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Sheridan A, Kapur K, Pinard F, Dietrich Alber F, Camposano S, Pike MG, Klein A, Gorman MP. IQ predictors in pediatric opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome: a large international cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1444-1449. [PMID: 32696984 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine predictors of full-scale IQ (FSIQ) in an international pediatric opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) cohort. METHOD In this retrospective and prospective cohort study at three academic medical centers (2006-2013), the primary outcome measure, FSIQ, was categorized based on z-score: above average (≥+1), average (+1 to -1), mildly impaired (-1 to -2), and impaired (<-2). Univariate analysis and multivariable linear regression modeling using stepwise selection with Akaike's information criterion was performed to understand the relationship between exposures and FSIQ. RESULTS Of 81 participants, 37 with sufficient data had mean FSIQ 84.38 (SD 20.55) and median 90 (40-114) at latest available evaluation (mean age 8y 5mo). Twenty (54%), nine (24.3%), and eight (21.6%) had normal, mildly impaired, and impaired FSIQ respectively. The final multivariable linear regression model included 34 participants with evaluable data: number of relapses occurring before neuropsychological testing (p<0.001) and OMS severity score at last follow-up (p<0.001) predicted FSIQ (adjusted R2 =0.64). There was a mean decrease of 2.4 FSIQ points per OMS relapse. INTERPRETATION Number of relapses negatively correlates with FSIQ in pediatric OMS. Demographic and clinical measures available at OMS onset did not predict FSIQ. Strategies to reduce OMS relapses may improve intellectual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sheridan
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kush Kapur
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ferne Pinard
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabienne Dietrich Alber
- Department of Neurology/Neuropsychology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susana Camposano
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Klein
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Bern Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatric, Neurology University Children's Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark P Gorman
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pranzatelli MR, Allison TJ, Tate ED. Effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide, ACTH, and IVIG combination immunotherapy on neuroinflammation in pediatric-onset OMS: A retrospective pilot study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:586-594. [PMID: 29555260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flow cytometric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte subset analysis has improved the diagnosis of neuroinflammation and identified multiple markers of inflammation in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS). The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to analyze the effect of immunotherapy on these markers to determine which agents are disease modifying. METHODS Cross-sectional immunological observations were made in an IRB-approved case-control study, and patients were treated empirically. Ten different CSF lymphocyte subpopulations from 18 children with persistent OMS had been measured by flow cytometry before and after clinical treatment with cyclophosphamide/ACTH/IVIG combination (n = 7) or ACTH/IVIG alone (n = 11). Clinical severity of OMS was scored from videotapes by a blinded observer using the OMS Evaluation Scale. RESULTS Only cyclophosphamide combination therapy (mean dose 26 ± 3 mg/kg or 922 ± 176 mg/m2 x 6 cycles) significantly decreased the percentage of CSF B cells. The mean reduction was 65%, with CSF B cell frequency normalized at 7-8 months in 70%. Other abnormalities of the CSF immunophenotype, such as the low CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, persisted, and there were no therapeutic changes in T cell activation/maturation markers. Effects on relative and absolute size of PBMC subsets were similar. Clinical improvement was 70% and 55% in respective treatment groups. The relapse rates of the two groups did not significantly differ. DISCUSSION The main effect of cyclophosphamide combination therapy on neuroinflammation in OMS was moderate reduction in CSF B cell expansion. Though exploratory, it may provide a steroid sparer option in partially-responsive OMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pranzatelli
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA; National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth D Tate
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA; National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Tate ED, Allison TJ, Pranzatelli MR, Verhulst SJ. Neuroepidemiologic Trends in 105 US Cases of Pediatric Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2016; 22:8-19. [PMID: 15574722 DOI: 10.1177/1043454204272560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare, autoimmune neurological disorder that is poorly recognized and undertreated. Neuroblastoma is found in one half of the cases. Because of the high incidence of spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma, it is unknown whether not finding a tumor means there was none. To define demographic trends and the standard of care in the first large series of OMS, 105 children were recruited over a 13-year period in a retrospective questionnaire survey. Children with and without a tumor differed little in viral-like prodrome and neurological symptoms. Earliest neurological symptoms were staggering and falling, leading to a misdiagnosis of acute cerebellitis. Later symptoms included body jerks, drooling, refusal to walk or sit, speech problems, decreased muscle tone, opsoclonus, and inability to sleep. Tumor resection alone did not provide adequate therapy for most. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prednisone, and intravenous immunoglobulin were used with equal frequency, but ACTH was associated with the best early response. More than one half of the children had relapses. Residual behavioral, language, and cognitive problems occurred in the majority. The delay in diagnosis (11 weeks) and initiation of treatment (17 weeks) is unacceptably long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Tate
- Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, PO Box 19643, Springfield, IL 62794-9643, USA.
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Meena JP, Seth R, Chakrabarty B, Gulati S, Agrawala S, Naranje P. Neuroblastoma presenting as opsoclonus-myoclonus: A series of six cases and review of literature. J Pediatr Neurosci 2016; 11:373-377. [PMID: 28217170 PMCID: PMC5314861 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.199462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS) also called “Kinsbourne syndrome” or “dancing eye syndrome” is a rare but serious disorder characterized by opsoclonus, myoclonus, and ataxia, along with extreme irritability and behavioural changes. Data on its epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome are limited worldwide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of children with OMAS. A retrospective data of all children presented to Pediatric oncology clinic with a diagnosis of opsoclonus-myoclonus from 2013 to 2016 were collected. 6 patients with a diagnosis of OMAS were presented over a 4-year period. All 6 cases had paraneoplastic etiology. All Children had good outcome without any relapse. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus had a good outcome in our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish P Meena
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sheffali Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Agrawala
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Naranje
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mitchell WG, Wooten AA, O'Neil SH, Rodriguez JG, Cruz RE, Wittern R. Effect of Increased Immunosuppression on Developmental Outcome of Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS). J Child Neurol 2015; 30:976-82. [PMID: 25342308 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814549581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) produces long-term cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits. Objective was to see if more aggressive treatment improved outcome. Assessment included opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome rating, developmental/cognitive and motor assessment, and adaptive behavior. Fourteen subjects completed testing. Nine had neuroblastoma. Onset was at 10 to 35 months; onset to diagnosis: 2 days to 14 months, and onset to first treatment: 5 days to 15 months. Initial treatment was corticotropin (12), oral steroids (3), plus intravenous immunoglobulin in all. Ten received rituximab, 5 cyclophosphamide. Age at testing ranged from 2.5 to 10.3 years. Adaptive Behavior Score (11 subjects), mean 93.5; estimated Intelligence Quotient/Developmental Quotient mean 93.5; Motor: mean 92.8. Residual opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome symptoms at the time of the evaluation were generally minor; opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome scores ranged from 0 to 6. Comparison to previously reported opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome subjects showed improved outcomes: Adaptive behavior, cognitive and motor scores were significantly higher (P < .001) in new subjects. Outcomes have improved with more aggressive immunosuppression, with most opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome survivors now functioning at or near normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy G Mitchell
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelia A Wooten
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon H O'Neil
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny G Rodriguez
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosa E Cruz
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachael Wittern
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ben-Pazi H, Jaworowski S, Shalev RS. Cognitive and psychiatric phenotypes of movement disorders in children: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53:1077-84. [PMID: 21950517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The cognitive and psychiatric aspects of adult movement disorders are well established, but specific behavioural profiles for paediatric movement disorders have not been delineated. Knowledge of non-motor phenotypes may guide treatment and determine which symptoms are suggestive of a specific movement disorder and which indicate medication effects. METHOD The goal of this review is to outline the known cognitive and psychiatric symptoms associated with paediatric movement disorders. We used a systematic approach, via PubMed, and reviewed over 400 abstracts of studies of selected disorders, of which 88 papers reporting paediatric non-motor symptoms are summarized. RESULTS Obsessive-compulsive disorder was manifest in children with paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections and Sydenham chorea. Children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome had, for the most part, cognitive and behavioural problems, and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder was reported as a major comorbidity in Tourette syndrome, stereotypies, and restless legs syndrome. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were more frequent in individuals with idiopathic dystonia. Affective disorders were suggestive of Wilson disease. Cognitive decline was common in children with juvenile Huntington disease. A limitation of this review was the lack of systematic assessment in paediatric movement disorders for evaluation and uniform definitions. INTERPRETATION Although the literature in non-motor phenomena is still emerging, recognition of salient cognitive and psychiatric phenomena may facilitate management of paediatric movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Ben-Pazi
- Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Pang KK, de Sousa C, Lang B, Pike MG. A prospective study of the presentation and management of dancing eye syndrome/opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in the United Kingdom. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14:156-61. [PMID: 19423368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence, mode of presentation and management of Dancing Eye Syndrome/Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome (DES/OMS) was prospectively evaluated in 20 United Kingdom (UK) paediatric neurology centres by questionnaire over a 24-month period between 2003 and 2005. Nineteen children were notified, giving an incidence of 0.18 cases per million total population per year. Mean age at presentation was 18 months (range 3-42 months). Fifteen families consented to participate in the study. Atypical features were present in 6/15 cases including very delayed presentation of opsoclonus, dysphagia, and rapid spontaneous improvement without treatment. Only 4/15 cases were associated with neuroblastoma (NB) but current practice in excluding this is diverse and a standardised approach is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ki Pang
- Department of Paediatrics, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Dancing Eye Syndrome associated with spontaneous recovery and normal neurodevelopment. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14:178-81. [PMID: 19541513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five patients with spontaneously recovering Dancing Eye Syndrome/Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome are described. Age at presentation ranged from 4 to 19 months. Four had symptoms of fever and a coryzal illness within days to a few weeks prior to the onset. One of the 4 also had varicella zoster 4 weeks before presentation. All had opsoclonus, myoclonus/ataxia and irritability. Associated infective agents identified were Coxsackie virus and rotavirus. Spontaneous improvement of symptoms started within 9 days of presentation and total duration of illness ranged from 10 to 24 days. Developmental progress at follow-up was normal in all cases. A range of immunomodulatory therapies have been advocated for the treatment of Dancing Eye Syndrome/Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome. However, in some children, early spontaneous recovery may occur, an observation which should be borne in mind when designing therapeutic trials in this condition.
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Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Aarsen FK, van Hemsbergen MLC, van Noesel MM, Hakvoort-Cammel FGAJ, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Improvement of neurological status and quality of life in children with opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome at long-term follow-up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1048-53. [PMID: 19672966 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinsbourne syndrome or opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is characterized by rapid, involuntary, irregular conjugate eye movements (opsoclonus), myoclonic jerking of the limbs and trunk, ataxia, and behavioral disturbances. In general, the outcome of neurologic and behavioral symptoms is poor. Studies on quality of life (Qol) and recovery after very long-term follow-up of children with OMS are lacking. METHODS We studied long-term cancer survival, neurologic recovery, and Qol of a consecutive series of eight patients with OMS that were treated in our center. Two cross-sectional follow-up evaluations were conducted at a 3-year interval (T1 and T2). RESULTS In four out of eight children with OMS a neuroblastoma (NBL) was diagnosed and surgically removed completely. All children received immuno-modulatory therapy, consisting of prednisone (three children), prednisone and ACTH (four children), or prednisone, ACTH, and gammaglobulin (one child). At T1, median follow-up time was 9.5 years (range 3-14 years) after OMS onset and at T2, 11.6 years (range 6-17 years). Neurologic functioning improved in all children, reflected by a significant improvement of the mean Z-score in the motor domain of the Qol questionnaire at T2 as compared to T1. In contrast, seven children continued to have a severe developmental delay at T2. No significant difference in any of the variables was found between NBL survivors and OMS patients without NBL. CONCLUSION Cognitive and behavioral impairments and not a motor impairment, such as ataxia, appear to be predominant at long-term in children with OMS.
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Ohara S, Iijima N, Hayashida K, Oide T, Katai S. Autopsy case of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia and cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1320-4. [PMID: 17534981 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an autopsy case of paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Chemotherapy and lung lobectomy resulted in complete tumor remission and disappearance of myoclonus. However, emotional and behavioral disturbances relapsed and remitted associated with exacerbation of truncal ataxia and ocular flutter, which responded favorably to prednisolone. At autopsy, after 2 years and 11 months of illness, there was no recurrence of cancer. Neuropathologically, only the cerebellum was affected, with diffuse loss of Purkinje cells and dentate neurons, suggesting that the paraneoplastic cerebellar involvement may be responsible for the cognitive affective symptoms in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohara
- Department of Neurology, National Chushin-Matsumoto Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
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Klein A, Schmitt B, Boltshauser E. Long-term outcome of ten children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:359-63. [PMID: 17089089 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) in children is a rare neurological condition with opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia and irritability in the first 2 years of life. It can be idiopathic, parainfectious, or paraneoplastic with tumours of the neural crest. Few studies of long-term follow-up after OMS have been published. We investigated the motor, cognitive and behavioural outcome of ten patients (eight girls and two boys) seen between 1987 and 2002. We reviewed the records and reassessed the patients. A ganglioneuroma was found in one patient and a neuroblastoma in another. Tumour resection did not influence the OMS. The age at diagnosis was 10-24 months and the follow-up period 1-17 years (average 6.5 years). The interval between the first signs and symptoms and starting treatment was 2-12 weeks: treatment consisted of different immunosupressants. Remission was achieved within 5 months in seven, and relapses were present in seven of ten. At follow-up, only one child had mild ataxia. IQ testing was performed in nine with scores below 75 in four and above 85 in four. Attention deficit and visuomotor difficulties led to school problems with special needs, also in those three children with normal IQs. Only two children were attending regular schools. Behavioural problems were reported in seven, and speech difficulties were present in five. In conclusion, the long-term outcome in our patients with OMS was dominated by cognitive and behavioural problems and not by ataxia. Compared with previous reports, our patients were treated earlier. Larger studies and uniform treatment protocols are needed to demonstrate whether early and prolonged immunosupressant therapy has a favourable influence on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Klein
- Department of Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mitchell WG, Brumm VL, Azen CG, Patterson KE, Aller SK, Rodriguez J. Longitudinal neurodevelopmental evaluation of children with opsoclonus-ataxia. Pediatrics 2005; 116:901-7. [PMID: 16199699 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported on children with opsoclonus-ataxia and found pervasive neurodevelopmental deficits, years after onset, without a clear relationship to treatment modality or timing of treatment. A significant negative correlation of functional status with age at testing raised a question of whether opsoclonus-ataxia is a progressive encephalopathy. We attempted to answer this question with serial testing. In addition, we examined the relationship between clinical course and developmental outcome. METHODS Thirteen of 17 children with opsoclonus-ataxia, all with neuroblastoma, who were previously reported were reevaluated a second time 2 to 4 years after the initial assessment. One subject who lived out of state was partially reevaluated and is included. Five new subjects (2 with neuroblastoma and 3 without) were also enrolled. Each was evaluated twice at a minimum interval of 1 year between sessions. Intercurrent medical course was recorded, emphasizing medication and relapse history. Cognitive, adaptive behavior, academic, speech and language, and motor abilities were assessed. RESULTS For the group as a whole, overall standardized, age-adjusted cognitive scores improved. Generally, younger subjects' cognitive and adaptive behavior scores improved more than older subjects. Although all subjects had gains in speech, language, and motor function, some progressed at a slow pace, and in some instances, standard scores dropped. There was a striking influence of clinical course. Although initial presentation was severe and all subjects required high doses of corticosteroids or corticotropin, 5 had a monophasic course and were able to be weaned from treatment without relapses. Fourteen had multiple relapses over the years, generally with reduction of medication or intercurrent illnesses. Of the 5 children with monophasic course, 4 are currently functioning in the average range with a full-scale IQ of > or =90 and age-appropriate academic and adaptive skills. CONCLUSIONS The results continue to raise concern that opsoclonus-ataxia is sometimes a progressive encephalopathy. A minority of children with opsoclonus-ataxia have a monophasic course. Despite initial severity of symptoms, these children may have a more benign prognosis. For the majority of children with opsoclonus-ataxia, the course includes multiple relapses and requires prolonged treatment. Developmental sequelae are significant in these children with chronic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy G Mitchell
- Division of Neurology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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Millichap JG. Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Opsoclonus-Ataxia. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2005. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-19-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Matthay KK, Blaes F, Hero B, Plantaz D, De Alarcon P, Mitchell WG, Pike M, Pistoia V. Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome in neuroblastoma a report from a workshop on the dancing eyes syndrome at the advances in neuroblastoma meeting in Genoa, Italy, 2004. Cancer Lett 2005; 228:275-82. [PMID: 15922508 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurologic syndrome that, in children, associates with neuroblastoma in more than half of the cases. The etiology of this condition is thought to be immune mediated, but, though immunosuppressive therapies may ameliorate the acute symptoms, no effective treatment to prevent the common neuropsychologic sequelae has been established. This paper summarizes the results obtained at the 2004 Advances in Neuroblastoma Research meeting, providing status of the art information on immune pathogenesis, clinical features, acute and chronic neurologic manifestations, current and novel therapeutic approaches. It is emphasized that, due to the rarity of OMS in general and neuroblastoma-associated OMS in particular, international collaborations are needed to better define the pathogenesis and therapy of this disease, propose common evaluation criteria and identify new treatment modalities.
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Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, Travelstead AL, Longee D. Immunologic and clinical responses to rituximab in a child with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Pediatrics 2005; 115:e115-9. [PMID: 15601813 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an autoimmune disorder with serious neurodevelopmental morbidity and limited treatment options. We treated a toddler with moderately severe OMS with rituximab, a monoclonal anti-B cell antibody. The patient's clinical response was documented on videotape and scored with the OMS Evaluation Scale. Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by flow-cytometric immunophenotyping, with a comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies. Eradication of cerebrospinal fluid B cells, which previously were expanded, was associated with dramatic clinical improvement. There also were secondary changes in other lymphocyte subsets that might be relevant to the clinical response and lack of serious infections. In addition to clarifying the immune response to B-cell depletion, these data reveal a promising new therapy for OMS that warrants a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pranzatelli
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9643, USA.
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Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, Kinsbourne M, Caviness VS, Mishra B. Forty-one year follow-up of childhood-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia: cerebellar atrophy, multiphasic relapses, and response to IVIG. Mov Disord 2002; 17:1387-90. [PMID: 12465092 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on an adult with opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome experiencing widely spaced neurological relapses, who was followed for 41 years. His responses to treatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pranzatelli
- The National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA.
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Hayward K, Jeremy RJ, Jenkins S, Barkovich AJ, Gultekin SH, Kramer J, Crittenden M, Matthay KK. Long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in children with neuroblastoma and opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: relationship to MRI findings and anti-neuronal antibodies. J Pediatr 2001; 139:552-9. [PMID: 11598603 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.118200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome affects 2% to 3% of patients with neuroblastoma. This study examined relationships between long-term neurobehavioral outcomes and potential biologic markers of OMA, including chronic changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning and prevalence of late antineuronal antibodies. STUDY DESIGN Children with neuroblastoma and OMA were identified through medical record review of patients treated at the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center from 1979 to 1999. Eleven patients with a mean follow-up time of 7.6 years underwent standard neurologic, neurocognitive, developmental/behavioral, and academic assessments. Consenting patients underwent MRI brain scanning and a blood draw. Sera were analyzed for the presence of antineuronal immunoreactivity. RESULTS Two (18%) patients had no observed neurologic abnormalities, 7 (64%) demonstrated mild deficits, and 2 (18%) had severe neurologic deficits. However, on neurocognitive, behavioral, and academic assessments, 6 (55%) children performed within the average range, 1 (9%) was moderately below average and 4 (36%) had severe cognitive and behavioral deficiencies. Brain MRI in 5 of 5 patients was notable for cerebellar atrophy without supratentorial involvement. Antineuronal activity was detected in sera of 0 of 10 children at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Certain patients with neuroblastoma associated OMA may achieve average-range neurobehavioral function in spite of residual neurologic abnormalities, with suggestion of continued improvement over time. Late cerebellar atrophy appears to be a common finding regardless of neurologic outcome, whereas antineuronal immune reactivity does not appear to be a long-term feature of OMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayward
- Department of Pediatrics, the Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of California San Francisco, USA
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Rudnick E, Khakoo Y, Antunes NL, Seeger RC, Brodeur GM, Shimada H, Gerbing RB, Stram DO, Matthay KK. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in neuroblastoma: clinical outcome and antineuronal antibodies-a report from the Children's Cancer Group Study. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2001; 36:612-22. [PMID: 11344492 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) is a paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome affecting 2-3% of children with neuroblastoma. Although children with OMA and neuroblastoma may have higher survival, many experience a significant amount of late neurologic impairment, which may be immunologically mediated. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of neuroblastoma patients with and without OMA, relating to prognostic factors, treatment, and the presence or absence of anti-neuronal antibodies. PROCEDURE Questionnaires were mailed out requesting information on the current neurologic status of patients who submitted sera at diagnosis to the Children's Cancer Group serum bank from 1980 to 1994. Information was requested on clinical and biological patient characteristics as well as clinical aspects of the patients identified as having OMA syndrome, including presentation and treatment for OMA, late sequelae of OMA, the presence or absence of antineuronal antibodies, and survival. Sera from 16 of the OMA patients and 48 case-controls with neuroblastoma were assayed for anti-neuronal antibodies. RESULTS Of the 675 responses received, 21 patients had OMA. Ninety percent of OMA patients presented with non-metastatic disease, vs. 35% of non-OMA patients. Estimated 3-year survival for the OMA patients with nonmetastatic disease (stage I, II, III) greater than 1 year of age was 100% vs. 77% for similar non-OMA patients (P = 0.0222). At follow-up, 14/19 evaluable OMA patients displayed some form of developmental or neurologic abnormality. There was no significant correlation of late sequelae with antineuronal antibodies, age, time between OMA symptoms and diagnosis, or treatment given for tumor or OMA. There was a significant correlation of late sequelae with lower stage disease (I and II) compared to more advanced disease (III and IV). CONCLUSIONS Patients with OMA and neuroblastoma have excellent survival but a high risk of neurologic sequelae. Favorable disease stage correlates with a higher risk for development of neurologic sequelae. The role of anti-neuronal antibodies in late sequelae of OMA needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rudnick
- Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
While neuroscientists are often involved in the assessment and care of patients with central nervous system tumors, they are only rarely involved in the case of peripheral nervous system neoplasia. Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor of the primitive sympathetic nervous system. It is at once one of the most common and one of the most deadly tumors of childhood. The prognosis for children with this tumor has not changed in the past two decades. Clearly, a fresh approach to neuroblastoma is needed. The neuroscientist has much to add to our understanding and treatment of neuroblastoma and its sequelae. Conversely, neuroblastoma has much to teach us regarding the normal development of the neural crest and the aberrant loss of neurons in this lineage. A neuroscientist's approach to neuroblastoma, its biology and clinical features, is presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Schor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Millichap JG. Cognitive and Speech Deficits with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 1996. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-10-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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