populations was mediated with recent genetic exchanges mostly via pollen flow, and that the genetic composition in east region was intermixed between south and west regions, a pattern likely shaped by gene introgression and maintenance of ancestral polymorphisms. As expected, the small island population in Taiwan was genetically differentiated from mainland populations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The marginal populations in south region possessed divergent gene pools, suggesting that the past glaciations might have low impacts on these populations at low latitudes. Estimates of ancestral population sizes interestingly reflect a recent expansion in mainland from a rather smaller population, a pattern that seemingly agrees with the pollen record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tsai-Wen Hsu
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jian Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-CC); (T-YC)
| | - Tzen-Yuh Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-CC); (T-YC)
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