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Effects of rhythmic visual cues on cognitive resources allocation characterized by electroencephalographic (EEG) features during human gait initiation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 753:135828. [PMID: 33781911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic visual cues are beneficial in gait initiation (GI) in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait (FOG), however, the underlying neurophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood. The cognitive control modulated by visual cues during GI has been investigated and considered as a potential factor influencing automatic motor actions, but it is unclear how rhythmic visual cues affect cognitive resources demands during GI. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of rhythmic visual cues on cognitive resources allocation by recording the anticipatory cerebral cortex electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during GI. Twenty healthy participants initiated gait in response to the rhythmic and non-rhythmic visual cues of stimulus presentation. We assessed the contingent negative variation (CNV) of averaged EEG data over 32 electrode positions during GI preparation, the results of which showed that the CNV was induced over prefrontal, frontal, central, and parietal regions in both rhythmic conditions and non-rhythmic conditions. Overall, different visual cues modulated the amplitude of CNV in the early and late stages of the GI preparation. Compared with the non-rhythmic condition, the CNV amplitude was lower in rhythmic condition over displayed regions precede the GI onset. In the late stage of GI preparation, it showed significant differences between the two conditions in prefrontal, frontal, and central regions, and the amplitude of CNV was lower under rhythmic condition. More to the point, the differences were more obvious in the late stage of GI preparation between the two conditions, which was closely associated with the cognitive resources. Therefore, the results indicate that less cognitive resources allocation is required to trigger GI under rhythmic visual cues compared with non-rhythmic visual cues. This study may provide a new insight into why rhythmic visual cues are more effective in improving GI ability compared to non-rhythmic visual cues.
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Bolt NK, Loehr JD. The motor-related brain activity that supports joint action: A review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 212:103218. [PMID: 33307297 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rapid increase in research investigating the motor-related brain activity that supports joint action. This research has employed a variety of joint action tasks and an array of neuroimaging techniques, including fMRI, fNIRS, EEG, and TMS. In this review, we provide an overview of this research to delineate what is known about the motor-related brain activity that contributes to joint action and to highlight key questions for future research. Taken together, the surveyed research supports three major conclusions. First, the mere presence of a joint action context is sufficient to modulate motor activity elicited by observing others' actions. Second, joint action is supported by dissociable motor activity associated with a person's own actions, their partner's actions, and the joint action, and by between-brain coupling of motor-related oscillatory activity. Third, the structure of a joint action modulates the motor activity involved: Unique motor activity is associated with performing joint actions comprised of complementary actions and with holding the roles of leader and follower within a joint action. We conclude the review by highlighting overarching themes and key questions for future research.
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Chen L, Mao Y, Ding M, Li L, Leng Y, Zhao J, Xu Z, Huang DF, Lo WLA. Assessing the Relationship Between Motor Anticipation and Cortical Excitability in Subacute Stroke Patients With Movement-Related Potentials. Front Neurol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 30386292 PMCID: PMC6199379 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors may lack the cognitive ability to anticipate the required control for palmar grasp execution. The cortical mechanisms involved in motor anticipation of palmar grasp movement and its association with post-stroke hand function remains unknown. Aims: To investigate the cognitive anticipation process during a palmar grasp task in subacute stroke survivors and to compare with healthy individuals. The association between cortical excitability and hand function was also explored. Methods: Twenty-five participants with hemiparesis within 1-6 months after first unilateral stroke were recruited. Twenty-five matched healthy individuals were recruited as control. Contingent negative variation (CNV) was measured using electroencephalography recordings (EEG). Event related potentials were elicited by cue triggered hand movement paradigm. CNV onset time and amplitude between pre-cue and before movement execution were recorded. Results: The differences in CNV onset time and peak amplitude were statistically significant between the subacute stroke and control groups, with patients showing earlier onset time with increased amplitudes. However, there was no statistically significant difference in CNV onset time and peak amplitude between lesioned and non-lesioned hemisphere in the subacute stroke group. Low to moderate linear associations were observed between cortical excitability and hand function. Conclusions: The earlier CNV onset time and higher peak amplitude observed in the subacute stroke group suggest increased brain computational demand during palmar grasp task. The lack of difference in CNV amplitude between the lesioned and non-lesioned hemisphere within the subacute stroke group may suggest that the non-lesioned hemisphere plays a role in the motor anticipatory process. The moderate correlations suggested that hand function may be associated with cortical processing of motor anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Secondary Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Vibrotactile cuing revisited to reveal a possible challenge to sensorimotor adaptation. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:3523-3530. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Preparatory postural adjustments during gait initiation in healthy younger and older adults: Neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects. Brain Res 2015; 1629:240-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vidal F, Meckler C, Hasbroucq T. Basics for sensorimotor information processing: some implications for learning. Front Psychol 2015; 6:33. [PMID: 25762944 PMCID: PMC4329794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In sensorimotor activities, learning requires efficient information processing, whether in car driving, sport activities or human-machine interactions. Several factors may affect the efficiency of such processing: they may be extrinsic (i.e., task-related) or intrinsic (i.e., subjects-related). The effects of these factors are intimately related to the structure of human information processing. In the present article we will focus on some of them, which are poorly taken into account, even when minimizing errors or their consequences is an essential issue at stake. Among the extrinsic factors, we will discuss, first, the effects of the quantity and quality of information, secondly, the effects of instruction and thirdly motor program learning. Among the intrinsic factors, we will discuss first the influence of prior information, secondly how individual strategies affect performance and, thirdly, we will stress the fact that although the human brain is not structured to function errorless (which is not new) humans are able to detect their errors very quickly and (in most of the cases), fast enough to correct them before they result in an overt failure. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors are important to take into account for learning because (1) they strongly affect performance, either in terms of speed or accuracy, which facilitates or impairs learning, (2) the effect of certain extrinsic factors may be strongly modified by learning and (3) certain intrinsic factors might be exploited for learning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Faculté des Sciences, Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Meckler
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées–Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique OpérationnelleToulon, France
| | - Thierry Hasbroucq
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Faculté des Sciences, Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Marseille, France
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Kourtis D, Knoblich G, Woźniak M, Sebanz N. Attention Allocation and Task Representation during Joint Action Planning. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2275-86. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated whether people take into account an interaction partner's attentional focus and whether they represent in advance their partner's part of the task when planning to engage in a synchronous joint action. The experiment involved two participants planning and performing joint actions (i.e., synchronously lifting and clinking glasses), unimanual individual actions (i.e., lifting and moving a glass as if clinking with another person), and bimanual individual actions. EEG was recorded from one of the participants. We employed a choice reaction paradigm where a visual cue indicated the type of action to be planned, followed 1.5 sec later by a visual go stimulus, prompting the participants to act. We studied attention allocation processes by examining two lateralized EEG components, namely the anterior directing attention negativity and the late directing attention positivity. Action planning processes were examined using the late contingent negative variation and the movement-related potential. The results show that early stages of joint action planning involve dividing attention between locations in space relevant for one's own part of the joint action and locations relevant for one's partner's part of the joint action. At later stages of joint action planning, participants represented in advance their partner's upcoming action in addition to their own action, although not at an effector-specific level. Our study provides electrophysiological evidence supporting the operation of attention sharing processes and predictive self/other action representation during the planning phase of a synchronous joint task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kourtis
- 1Ghent University
- 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Günther Knoblich
- 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- 3Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Natalie Sebanz
- 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- 3Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
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Nasseroleslami B, Lakany H, Conway BA. EEG signatures of arm isometric exertions in preparation, planning and execution. Neuroimage 2013; 90:1-14. [PMID: 24355482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity patterns in humans during motor behaviour provide insight into normal motor control processes and for diagnostic and rehabilitation applications. While the patterns preceding brisk voluntary movements, and especially movement execution, are well described, there are few EEG studies that address the cortical activation patterns seen in isometric exertions and their planning. In this paper, we report on time and time-frequency EEG signatures in experiments in normal subjects (n=8), using multichannel EEG during motor preparation, planning and execution of directional centre-out arm isometric exertions performed at the wrist in the horizontal plane, in response to instruction-delay visual cues. Our observations suggest that isometric force exertions are accompanied by transient and sustained event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related (de-)synchronisations (ERD/ERS), comparable to those of a movement task. Furthermore, the ERPs and ERD/ERS are also observed during preparation and planning of the isometric task. Comparison of ear-lobe-referenced and surface Laplacian ERPs indicates the contribution of superficial sources in supplementary and pre-motor (FC(z)), parietal (CP(z)) and primary motor cortical areas (C₁ and FC₁) to ERPs (primarily negative peaks in frontal and positive peaks in parietal areas), but contribution of deep sources to sustained time-domain potentials (negativity in planning and positivity in execution). Transient and sustained ERD patterns in μ and β frequency bands of ear-lobe-referenced and surface Laplacian EEG indicate the contribution of both superficial and deep sources to ERD/ERS. As no physical displacement happens during the task, we can infer that the underlying mechanisms of motor-related ERPs and ERD/ERS patterns do not only depend on change in limb coordinate or muscle-length-dependent ascending sensory information and are primary generated by motor preparation, direction-dependent planning and execution of isometric motor tasks. The results contribute to our understanding of the functions of different brain regions during voluntary motor tasks and their activity signatures in EEG can shed light on the relationships between large-scale recordings such as EEG and other recordings such as single unit activity and fMRI in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Nasseroleslami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
| | - Heba Lakany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
| | - Bernard A Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
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De Sanctis T, Tarantino V, Straulino E, Begliomini C, Castiello U. Co-registering kinematics and evoked related potentials during visually guided reach-to-grasp movements. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65508. [PMID: 23755241 PMCID: PMC3670879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In non-human primates grasp-related sensorimotor transformations are accomplished in a circuit involving the anterior intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and both the ventral and the dorsal sectors of the premotor cortex (vPMC and dPMC, respectively). Although a human homologue of such a circuit has been identified, the time course of activation of these cortical areas and how such activity relates to specific kinematic events has yet to be investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings We combined kinematic and event-related potential techniques to explicitly test how activity within human grasping-related brain areas is modulated in time. Subjects were requested to reach towards and grasp either a small stimulus using a precision grip (i.e., the opposition of index finger and thumb) or a large stimulus using a whole hand grasp (i.e., the flexion of all digits around the stimulus). Results revealed a time course of activation starting at the level of parietal regions and continuing at the level of premotor regions. More specifically, we show that activity within these regions was tuned for specific grasps well before movement onset and this early tuning was carried over - as evidenced by kinematic analysis - during the preshaping period of the task. Conclusions/Significance Data are discussed in terms of recent findings showing a marked differentiation across different grasps during premovement phases which was carried over into subsequent movement phases. These findings offer a substantial contribution to the current debate about the nature of the sensorimotor transformations underlying grasping. And provide new insights into the detailed movement information contained in the human preparatory activity for specific hand movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Straulino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
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10
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Kourtis D, Knoblich G, Sebanz N. History of interaction and task distribution modulate action simulation. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Kourtis D, Sebanz N, Knoblich G. Predictive representation of other people's actions in joint action planning: An EEG study. Soc Neurosci 2013; 8:31-42. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2012.694823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Dean PJA, Seiss E, Sterr A. Motor planning in chronic upper-limb hemiparesis: evidence from movement-related potentials. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44558. [PMID: 23049676 PMCID: PMC3462178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hemiplegia is a common long-term consequence of stroke, and subsequent motor recovery is often incomplete. Neurophysiological studies have focused on motor execution deficits in relatively high functioning patients. Much less is known about the influence exerted by processes related to motor preparation, particularly in patients with poor motor recovery. Methodology/Principal Findings The current study investigates motor preparation using a modified response-priming experiment in a large sample of patients (n = 50) with moderate-to-severe chronic hemiparesis. The behavioural results revealed that hemiparetic patients had an increased response-priming effect compared to controls, but that their response times were markedly slower for both hands. Patients also demonstrated significantly enhanced midline late contingent negative variation (CNV) during paretic hand preparation, despite the absence of overall group differences when compared to controls. Furthermore, increased amplitude of the midline CNV correlated with a greater response-priming effect. We propose that these changes might reflect greater anticipated effort to respond in patients, and consequently that advance cueing of motor responses may be of benefit in these individuals. We further observed significantly reduced CNV amplitudes over the lesioned hemisphere in hemiparetic patients compared to controls during non-paretic hand preparation, preparation of both hands and no hand preparation. Two potential explanations for these CNV reductions are discussed: alterations in anticipatory attention or state changes in motor processing, for example an imbalance in inter-hemispheric inhibition. Conclusions/Significance Overall, this study provides evidence that movement preparation could play a crucial role in hemiparetic motor deficits, and that advance motor cueing may be of benefit in future therapeutic interventions. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of monitoring both the non-paretic and paretic hand after stroke and during therapeutic intervention.
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Picton L, Saunders B, Jentzsch I. "I will fix only my own mistakes": an ERP study investigating error processing in a joint choice-RT task. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:777-85. [PMID: 22269931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated error monitoring and subsequent control adjustments in a joint choice RT task. External feedback relating to the combined performance of both actors was provided. Participants slowed down only after their own but not after the co-actor's mistakes. In order to investigate the neural correlates of interpersonal error monitoring, ERPs associated with error processing (Ne/ERN, Pe) and feedback-related processing (FRN, f-P300) were analysed. The Ne/ERN and Pe were only affected by own but not the co-actor's actions. Conversely, at the feedback stage both the FRN and the f-P300 were larger when external feedback indicated a co-actor's error, yet despite this finding, co-actor errors did not affect the actor's subsequent performance. These findings are in line with previous research suggesting that we monitor not only our own but also others' errors. Importantly, however, monitoring others' performance seems insufficient to trigger subsequent behavioural adjustment in the form of post-error slowing, but might only occur when a surprising outcome is evaluated as negative.
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Masaki H, Sommer W. Cognitive neuroscience of motor learning and motor control. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Frömer R, Hafner V, Sommer W. Aiming for the bull's eye: Preparing for throwing investigated with event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:335-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Frömer
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - Verena Hafner
- Department of Computer Science; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin; Germany
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Zaepffel M, Brochier T. Planning of visually guided reach‐to‐grasp movements: Inference from reaction time and contingent negative variation (CNV). Psychophysiology 2011; 49:17-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zaepffel
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives de la Méditerranée, UMR 6193, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives de la Méditerranée, UMR 6193, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Leuthold H, Schröter H. Motor programming of finger sequences of different complexity. Biol Psychol 2011; 86:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leuthold H, Jentzsch I. Are temporal response features prepared in fixed order? Inferences from movement-related potentials. Psychophysiology 2010; 48:633-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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