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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Rodriguez PE, Maggio B, Cumar FA. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the internal sialic acid residue in native and chemically modified ganglioside GM1. J Lipid Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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4
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Perillo MA, Yu RK, Maggio B. Modulation of the activity of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase by the molecular organization of gangliosides in monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1193:155-64. [PMID: 8038186 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase against gangliosides GM3, GD1a and GM1 was studied in lipid monolayers at the air-buffer solution interface. The enzyme activity assay against pure ganglioside monolayers is based on the markedly different molecular packing areas of the substrate gangliosides and the resulting product glycosphingolipids. This allows to control and monitor the surface pressure and the ganglioside intermolecular organization (cross-sectional packing areas and dipole potentials) in a continuous manner during the catalytic process. It was found that the rate and the extent of the enzymatic reaction depended markedly on the lateral surface pressure. In general, the activity of neuraminidase against GM3 and GD1a was higher at lower surface pressure. This corresponded to larger intermolecular spacings among the ganglioside molecules. Both the activity and the extent of the reaction against GM3 were higher than toward GD1a. GM1 could not be degraded by the enzyme, irrespective of the surface pressure but the enzyme could interact with this ganglioside. A latency period, longer for GM3 than for GD1a, was observed prior to the onset of rapid degradation; this indicates that pre-catalytic steps are occurring at the interface before effective ganglioside degradation takes place. The latency period, the total amount of ganglioside degraded, and the velocity of the reaction varied with the surface pressure in different manners. Our data indicate that the different steps of the catalytic reaction occurring at the surface (i.e., substrate recognition and interfacial adsorption, catalysis, maximum extent of substrate conversion) are independently regulated by the molecular organization of the substrate gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Perillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV Station, Richmond 23298-0614
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Expression and regulation of UDP-glucuronate: neolactotetraosylceramide glucuronyltransferase in the nervous system. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Trinchera M, Pirovano B, Ghidoni R. Sub-Golgi distribution in rat liver of CMP-NeuAc GM3- and CMP-NeuAc:GT1b alpha 2—-8sialyltransferases and comparison with the distribution of the other glycosyltransferase activities involved in ganglioside biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Rodriguez PE, Cumar FA. Gangliosides noncovalently bound to DEAE-Sephadex: application to purification of anti-ganglioside antibodies. Anal Biochem 1990; 188:48-52. [PMID: 2221368 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90526-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, effective, and inexpensive method for the purification of ligands having high affinity for gangliosides has been developed. DEAE-Sephadex has a high capacity for binding gangliosides (approx 1/1.6, w/w). The gangliosides, bound to the support by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, showed a high resistance, in an aqueous environment, to being detached by eluants commonly employed to desorb ligands (i.e., low or high pH or chaotropic agent solutions) or by nonionic detergent solutions as well as by organic solvents. The DEAE-Sephadex-ganglioside complex was assayed as an immunoadsorbent for purifying anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies from serum of an immunized rabbit. The specific activity of the purified antibodies was 200- to 400-fold higher, and the recovery of the anti-ganglioside activity was above 50%, with respect to the untreated antiserum. The preparation of the complex and the purification of the antibodies can be done in less than 5 h. The glycolipids from the complex can be recovered by elution with organic solvents containing salt or volatile base solutions, and reused. In principle, this method can be adapted for other anionic amphipathic receptor molecules to purify ligands which bind to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Rodriguez
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, CIQUIBIC, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina
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8
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Kielczyski W, Harrison LC. Detection of gangliosides by direct binding ofLimax flavus agglutinin to thin layer chromotograms. Glycoconj J 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Identification of α-Galactose (α-Fucose)-asialo-GM1 Glycolipid Expressed by Subsets of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Müthing J, Mühlradt PF. Detection of gangliosides of the GM1b type on high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates by immunostaining after neuraminidase treatment. Anal Biochem 1988; 173:10-7. [PMID: 3263817 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for the detection of GM1b-type gangliosides in complex mixtures of gangliosides was developed. The procedure involves separation of gangliosides on high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates, fixation of the silica gel, treatment with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae in the absence of detergent, and incubation of the plates with GgOse4Cer-specific antibodies. Alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibodies are used to visualize bound first antibodies by generating a blue dye from 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate. The procedure is capable of detecting as little as 30 ng of gangliosides. Gangliosides from murine T lymphocytes and from human brain served as examples. Besides GM1b, GD1 alpha is also detectable by this method, whereas the human brain gangliosides GM1a, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b are not, because they are neuraminidase resistant. Since terminally sialylated gangliosides such as GM1b were described as virus receptors, and certain other terminally sialylated gangliosides are discussed as tumor markers, this method should be useful to screen gangliosides from different tissues or cell lines for the presence of such components, especially if only small amounts of material are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müthing
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
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Li SC, Sonnino S, Tettamanti G, Li YT. Characterization of a nonspecific activator protein for the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycolipids. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Sugii S, Tsuji T, Honda T, Miwatani T. Hemagglutinating activity of the B subunit(s) of the heat-labile enterotoxin isolated from human enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Sugii S, Tsuji T, Honda T, Miwatani T. Hemagglutinating activity of the heat-labile enterotoxin isolated from porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ando I, Hoon DB, Golub SH, Irie RF, Pattengale PK. Ganglioside gm2 as a target structure recognized by human natural killer cells. J Clin Lab Anal 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1860010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Fukuda MN, Bothner B, Lloyd KO, Rettig WJ, Tiller PR, Dell A. Structures of glycosphingolipids isolated from human embryonal carcinoma cells. The presence of mono- and disialosyl glycolipids with blood group type 1 sequence. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)89226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Yoshio H, Keiko K, Hideyoshi H, Yasuo S, Makoto M, Mamoru S, Tomoya O. Sensitive enzyme-immunostaining and densitometric determination of ganglio-series gangliosides on thin-layer plate: pmol detection of gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(86)90333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Tai T, Cahan LD, Tsuchida T, Saxton RE, Irie RF, Morton DL. Immunogenicity of melanoma-associated gangliosides in cancer patients. Int J Cancer 1985; 35:607-12. [PMID: 3997282 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910350507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of gangliosides found on human melanoma cells was determined from sera of 26 melanoma patients who were immunized every 1-4 weeks for 4 months with tumor-cell vaccine (TCV) prepared from cultured melanoma cells. Total lipid-bound sialic acid in the gangliosides isolated from TCV was 0.38 mumol/10(8) cells, and was distributed as follows: 44.8% to GM3, 44.2% to GD3, 5.6% to GM2, and 4.6% to GD2. Sera were tested at monthly intervals for antibodies to each ganglioside by ELISA with purified gangliosides as the antigen source. The immunologic specificity of the antibody was confirmed by absorption tests. None of the 26 patients had detectable anti-GM3, anti-GD3, or anti-GD2 antibodies before immunization, although anti-GM2 antibody was detected in 3 patients. After immunization, 2 patients developed IgM anti-GD2, 10 developed IgM anti-GM2, and 2 developed IgG anti-GM2 antibodies. No patient developed detectable anti-GM3 or anti-GD3 antibodies. These results indicate that both GD2 and GM2 expressed on human melanoma cells are immunogenic in humans, although GM2 appears to be more immunogenic. The other two gangliosides, GM3 and GD3, are present in human sera and in human normal tissues, and thus immunologic tolerance may have been established against these gangliosides. Alternatively, circulating GM3 and GD3 may have neutralized anti-GM3 and anti-GD3 antibodies, if any were induced by TCV immunization.
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Abstract
An abnormal circulating ganglioside was found in patients with neuroblastoma. This ganglioside appeared as a single band by resorcinol-HCl staining of thin-layer chromatograms of purified total gangliosides isolated from as little as 1 ml of patient plasma. It is a major ganglioside of neuroblastoma tumour tissue and was present (250-1500 pmol lipid-bound sialic acid/ml) in the plasma of five patients with widespread neuroblastoma. In contrast, the ganglioside was not detected (less than 50 pmol/ml) in plasma samples of six patients in complete remission, nor in plasma samples of seventeen healthy children and adults. Measurement of this circulating tumour-associated ganglioside should be clinically useful in neuroblastoma, offering a new approach to the detection of tumour and the evaluation of therapy.
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Westrick MA, Lee WM, Goff B, Macher BA. Gangliosides of human acute leukemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 750:141-8. [PMID: 6572071 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(83)90213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the gangliosides from cells of eight patients with different forms of acute leukemia (four lymphoblastic, four nonlymphoblastic) by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with glycosidase treatment. Our analysis indicated both quantitative and qualitative differences between the gangliosides of acute leukemia and those of normal leukocytes: 1, the absolute amount of ganglioside was decreased in the acute leukemia cells; 2, in general, acute leukemias had a more simplified ganglioside pattern in that they contained a greater proportion of the short-chain ganglioside, II3NeuAc-LacCer (GM#); 3, all of the acute leukemia cells contained reduced quantities of the ganglioside N-acetylneuraminosyl-lactotriaosylceramide, a compound previously found only in normal leukocytes; and 4, a disialylated ganglioside, II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer (GD3), which is not found in normal leukocytes, was isolated from the cells of one patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. These findings demonstrate important differences between the gangliosides of acute leukemia cells and normal leukocytes.
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Yohe HC, Jacobson RI, Yu RK. Ganglioside-basic protein interaction: protection of gangliosides against neuraminidase action. J Neurosci Res 1983; 9:401-12. [PMID: 6192246 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of acidic phospho- and sphingolipids to interact with basic proteins was studied by double diffusion analysis. The phospholipids, tri- and diphosphoinositide, and the sphingolipid, sulfatide, interacted with myelin basic protein as evidenced by precipitin line formation. Of the sialoglycosphingolipids (gangliosides) tested, only the myelin-specific monosialoganglioside, GM4, formed a precipitin line with myelin basic protein. In addition, myelin basic protein retarded the activity of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase against GM4 and the disialoganglioside, GD1b. Examination of purified rat brain myelin suggested the presence of a neuraminidase activity intrinsic to myelin. This finding, in concert with ganglioside-myelin basic protein complexes which selectively protect against neuraminidase, may provide a physiological explanation for the simplified ganglioside pattern found in myelin.
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Cahan LD, Irie RF, Singh R, Cassidenti A, Paulson JC. Identification of a human neuroectodermal tumor antigen (OFA-I-2) as ganglioside GD2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:7629-33. [PMID: 6296843 PMCID: PMC347401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.24.7629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two monospecific human antibodies (anti-OFA-I-1 and anti-OFA-I-2) produced in vitro by lymphoblast cell lines originating from melanoma patients have been shown previously to recognize cell surface antigens (OFA-I-1 and OFA-I-2) on human tumors and fetal brain: OFA-I-1 is expressed on a variety of human tumors, while OFA-I-2 has been detected only on tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Evidence presented in this report suggests that the two antigens expressed by a cultured human melanoma cell line (M14) are chemically distinct and that OFA-I-2 is a cell surface glycolipid, ganglioside GD2: GalNAc beta 1 leads to 4 NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3 Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc-ceramide.
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Nudelman E, Hakomori S, Kannagi R, Levery S, Yeh MY, Hellström KE, Hellström I. Characterization of a human melanoma-associated ganglioside antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody, 4.2. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lee WM, Westrick MA, Klock JC, Macher BA. Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids from human leukocytes. A unique glycosphingolipid pattern in a case of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 711:166-75. [PMID: 6950793 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides were isolated from the malignant cells of a patient with acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. Structural analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography and by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosphingolipids using glycosidases. We found that, in contrast to normal leukocytes and chronic leukemia cells which have only a single tetraosylceramide species, these acute myelomonoblastic leukemia cells have approximately equal amounts of both globo- and neolactotetraosylceramide. This is the first population of human leukocytes in which we found two families of neutral glycosphingolipids to be present. The ganglioside fraction was composed of appreciable quantities of both NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer (GM3, hematoside) and NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer (sialoparagloboside). These cells did not have the 'leukocyte-specific' N-acetylneuraminosyllactotriaosylceramide found in normal human lymphocytes and neutrophils. These results are discussed in relation to normal leukocyte differentiation and acute leukemia. The present study also illustrates the usefulness of combining enzymatic degradation with high-performance liquid chromatography for glycosphingolipid structural determination.
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Inoue S, Iwasaki M, Matsumura G. Novel carbohydrate structures in trout egg glycoprotein: occurrence of a neuraminidase-resistant N-glycolylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 3)-N-acetylgalactosamine linkage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 102:1295-301. [PMID: 7198442 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(81)80152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Matsumoto M, Taki T, Samuelsson B, Pascher I, Hirabayashi Y, Li S, Li Y. Further characterization of the structure of GM1b ganglioside from rat ascites hepatoma. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Rathjen FG, Gierer A. Cholera-toxin binding to cells of developing chick retina analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Brain Res 1981; 227:539-49. [PMID: 7260658 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(81)90007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of gangliosides on nerve cells of the developing retina was studied by fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting, using fluorescent cholera toxin as marker. This toxin binds to GM1; neuraminidase converts several other gangliosides into GM1. Without pretreatment by this enzyme weak binding of toxin is detected at later stages of development, whereas pretreatment leads to considerable toxin binding at earlier stages. The number of cells binding toxin as well as the amount bound per cell increase with developmental age of the retina. Cells binding a given amount of toxin vary strongly in size. Cell sorting was used to separate postmitotic cells from proliferating cells. Proliferating cells have little binding capacity, while postmitotic cells bind relatively large amounts of toxin. Localization of gangliosides which bind toxin in the developing retina was studied in cryostat sections. At an early stage (day 6) toxin binding is localized in the inner layer of the developing retina which contains the ganglion and other postmitotic cells, but is not found in the outer layer of matrix cells. At later stages complex staining patterns evolve with binding predominantly in the nerve fiber layers.
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Yip MC, Moodnik RR, Borden BG. Monosialoganglioside, GM1a, in human radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. J Endod 1981; 7:75-9. [PMID: 6938625 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(81)80246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Macher B, Klock J, Fukuda M, Fukuda M. Isolation and structural characterization of human lymphocyte and neutrophil gangliosides. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gatt S, Gazit B, Barenholz Y. Effect of bile salts on the hydrolysis of gangliosides, glycoproteins and neuraminyl-lactose by the neuraminidase of Clostridium perfringens. Biochem J 1981; 193:267-73. [PMID: 6272704 PMCID: PMC1162599 DOI: 10.1042/bj1930267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies were done on the effect of bile salts on the rates of hydrolysis of the N-acetylneuraminyl linkages of several sialic acid-containing compounds by the neuraminidase of Clostridium perfringens. When GM3-ganglioside, two glycolipids (glycophorin and orosomucoid) and neuraminyl-lactose were used as substrates, hydrolysis was obtained even in the absence of bile salts, but addition of this detergent, below its critical micellar concentration, increased the reaction rates; above the critical micellar concentration of the detergent rates decreased again. When a second ganglioside, GM1, was used as substrate, the requirement for bile salts was absolute; hydrolysis was not observed at all without this detergent. With increasing concentrations of bile salt and in the presence of high concentrations of enzyme, rates of hydrolysis increased, reaching maximal values at fixed ratios of bile salt to GM1-ganglioside. Physical measurements showed that mixtures of bile salt and GM1-ganglioside form mixed micelles that have a higher critical micellar concentration, a lower molecular weight and greater axial ratio than the corresponding micelles of pure GM1-ganglioside.
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Yasuo S, Tsuneyuki M, Makoto M. Action of ortho- and paramyxovirus neuraminidase on gangliosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wenger DA, Sattler M, Mueller OT, Myers GG, Schneiman RS, Nixon GW. Adult GM1 gangliosidosis: clinical and biochemical studies on two patients and comparison to other patients called variant or adult GM1 gangliosidosis. Clin Genet 1980; 17:323-34. [PMID: 6777095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1980.tb00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two young adult siblings were diagnosed as having a deficiency of acid beta-galactosidase activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts. The parents had enzyme levels approximately half of the normal level, consistent with this being the primary enzymatic lesion. Sialidose activities measured with natural and synthetic substrates in the patient's skin fibroblast cultures were normal. Hybridization of one of these patient's cells with cells from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis, Type 1 did not show complementation of beta-galactosidase activity. However, when the cells from the patient were hybridized with cells from a patient with combined sialidase and beta-galactosidase deficiency, complementation was observed. These two siblings have ataxia, mild intellectual deterioration, slurred speech, mild vertebral changes and little, if any, visceromegaly. They do not have myoclonus, seizures or cherry-red spots, which are found in most patients with combined sialidase and beta-galactosidase deficiency. These patients are discussed with regard to other patients in the literature called variant or adult GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Li YT, King MJ, Li SC. Enzymic degradation of gangliosides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 125:93-104. [PMID: 7361629 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7844-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Schauer R, Veh RW, Sander M, Corfield AP, Wiegandt H. “Neuraminidase-Resistant” Sialic Acid Residues of Gangliosides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7844-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gatt S, Gazit B, Cestaro B, Barenholz Y. Hydrolysis of gangliosides in micellar and liposomal dispersion by bacterial neuraminidases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 125:137-46. [PMID: 6244720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7844-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of pure gangliosides contain micelles of these compounds. In this dispersion state, the rates of hydrolysis of the neuraminyl residues by bacterial neuraminidases are slowest. Incorporation of gangliosides into mixed dispersion with other lipids or into mixed micelles with bile salts considerably increases the reaction rates. The greatest reaction rates are obtained when di- or trisialogangliosides are incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of lecithin or sphingomyelin.
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Rapport MM, Graf L, Huang YL, Brunner W, Yu RK. Antibodies to total brain gangliosides: titer and specificity of antisera. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 125:327-34. [PMID: 6153856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7844-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Van Dessel G, Lagrou A, Hilderson H, Dierick W, Lauwers W. Structure of the major gangliosides from bovine thyroid. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Saito M, Sugano K, Nagai Y. Action of Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase on sialoglycolipid substrates. Mode of action and highly specific recognition of the oligosaccharide moiety of ganglioside GM1. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)36024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rauvala H. Monomer-micelle transition of the ganglioside GM1 and the hydrolysis by Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 97:555-64. [PMID: 467431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The action of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on the ganglioside Gm1 tritiated in the ceramide moiety was studied. The rates of hydrolysis of the Gm1 ganglioside were determined from radioactivity in the neutral glycolipid product, which was separated from the substrate on DEAE-Sephadex columns. In order to study the physical state of the substrate in the conditions used in the neuraminidase treatment, the critical micelle concentrations of the Gm1 ganglioside were determined using formation of the triiodide anion in aqueous iodine solution as an indicator. The critical micelle concentrations were also obtained by determining the non-sedimenting radioactivity at different concentrations of the labeled ganglioside per total volume used in ultracentrifugation experiments. In addition, the concentrations of the monomeric ganglioside were concluded from the results of the ultra-centrifugation studies. The increase in the reaction rate of the Gm1 hydrolysis as the function of the substrate concentration was leveled off at 25-28 microM ganglioside. The abrupt change at this concentration is interpreted as reflecting the monomer-micelle transition of the ganglioside in the conditions used (50mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.6). The critical micelle concentration was 29 microM on the basis of the triiodide test, and ultracentrifugation revealed the critical micelle concentration 28 microM. The reaction velocity of the hydrolysis was decreased immediately above the critical micelle concentration, and became constant at higher concentrations of the ganglioside. A close correlation to these changes in the reaction rate is suggested to exist in the concentrations of the monomeric Gm1 ganglioside. Saturation of the buffer used in the neuraminidase assays with butanol effected a striking change in the plot of reaction rate versus ganglioside concentration. The reaction rate increased up to 100-110 microM Gm1 ganglioside. The shift of the inflexion point in the rate plot from 25-28 microM to 100-110 microM ganglioside concentration is suggested to be due to a respective change in the critical micelle concentration effected by butanol. N-Acetylneuraminyllactosyl ceramide, lactosyl ceramide and asialo-Gm1 ganglioside had an inhibitory effect on the reaction. In contrast, N-acetylneuraminyllactose, lactose and some other free saccharides were not inhibitory. The results demonstrate that factors other than the saccharide structure must be taken into account when substrate specificity of a glycosidase is studied using competition experiments. It is suggested that the inhibition effected by the glycolipids is due to an increase in the micellar state of the Gm1 ganglioside.
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Feizi T, Childs RA, Hakomori SI, Powell ME. Blood-group-Ii-active gangliosides of human erythrocyte membranes. Biochem J 1978; 173:245-54. [PMID: 687369 PMCID: PMC1185768 DOI: 10.1042/bj1730245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than ten new types of gangliosides, in addition to haematoside and sialosylparagloboside, were isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. These were separated by successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex, on porous silica-gel columns and on thin-layer silica gel as acetylated compounds. Highly potent blood-group-Ii and moderate blood-group-H activities were demonstrated in some of the ganglioside fractions. The gangliosides incorporated into cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine liposomes stoicheiometrically inhibited binding of anti-(blood-group I and i) antibodies to a radioiodinated blood-group-Ii-active glycoprotein. The fraction with the highest blood-group-I-activity, I(g) fraction, behaved like sialosyl-deca- to -dodeca-glycosylceramides on t.l.c. Certain blood-group-I and most of the -i determinants were in partially or completely cryptic form and could be unmasked by sialidase treatment. Thus the I and i antigens, which are known to occur on internal structures of blood-group-ABH-active glycoproteins in secretions, also occur in the interior of the carbohydrate chains of erythrocyte gangliosides.
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Ledeen RW. Ganglioside structures and distribution: are they localized at the nerve ending? JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1978; 8:1-17. [PMID: 366282 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides generally provide a small portion of the complex carbohydrate content of cell surfaces. An exception is the central nervous system where they comprise up to 5--10% of the total lipid of some membranes. This tissue is unique in that the quantity of lipid-bound sialic acid exceeds that of the protein-bound fraction. Over 30 different molecular species have been characterized to date. These range in complexity from sialosylgalactosyl ceramide with 2 sugars to the pentasialoganglioside of fish brain with 9 carbohydrate units. Virtually all cellular and subcellular fractions of brain that have been carefully examined contain gangliosides to one degree or another, but the majority of brain ganglioside is located in the neurons. Their mode of distribution within the neuron has not been entirely clarified by subcellular studies. Calculations based on reported values for axon terminal density and synaptosomal ganglioside concentration in the rat reveal that nerve endings contribute less than 12% of total cerebral cortical ganglioside. It is concluded that the plasma membranes of neuronal processes contain most of the neuronal ganglioside. These and other considerations suggest the possibility that gangliosides may be distributed over the entire neuronal surface.
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Tettamanti G, Cestaro B, Venerando B, Preti A. Neuraminidase gangliosides interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1978; 101:417-37. [PMID: 665377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9071-2_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ando S, Yu RK. Isolation and characterization of a novel trisialoganglioside, GT1a, from human brain. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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