1
|
al-Jafari AA, Kamal MA. The preparation and kinetic properties of multiple forms of chicken brain acetylcholinesterase. Cell Biochem Funct 1994; 12:29-35. [PMID: 8168228 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.290120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for preparing various forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from chicken brain has been developed and they have been characterized in terms of kinetic parameters such as Km, rate constant (k), turnover number (kp), specificity constant (ksp), Vmax and half-life (t1/2). The solubility experiments show that, there are two major forms of AChE i.e. water-soluble and membrane-bound AChE (MBAChE). The MBAChE shows several subforms, and on the basis of percentage activity only three MBAChE forms have been selected for complete characterization by various kinetic parameters. It was found that these three forms of MBAChE demonstrate significant differences in their kinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A al-Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Traina ME, Serpietri LA. Changes in the levels and forms of rat plasma cholinesterases during chronic diisopropylphosphorofluoridate intoxication. Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 33:645-53. [PMID: 6704181 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chronic administration of diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) on the levels and forms of plasma cholinesterase (ChE), were studied in male Wistar albino rats sacrificed at different time intervals after various schedules of treatment. In particular the inhibition and recovery rate of the enzymatic activity was evaluated for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), determined using butyrylthiocholine (BuThCh) as substrate and for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), measured using acetylthiocholine (AcThCh) in the presence of iso-OMPA 0.1 mM. At 1 1/2 and 24 hr after the DFP treatments, BuChE was considerably more depressed than was the case for AChE. Moreover, the recovery of BuChE proceeded more slowly, its activity being restored only seven days after the last treatment, while the recovery of AChE was completed 72 hr after the end of the treatments. Plasma molecular forms were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were revealed by enzymatic reaction with BuThCh or AcThCh as substrates. By using selective inhibitors, five main molecular forms of BuChE and two of AChE were found to exist in control plasma samples. A differential inhibition and recovery rate was observed among these forms after DFP intoxication. At 1 1/2 hr after the treatments, the BuChE activity was too low to be detected on the gels, but 24 hr thereafter, the quantitative determination of the different forms, performed by scanning densitometry, showed a significant increase of the two faster migrating ones. At the following time intervals, the electrophoretic pattern returned progressively towards normality. The faster migrating forms are therefore probably the first synthesized in the process of recovery of BuChE activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
3
|
Soreq H, Parvari R, Silman I. Biosynthesis of acetylcholinesterase in rat brain and Torpedo electric organ is directed by scarce mRNA species. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1983; 58:107-15. [PMID: 6635185 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
4
|
Soreq H, Parvari R, Silman I. Biosynthesis and secretion of catalytically active acetylcholinesterase in Xenopus oocytes microinjected with mRNA from rat brain and from Torpedo electric organ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:830-4. [PMID: 6950429 PMCID: PMC345846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel technique was developed for monitoring the level of the mRNA species that direct the synthesis of acetylcholinesterase (AcChoEase; acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), using microinjected Xenopus oocytes as a translation system. When injected with poly(A)-containing RNA from whole rat brain or rat cerebellum and from electric organ of Torpedo ocellata, Xenopus oocytes synthesize and secrete catalytically active cholinesterase. The newly synthesized enzyme, which is mostly secreted into the oocytes incubation medium, appears to be primarily AcChoEase because it is inhibited by the specific inhibitor BW 284C51. The new enzymatic activity can be detected after injection of as little as 12.5 ng of poly(A)-containing RNA per oocyte, and there is a linear dependence of the oocytes' ability to form AcChoEase on the amount of injected RNA. The AcChoEase mRNA displays a tau 1/2 of about 10 +/- 3 hr in injected oocytes. The abundance of AcChoEase mRNA in the total nonfractionated mRNA injected was calculated to be ca. 1 x 10(-5), a value similar to the level of AcChoEase protein determined in rat brain. The combination of the high turnover number of AcChoEase, the efficiency of the oocyte system, and the sensitivity of the assay used thus permit the accurate monitoring of the scarce mRNA species that direct the synthesis of this enzyme.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mikalsen A, Andersen RA, Barstad JA, Lilleheil G. Recovery of activity and molecular forms of cholinesterase in different animal species following irreversible cholinesterase inhibition. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1982; 71C:27-35. [PMID: 6121668 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(82)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
6
|
Meneguz A, Bisso GM, Michalek H. Regional differences in brain-soluble acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms after acute poisoning by isoflurophate in rats. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 1981; 18:1443-51. [PMID: 7333079 DOI: 10.3109/15563658108990353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
7
|
Lenz DE, Maxwell DM. Inhibition of rat cerebrum acetylcholinesterase isoenzymes after acute administration of soman. Biochem Pharmacol 1981; 30:1369-71. [PMID: 7271832 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(81)90325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Rakonczay Z, Mallol J, Schenk H, Vincendon G, Zanetta JP. Purification and properties of the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from adult rat brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 657:243-56. [PMID: 7213745 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) from adult rat brain has been purified to homogeneity using sequential affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and on dimethyl-aminoethylbenzoic acid-Sepharose 4B followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The yield of the purified enzyme (specific activity: 3068 U/mg protein) is higher than 50%. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X-100 gives only one band with acetylcholinesterase activity. With the exception of electrofocusing and pore gradient electrophoresis, where a multiple band pattern was detected (which seems to be artefactual), the enzyme appears to be homogeneous. Gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of Triton X-100 give only one symmetrical peak, with a calculated molecular weight of 328 000. Since polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol gives only one band with a molecular weight of 74 500, a tetrameric structure can be postulated for the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from rat brain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chai MS, Reavill CA, Vidal CJ, Plummer DT. Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase present in the white and grey matter of pig brain. Neurochem Int 1981; 3:311-21. [DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(81)90018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/1981] [Accepted: 07/13/1981] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Michalek H, Meneguz A, Bisso G, Carro-Ciampi G, Gatti G, Bignami G. Neurochemical Changes Associated with the Behavioural Toxicity of Organophsophate Compounds. Toxicology 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023199-0.50025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Andersen RA, Mikalsen A. Solubilization of frog brain and retina cholinesterase and studies of different molecular forms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 62:133-8. [PMID: 318546 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. The cholinesterase (ChE) of frog brain and retina could be easily solubilized. About 10% of the brain and 20% of the retina ChE were found to be soluble in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. After treatment with 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, about 30% of the total ChE activity of the brain and only 10% for retina was left particle bound. NaCl by itself did not solubilize ChE. Use of higher NaCl concentrations in combination with Triton X-100 as well as higher detergent concentrations alone seemed to cause an inhibiting effect of the solubilized ChE from retina. 2. The solubilized ChE from brain as well as retina were electrofocused as one main activity peak, corresponding to isoelectric points of pH 6.1 and 6.0, respectively. A second molecular form at pH 5.9 was distinguishable for the brain, but not for retina ChE. 3. Sucrose gradient centrifugation indicated that the ChE solubilized from the brain and retina consists of two molecular forms exhibiting S values of 5.1 +/- 0.24, 10.9 +/- 0.33 and 6.1 +/- 0.30, 10.9 +/- 0.43, respectively. After solubilization by higher Triton X-100 concentrations the soluble extracts from brain and retina seemed to contain the activity of these forms in different proportions. 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated three molecular forms of the brain ChE. One of these forms was found to have a molecular weight of 394,000 +/- 20,000. The others were found to have an identical molecular weight of 550,000 +/- 10,000. Two molecular forms exhibiting molecular weights of 292,000 +/- 10,000 and 470,000 +/- 10,000, could be separated for retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Andersen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
ALOZIE SYDNEYO, SHARMA RAGHUBIRP, SALUNKHE DATTAJIRAOK. INHIBITION OF RAT CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO BY THE POTATO ALKALOID, ?-CHACONINE2. J Food Biochem 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1978.tb00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Lehmann J, Fibiger HC. Acetylcholinesterase in the substantia nigra and caudate-putamen of the rat: properties and localization in dopaminergic neurons. J Neurochem 1978; 30:615-24. [PMID: 681936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Hüther G, Luppa H, Ott T. The multiple forms of brain acetylcholinesterase. II. A suggestion of their functional importance. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1978; 55:55-62. [PMID: 640861 DOI: 10.1007/bf00496694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of the multiple forms of the acetylocholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) of the rat brain is investigated using polyacrylamide gradient micro-gel electrophoresis with regard to a possible functional importance of this individual forms. The patterns of the AChE-forms of selected regions of the CNS are compared and certain differences could be shown. After increased cholinergic input (into the hippocampus by electrical stimulation of the nc. septi medialis) an aggregation of AChE subunits is detectable. Subletal intoxication with an irreversible inhibitor of AChE is followed by a faster recovery of the smaller forms. A suggestion of a possible functional role of the multiple forms of AChE is discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Andersen RA, Mikalsen A. Solubilization of chicken brain cholinesterase, separation and characterization of molecular forms. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1978; 9:335-40. [PMID: 700353 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(78)90072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
17
|
Hüther G, Luppa H. The multiple forms of brain acetylcholinesterase. I. Micro-electrophoresis and topochemical analysis of the pattern. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1977; 53:317-25. [PMID: 908654 DOI: 10.1007/bf00509248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Micro-polyacrylamide gradient electrophoresis followed by active staining is applied for the demonstration of the multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase. Among other advantages the very small samples that enable the analysis of well-defined brain material as well as the almost histochemical conditions of incubation enable its successful use in topochemical investigations of the multiple form pattern of brain acetylcholinesterase. The acetylcholinesterase of bovine nc. caudatus could be separated into 4 multiple forms and the pattern was analysed microdensitometrically. These forms differ in their molecular weight as well as in their degree of membrane binding. Increasing ionic strength (NaCl) is followed by changes in the pattern. This result is discussed as caused by aggregation of enzyme subunits.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vijayan VK, Oschowka JA. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and multiplicity in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) and the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurochem 1977; 28:1141-3. [PMID: 405458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Paggi P, Scarsella G, Toschi G. Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase in the ciliary ganglion and iris of the pigeon. Neuroscience 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(77)90131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Henderson NS. Acetylcholinesterase isozymes in developing mouse tissues. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1977; 199:41-50. [PMID: 839187 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401990106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several isozymes of acetylcholinesterase are separated by 10% acrylamide gel electrophoresis of mouse blood, brain, heart, muscle and tongue tissues. Two isozymes migrating near the origin are described which show changes in relative activity during development. The faster of the two bands is proportionately higher in concentration in embryonic tissues and is highly specific for the acetylthiocholine iodide substrate. This isozyme corresponds to the erythrocyte membrane AChE in electrophortic mobility and substrate specificity. The slower of the two bands is predominant in adult tissues and exhibits considerable cross reaction with the butyrylthiocholine iodide substrate. During embryonic and postnatal developmental stages there is a gradual shift from the faster migrating isozyme toward a predominance of the slower migrating isozyme.
Collapse
|
21
|
Oderfeld-Nowak B, Skangiel-Kramska J. Alterations in acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme pattern of hippocampus after septal lesions in rat brain. J Neurochem 1976; 27:1241-4. [PMID: 12170614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of septal lesions upon the AChE (EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymic pattern in the hippocampus of the rat brain was studied 1-3 months after surgery by means of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Alterations in the isoenzymic pattern were found in the membrane-bound but not in the soluble fraction of the enzyme. In addition to the two slowly migrating bands seen in the membrane-bound AChE fraction of the normal hippocampus, the fast-migrating isoenzyme becomes visible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Oderfeld-Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry of Nervous System and Muscle, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- J W Gurd
- Department of Biochemistry, Scarborough College, University of Toronto, West Hill, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
RUESS KP, WEINERT M, LIEFLÄNDER M. Affinitätschromatographische Reinigung der Acetylcholinesterase aus Nucleus Caudatus vom Rind im Großmaßstab. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1976.357.1.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Gisiger V, Venkov L, Gautron J. [Acetylcholinesterase and biosynthesis of proteins in the resting and stimulated sympathetic ganglion (author's transl)]. J Neurochem 1975; 25:737-48. [PMID: 1206394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb04403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|