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Oh SK, Lim BG, Park S, Yang HS, In J, Kim YB, Choi HR, Lee IO. Effect of protracted dexamethasone exposure and its withdrawal on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex reversal: an ex vivo rat study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11268. [PMID: 31375743 PMCID: PMC6677897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported that protracted dexamethasone treatment induces resistance to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and the association with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the diaphragm of rats. Here, we investigated the effect of protracted dexamethasone administration on the sensitivity to rocuronium and the recovery profile when reversed by sugammadex; additionally, we observed the recovery period of pharmacodynamic change after withdrawal. Sprague-Dawley rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone or saline for 14 days. On days 1, 3, and 7 after the last dexamethasone treatment (Dexa1, Dexa3, and Dexa7, respectively) or 1 day after saline (control group), the phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation was dissected for assay. The dose-response curve of rocuronium in Dexa1 was shifted to the right compared to controls, but curves in Dexa3 and Dexa7 were not significantly different. Groups were not significantly different in attaining the train-of-four ratio ≥ 0.9, but the recovery index in Dexa7 was shorter than that in control and Dexa1. Recovery profiles (period of sugammadex reversal) were not correlated with resistance properties but rather with total administered drugs (binding capacity of NMBAs and sugammadex). Protracted dexamethasone exposure induced resistance to rocuronium but seemed to have no effect on sugammadex reversal in the rat diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Kyeong Oh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gun Lim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seuk Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong In
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey-Ran Choi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ok Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Cornide-Petronio ME, Bujaldon E, Mendes-Braz M, Avalos de León CG, Jiménez-Castro MB, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Rodés J, Peralta C. The impact of cortisol in steatotic and non-steatotic liver surgery. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2344-2358. [PMID: 28374452 PMCID: PMC5618669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intent of this study was to examine the effects of regulating cortisol levels on damage and regeneration in livers with and without steatosis subjected to partial hepatectomy under ischaemia–reperfusion. Ultimately, we found that lean animals undergoing liver resection displayed no changes in cortisol, whereas cortisol levels in plasma, liver and adipose tissue were elevated in obese animals undergoing such surgery. Such elevations were attributed to enzymatic upregulation, ensuring cortisol production, and downregulation of enzymes controlling cortisol clearance. In the absence of steatosis, exogenous cortisol administration boosted circulating cortisol, while inducing clearance of hepatic cortisol, thus maintaining low cortisol levels and preventing related hepatocellular harm. In the presence of steatosis, cortisol administration was marked by a substantial rise in intrahepatic availability, thereby exacerbating tissue damage and regenerative failure. The injurious effects of cortisol were linked to high hepatic acethylcholine levels. Upon administering an α7 nicotinic acethylcholine receptor antagonist, no changes in terms of tissue damage or regenerative lapse were apparent in steatotic livers. However, exposure to an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist protected livers against damage, enhancing parenchymal regeneration and survival rate. These outcomes for the first time provide new mechanistic insight into surgically altered steatotic livers, underscoring the compelling therapeutic potential of cortisol–acetylcholine–M3 muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Bujaldon
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Mendes-Braz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Rodés
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Oliveira L, Costa AC, Noronha-Matos JB, Silva I, Cavalcante WLG, Timóteo MA, Corrado AP, Dal Belo CA, Ambiel CR, Alves-do-Prado W, Correia-de-Sá P. Amplification of neuromuscular transmission by methylprednisolone involves activation of presynaptic facilitatory adenosine A2A receptors and redistribution of synaptic vesicles. Neuropharmacology 2014; 89:64-76. [PMID: 25220030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying improvement of neuromuscular transmission deficits by glucocorticoids are still a matter of debate despite these compounds have been used for decades in the treatment of autoimmune myasthenic syndromes. Besides their immunosuppressive action, corticosteroids may directly facilitate transmitter release during high-frequency motor nerve activity. This effect coincides with the predominant adenosine A2A receptor tonus, which coordinates the interplay with other receptors (e.g. muscarinic) on motor nerve endings to sustain acetylcholine (ACh) release that is required to overcome tetanic neuromuscular depression in myasthenics. Using myographic recordings, measurements of evoked [(3)H]ACh release and real-time video microscopy with the FM4-64 fluorescent dye, results show that tonic activation of facilitatory A2A receptors by endogenous adenosine accumulated during 50 Hz bursts delivered to the rat phrenic nerve is essential for methylprednisolone (0.3 mM)-induced transmitter release facilitation, because its effect was prevented by the A2A receptor antagonist, ZM 241385 (10 nM). Concurrent activation of the positive feedback loop operated by pirenzepine-sensitive muscarinic M1 autoreceptors may also play a role, whereas the corticosteroid action is restrained by the activation of co-expressed inhibitory M2 and A1 receptors blocked by methoctramine (0.1 μM) and DPCPX (2.5 nM), respectively. Inhibition of FM4-64 loading (endocytosis) by methylprednisolone following a brief tetanic stimulus (50 Hz for 5 s) suggests that it may negatively modulate synaptic vesicle turnover, thus increasing the release probability of newly recycled vesicles. Interestingly, bulk endocytosis was rehabilitated when methylprednisolone was co-applied with ZM241385. Data suggest that amplification of neuromuscular transmission by methylprednisolone may involve activation of presynaptic facilitatory adenosine A2A receptors by endogenous adenosine leading to synaptic vesicle redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - I Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - W L G Cavalcante
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Timóteo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - A P Corrado
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C A Dal Belo
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C R Ambiel
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - W Alves-do-Prado
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - P Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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4
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Opposing effects of dexamethasone, agrin and sugammadex on functional innervation and constitutive secretion of IL-6 in in vitro innervated primary human muscle cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:186-90. [PMID: 23791923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction development is the key process required for successful neuromuscular transmission and functional innervation of skeletal muscle fibres. Various substances can influence these processes, some of which are in common use in clinical practice. In the present study, the effects of the potentially new therapeutic agent agrin were followed, along with the widely used glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The in vitro experimental model used was functional innervation and constitutive interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion of human muscle cells. Additionally, the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex and its possible interaction with dexamethasone were followed. Dexamethasone impaired functional innervation while agrin had opposing effects. Furthermore, based on interference with IL-6 secretion, we show potential (chemical) interactions between dexamethasone and sugammadex. The physiological effects of this interaction should be taken into consideration under clinical conditions where these two drugs might be applied simultaneously.
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A subchronic application period of glucocorticoids leads to rat cognitive dysfunction whereas physostigmine induces a mild neuroprotection. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1055-65. [PMID: 20661756 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic neurotransmitter system and prolonged glucocorticoid-induced stress can affect cognitive functions in opposite ways. While pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission is known to induce neuroprotective effects, chronic glucocorticoids impair cognitive functions. Up to now, there is no consensus as to whether a subchronic stress period of several days would affect cognitive function. The goal of this study was to investigate whether or not repeated applications of physostigmine over 3 days lead to protective effects on rat spatial cognitive abilities in contrast to the deteriorating effect on rat cognitive function after corticosterone treatment. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate in what extent this cognition-modulating effect is associated with rat cerebral acetylcholinergic system. Male adult rats (n = 40) were randomly divided into four groups with n = 10 per group: (I) placebo-, (II) corticosterone- (15 mg/day), (III) physostigmine- (0.014 mg/day), and (IV) physostigmine + corticosterone-treated rats. Body mass and plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured. Psychometric investigations were conducted using a Morris water maze before and after a subchronic treatment. In cerebral tissue, ACh and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) content and ACh receptor density were determined. Tissue corticosterone concentration was measured in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and adrenal glands. In corticosterone-treated rats, reduced spatial cognitive abilities were associated with a significant increase in plasma (+25%) and cerebral corticosterone levels (+350%) parallelled by a significant reduction in adrenal gland concentrations (-84%) as compared to placebo. Repeated physostigmine injections improved rats' spatial memory and increased cerebral ACh and AChE content (p < 0.05). When physostigmine was administered at the same time as corticosterone (group IV), it was not able to reverse the corticosterone effect. A significant correlation was detected between cerebral AChE and corticosterone concentrations as well as between AChE and psychometric parameters. We conclude that subchronic exogenous corticosterone administration induces memory dysfunction whereas physostigmine exerts cognitive-enhancing effects if given for 3 days. An apparently existing interaction between glucocorticoid excess and ACh metabolism is discussed.
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6
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Allen JA, Scala S, Jones HR. Ocular myasthenia gravis in a senior population: Diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. Muscle Nerve 2009; 41:379-84. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Grando SA, Kawashima K, Kirkpatrick CJ, Wessler I. Recent progress in understanding the non-neuronal cholinergic system in humans. Life Sci 2007; 80:2181-5. [PMID: 17467010 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, 95816, USA
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8
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Abstract
In pemphigus vulgaris, treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids is life saving; it may, however, cause severe side effects, including death. A patient with pemphigus vulgaris and myasthenia gravis was treated for approximately five years with the cholinomimetic Mestinon (pyridostigmine bromide), Imuran (azathioprine), and a topical corticosteroid gel before the need to introduce systemic glucocorticosteroids. Because activation of keratinocyte acetylcholine receptors also has been shown to abolish pemphigus IgG-induced acantholysis in cultured keratinocyte monolayers, a clinical trial of Mestinon was initiated in patients with active pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (also known as paraneoplastic pemphigus). First results indicate that nonsteroidal treatment of pemphigus is possible. Mestinon may be used to slow down progression of the disease and to treat mild cases with chronic lesions on limited areas. Stimulation of the keratinocyte- acetylcholine axis may lead to a therapeutic effect through any of the following mechanisms: (1) stimulating keratinocyte cell-to-cell attachment; (2) accelerating reepithelialization; and (3) competing with the disease-causing pemphigus antibodies, preventing them from attachment to keratinocytes. Glucocorticosteroids and various types of steroid-sparing drugs used to treat pemphigus exhibit cholinergic side effects, including effects on expression and function of keratinocyte adhesion molecules, that are very similar to those produced by the cholinomimetic drugs. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying therapeutic efficacy of antiacantholytics may shed light on the immunopharmacological mechanisms of pemphigus antibody-induced acantholysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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9
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Kupersmith MJ. Does Early Immunotherapy Reduce the Conversion of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis to Generalized Myasthenia Gravis? J Neuroophthalmol 2003; 23:249-50. [PMID: 14663302 DOI: 10.1097/00041327-200312000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 95817, UC Davis Medical Center 4860 Y, Street #3400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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11
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Dorchies OM, Laporte J, Wagner S, Hindelang C, Warter JM, Mandel JL, Poindron P. Normal innervation and differentiation of X-linked myotubular myopathy muscle cells in a nerve-muscle coculture system. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:736-46. [PMID: 11595516 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To study the pathogenesis of X-linked recessive myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), we used a nerve-muscle coculture system which allows the reconstitution of functional motor units in vitro after coupling of human skeletal muscle cells with embryonic rat spinal cord explants. We used three skeletal muscle cell lines derived from subjects with known mutations in the MTM1 gene (two from embryonic tissues, associated with mutations predicted to give a severe phenotype, and one from a neonate still alive at 3 years 6 months and exhibiting a mild phenotype). We compared these three XLMTM muscle cell cultures with control cultures giving special attention to behaviour of living cocultures (formation of the myofibres, contractile activity, survival), expression of muscular markers (desmin, dystrophin, alpha-actinin, troponin-T, myosin heavy chain isoforms), and nerve-muscle interactions (expression and aggregation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). We were unable to reproduce any 'myotubular' phenotype since XLMTM muscle cells behaved like normal cells with regard to all the investigated parameters. Our results suggest that XLMTM muscle might be intrinsically normal and emphasize the possible involvement of the myotubularin-deficient motor neurons in the development of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mutation
- Myofibrils/metabolism
- Myofibrils/ultrastructure
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Nerve Tissue/cytology
- Nerve Tissue/embryology
- Nerve Tissue/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor
- Rats
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spinal Cord/embryology
- X Chromosome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Dorchies
- Laboratoire de Pathologie des Communications entre Cellules Nerveuses et Musculaires (UPRES 2308), UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, BP 24, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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12
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Jakobi JM, Killinger DW, Wolfe BM, Mahon JL, Rice CL. Quadriceps muscle function and fatigue in women with Addison's disease. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24:1040-9. [PMID: 11439379 DOI: 10.1002/mus.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In nine patients with Addison's disease (mean +/- SE: 51 +/- 2 years) receiving conventional steroid treatment, and nine age-matched healthy controls (56 +/- 2 years), we investigated maximum voluntary quadriceps force (MVC) and contractile properties evoked with stimulation and central activation both at rest and during a submaximal intermittent fatigue task. The MVC was similar (-3%), but twitch tension (-27%) and central activation were significantly less (-7%), and tetanic half-relaxation time was approximately 40% slower in the patients. Twitch amplitudes were potentiated by 6% in the patients, but unchanged in the control group. The patients self-terminated a submaximal intermittent fatigue protocol (0.6 duty cycle) at approximately 5 +/- 1 min, whereas the controls stopped when they lost 50% of MVC force ( approximately 10 +/- 1 min). Force loss was similar between groups over the first 5 min of the fatigue task. In the patient group, maximal and submaximal relative integrated electromyogram (IEMG) increased significantly in the first minute of fatigue and remained elevated, whereas the controls exhibited a gradual increase in submaximal IEMG with little change in maximal IEMG. These results indicate that conventionally treated Addison's patients have similar MVC strength, but altered contractile properties and decreased endurance compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jakobi
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, St. Joseph's Health Care Annex, University of Western Ontario, 1490 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6G 2M3, Canada
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13
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Shin YS, Fink H, Khiroya R, Ibebunjo C, Martyn J. Prednisolone-Induced Muscle Dysfunction Is Caused More by Atrophy than by Altered Acetylcholine Receptor Expression. Anesth Analg 2000. [DOI: 10.1213/00000539-200008000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Shin YS, Fink H, Khiroya R, Ibebunjo C, Martyn J. Prednisolone-induced muscle dysfunction is caused more by atrophy than by altered acetylcholine receptor expression. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:322-8. [PMID: 10910842 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Large doses of glucocorticoids can alter muscle physiology and susceptibility to neuromuscular blocking drugs by mechanisms not clearly understood. We investigated the effects of moderate and large doses of prednisolone on muscle function and pharmacology, and their relationship to changes in muscle size and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression. With institutional approval, 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive daily subcutaneous doses of 10 mg/kg prednisolone (P10 group), 100 mg/kg prednisolone (P100 group), or an equal volume of saline (S group) for 7 days. A fourth group of rats was pair fed (food restricted) with the P100 rats for 7 days (FR group). On Day 8, the nerve-evoked peak twitch tensions, tetanic tensions, and fatigability, and the dose-response curves of d-tubocurarine in the tibialis cranialis muscle were measured in vivo and related to muscle mass or expression of AChRs. Rate of body weight gain was depressed in the P100, FR, and P10 groups compared with the S group. Tibialis muscle mass was smaller in the P100 group than in the P10 or S groups. The evoked peak twitch and tetanic tensions were less in the P100 group than in the P10 or S groups, however, tension per milligram of muscle mass was greater in the P100 group than in the S group. The 50% effective dose of d-tubocurarine (microg/kg) in the tibialis muscle was smaller in the P10 (33.6 +/- 5.4) than in the S (61.9 +/- 5.0) or the P100 (71.3 +/- 9.6) groups. AChR expression was less in the P10 group than in the S group. The evoked tensions correlated with muscle mass (r(2) = 0.32, P < 0.001), however, not with expression of AChR. The 50% effective dose of d-tubocurarine did not correlate with muscle mass or AChR expression. Our results suggest that the neuromuscular dysfunction after prednisolone is dose-dependent, and derives primarily from muscle atrophy and derives less so from changes in AChR expression. IMPLICATIONS The mechanisms by which chronic glucocorticoid therapy alters neuromuscular physiology and pharmacology are unclear. We suggest that the observed effects are dose-dependent and derive primarily from muscle atrophy and derive less from changes in acetylcholine receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Taejon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Arias HR. Topology of ligand binding sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1997; 25:133-91. [PMID: 9403137 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) presents two very well differentiated domains for ligand binding that account for different cholinergic properties. In the hydrophilic extracellular region of both alpha subunits there exist the binding sites for agonists such as the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and for competitive antagonists such as d-tubocurarine. Agonists trigger the channel opening upon binding while competitive antagonists compete for the former ones and inhibit its pharmacological action. Identification of all residues involved in recognition and binding of agonist and competitive antagonists is a primary objective in order to understand which structural components are related to the physiological function of the AChR. The picture for the localisation of the agonist/competitive antagonist binding sites is now clearer in the light of newer and better experimental evidence. These sites are mainly located on both alpha subunits in a pocket approximately 30-35 A above the surface membrane. Since both alpha subunits are sequentially identical, the observed high and low affinity for agonists on the receptor is conditioned by the interaction of the alpha subunit with the delta or the gamma chain, respectively. This relationship is opposite for curare-related drugs. This molecular interaction takes place probably at the interface formed by the different subunits. The principal component for the agonist/competitive antagonist binding sites involves several aromatic residues, in addition to the cysteine pair at 192-193, in three loops-forming binding domains (loops A-C). Other residues such as the negatively changed aspartates and glutamates (loop D), Thr or Tyr (loop E), and Trp (loop F) from non-alpha subunits were also found to form the complementary component of the agonist/competitive antagonist binding sites. Neurotoxins such as alpha-, kappa-bungarotoxin and several alpha-conotoxins seem to partially overlap with the agonist/competitive antagonist binding sites at multiple point of contacts. The alpha subunits also carry the binding site for certain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as eserine and for the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine which activate the receptor without interacting with the classical agonist binding sites. The link between specific subunits by means of the binding of ACh molecules might play a pivotal role in the relative shift among receptor subunits. This conformational change would allow for the opening of the intrinsic receptor cation channel transducting the external chemical signal elicited by the agonist into membrane depolarisation. The ion flux activity can be inhibited by non-competitive inhibitors (NCIs). For this kind of drugs, a population of low-affinity binding sites has been found at the lipid-protein interface of the AChR. In addition, several high-affinity binding sites have been found to be located at different rings on the M2 transmembrane domain, namely luminal binding sites. In this regard, the serine ring is the locus for exogenous NCIs such as chlorpromazine, triphenylmethylphosphonium, the local anaesthetic QX-222, phencyclidine, and trifluoromethyliodophenyldiazirine. Trifluoromethyliodophenyldiazirine also binds to the valine ring, which is the postulated site for cembranoids. Additionally, the local anaesthetic meproadifen binding site seems to be located at the outer or extracellular ring. Interestingly, the M2 domain is also the locus for endogenous NCIs such as the neuropeptide substance P and the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine. In contrast with this fact, experimental evidence supports the hypothesis for the existence of other NCI high-affinity binding sites located not at the channel lumen but at non-luminal binding domains. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Arias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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16
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Breningstall GN, Kurachek SC, Fugate JH, Engel AG. Treatment of congenital endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency by neuromuscular blockade. J Child Neurol 1996; 11:345-6. [PMID: 8807428 DOI: 10.1177/088307389601100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G N Breningstall
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), Park Nicollet Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Braun S, Sarkozi E, McFerrin J, Askanas V. Hydrocortisone influences voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels in cultured human skeletal muscle. J Neurosci Res 1995; 41:727-33. [PMID: 7500374 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490410603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid hydrocortisone (HC), applied for up to 2 weeks to either aneurally or innervated cultured human muscle, produced 2-fold increase of the number of dihydropyridine ([3H]PN200-110) binding sites. The K(+)-induced, nifedipine-inhibited Ca2+ uptake was increased 40%. The effect of HC was concentration- and time-dependent. [3H]PN200-110 affinity for its receptor was not affected by HC treatment. HC did not exert significant influence on the total amount of protein, CK activity, and the number of myotubes. These results indicate that voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel expression in human muscle is regulated by glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braun
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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18
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Metzinger L, Passaquin AC, Vernier A, Thiriet N, Warter JM, Poindron P. Lazaroids enhance skeletal myogenesis in primary cultures of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. J Neurol Sci 1994; 126:138-45. [PMID: 7853018 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(94)90263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a role for free radicals in the degeneration of dystrophin-deficient muscle (as observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy). We therefore decided to test the action of the lazaroid antioxidant compounds on primary skeletal muscle cell cultures derived from an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the mdx mouse. Both vitamin E-derived U-83836E and glucocorticoid-derived U-74389F enhanced myogenesis of dystrophin-deficient cultures as determined by the number of myotubes, the amount of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, skeletal muscle alpha-actin levels and myosin light chain. U-83836E enhanced myogenesis of control congenic C57BL/10 mouse-derived muscle cultures whereas U-74389F had no detectable effect. This enhanced myogenesis was in most respects similar to the one triggered by alpha-methylprednisolone which is the only drug known to be beneficial in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Metzinger
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Neuromusculaires, Université Louis Pasteur (ULP), Illkirch, France
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19
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Obata T, Yamanaka Y, Chiueh CC. In vivo release of dopamine by perfusion of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion in the striatum with a microdialysis technique. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1992; 60:311-3. [PMID: 1491520 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.60.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on the release of DA in rat striatum by the in vivo microdialysis technique. For this study, we made a suitable microdialysis probe from a 22-G needle, microliter pipette tip, silica tube and polyethylene tube. Such a repairable microdialysis probe can be easily made from readily available and inexpensive materials. DA release, as determined by the 3-methoxytyramine level, was dose-dependently increased by MPP+ (1-10 mM). Only the presence of a 1 mM concentration of MPP+ in the dialysate significantly decreased the level of the DA metabolite DOPAC, while administration of higher MPP+ concentrations resulted in no significant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Obata
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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