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Sá GCDS, da Silva LB, Bezerra PVV, da Silva MAF, Inacio CLS, Paiva WDS, e Silva VPM, Cordeiro LV, Oliveira JWDF, Silva MS, Lima EDO, Moreira FJC, Rocha HADO, Barra PB, Ximenes MDFFDM, Uchôa AF. Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers. extracts: Screening by examining aedicidal action under laboratory and field conditions along with its antioxidant, antileishmanial, and antimicrobial activities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275835. [PMID: 36630475 PMCID: PMC9833590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the incidence of arboviral, microbial and parasitic infections, and to disorders related to oxidative stress has encouraged the development of adjuvant therapies based on natural formulations, such as those involving plant extracts. Thus, to expand the repertoire of the available therapeutic options, this study aimed to describe the versatility of Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) (Pers., 1807) extracts for the control of arbovirus vectors, as well as their antioxidant, antileishmanial, and antimicrobial potential. Among the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts obtained, the hydroethanolic extract from roots (RHA) was identified as the most active larvicide extract demonstrating, respectively, the lowest lethal concentration (mg/mL) for 50%, 90% and 99% of Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (S., 1894) larvae, observed at 24 h (0.33, 0.84 and 1.80; 0.32, 0.70 and 1.32) and 48 h (0.17, 0.51 and 1.22; 0.26, 0.47 and 0.78) post-exposure. Field assays revealed that RHA (0.84 mg/mL) is a potential oviposition deterrent, reducing egg-laying by approximately 90%. RHA (0.1 mg/mL) also exhibited antioxidant activity for the following tests: total antioxidant capacity (286.86 mg AAE/g), iron (87.16%) and copper (25.64%) chelation, and superoxide scavenging (10%). In the cell culture assays, RHA (0.1 mg/mL) promoted regeneration of metabolic activity (92% cell viability) in cells exposed to oxidative stress. Furthermore, RHA displayed weak antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 3.53 mg/mL) against Leishmania amazonensis and not exhibit antimicrobial activity. The extraction favored the concentration of carbohydrates in RHA, in addition to lectins and protease inhibitors, with molecular masses estimated between 10 and 24 kDa. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity analyses of RHA suggested its biosecurity. Thus, RHA is a multivalent extract with insecticide and antioxidant properties at low and safe concentrations. However, others studies on its indirect toxic effects are ongoing to ensure the complete safety of RHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulian César da Silva Sá
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Barboza da Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Vale Bezerra
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Melissa Alves Farias da Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva Inacio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Entomology Research, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Weslley de Souza Paiva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymer, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Penéllope Macedo e Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Entomology Research, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Laísa Vilar Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Johny Wysllas de Freitas Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymer, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Patricia Batista Barra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Entomology Research, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ferreira Uchôa
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Meng X, Gao Z, Liang Y, Zhang C, Chen Z, Mao Y, Huang B, Kui K, Yang Z. Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Transcriptomic Analysis of Simmental and Chinese Native Cattle Differing in Meat Quality. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:601064. [PMID: 33385016 PMCID: PMC7770222 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.601064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of economy, the demand for beef, with regard to quantity and quality, by consumers has been increasing in China. Chinese native cattle are characterized by their abundant genetic resources, unique origins, large breeding stocks, and robust environmental adaptability. Thus, to explore the genetic mechanisms on regulating meat quality in Chinese native cattle is of great importance to satisfy increased requirements for beef production. In this study, we investigated three breeds of cattle, namely Yunling, Wenshan, and Simmental, at the age of 12 months. Animals were classified into three groups (n = 5/breed). Growth traits including body weight and body size and plasma hormone levels were measured. Body weight of Wenshan cattle was significantly lower than that of Yunling and Simmental cattle (P < 0.05). Again, body size indexes, such as withers height, body slanting length, chest circumference, and hip and rump length, were significantly lower in Wenshan cattle than those in Yunling and Simmental cattle (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in those indexes between Yunling and Simmental cattle (P > 0.05). Cattle were slaughtered at the age of 18 months and then meat color, pH, pressing losses, muscle tenderness, and cooking losses were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Data revealed differences in meat quality among the three breeds analyzed. Based on transcriptomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we observed 3,198 differentially expressed genes related to meat quality, of which 1,750 genes were upregulated. Moreover, we found two important signaling pathways closely linked to meat quality, namely adipocytokine signaling pathway [e.g., Leptin receptor (LEPR)] and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum [e.g., signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), heat shock protein (HSPA12A), and calpain 1 (CAPN1)]. The results of transcripts were further verified by qRT-PCR. Using correlation analysis between gene expression levels and shear force, we also identified two functional genes (e.g., HSPA12A and CAPN1) associated with meat quality. Overall, this study provides new sights into novel targets and underlying mechanisms to modulate meat quality in Chinese native cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangren Meng
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Huai-yang Cuisine Engineering Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziwu Gao
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Huai-yang Cuisine Engineering Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaixing Kui
- Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Cotabarren J, Lufrano D, Parisi MG, Obregón WD. Biotechnological, biomedical, and agronomical applications of plant protease inhibitors with high stability: A systematic review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110398. [PMID: 32005400 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are regulatory proteins found in numerous animal tissues and fluids, plants, and microorganisms that reduce and inhibit the exacerbated and uncontrolled activity of the target proteases. Specific PIs are also effective tools for inactivating proteases involved in human diseases like arthritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, thrombosis, emphysema, hypertension, and muscular dystrophy among others. Plant PIs-small peptides with a high content of cystine residues in disulfide bridges-possess a remarkable resistance to heat treatment and a high stability against shifts in pH, denaturing agents, ionic strength, and proteolysis. In recent years, novel biologic activities have been reported for plant PIs, including antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant action plus inhibition of tumor-cell growth; thus pointing to possible applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In this review, we provide a comparative overview of plant-PIs classifying them in four groups according of their thermal and pH stability (high stability and hyperstable -to temperature and to pHs-, respectively), then emphasizing the relevance of the physicochemical characteristics of these proteins for potential biotechnological and industrial applications. Finally, we analyze the biologic activities of the stable protease inhibitors previously characterized that are the most relevant to potential applications in biomedicine, the food industry, and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cotabarren
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Lufrano
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Graciela Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Walter David Obregón
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder and a major health and socio-economic issue in industrialized countries. It is primarily due to the degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea via complex pathophysiological mechanisms. These occur following acute and/or chronic exposure to harmful extrinsic (e.g., ototoxic drugs, noise...) and intrinsic (e.g., aging, genetic) causative factors. No clinical therapies currently exist to rescue the dying sensorineural cells or regenerate these cells once lost. Recent studies have, however, provided renewed hope, with insights into the therapeutic targets allowing the prevention and treatment of ototoxic drug- and noise-induced, age-related hearing loss as well as cochlear cell degeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes are showing promise, as are cell-replacement therapies to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people. This review begins by recapitulating our current understanding of the molecular pathways that underlie cochlear sensorineural damage, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. It then guides the reader through to the recent discoveries in pharmacological, gene and cell therapy research towards hearing protection and restoration as well as their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Shmukler YB, Nikishin DA. Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E232. [PMID: 28726749 PMCID: PMC5532674 DOI: 10.3390/md15070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTX) and brevetoxins (BTX) are polycyclic ethereal compounds biosynthesized by the worldwide distributed planktonic and epibenthic dinoflagellates of Gambierdiscus and Karenia genera, correspondingly. Ciguatera, evoked by CTXs, is a type of ichthyosarcotoxism, which involves a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, while BTXs cause so-called neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Both types of toxins are reviewed together because of similar mechanisms of their action. These are the only molecules known to activate voltage-sensitive Na⁺-channels in mammals through a specific interaction with site 5 of its α-subunit and may compete for it, which results in an increase in neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and impairment of synaptic vesicle recycling. Most marine ciguatoxins potentiate Nav channels, but a considerable number of them, such as gambierol and maitotoxin, have been shown to affect another ion channel. Although the extrinsic function of these toxins is probably associated with the function of a feeding deterrent, it was suggested that their intrinsic function is coupled with the regulation of photosynthesis via light-harvesting complex II and thioredoxin. Antagonistic effects of BTXs and brevenal may provide evidence of their participation as positive and negative regulators of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri B Shmukler
- Group of Embryophysiology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Vavilov st, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis A Nikishin
- Group of Embryophysiology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Vavilov st, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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Curcio M, Salazar IL, Mele M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Calpains and neuronal damage in the ischemic brain: The swiss knife in synaptic injury. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:1-35. [PMID: 27283248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excessive extracellular accumulation of glutamate in the ischemic brain leads to an overactivation of glutamate receptors with consequent excitotoxic neuronal death. Neuronal demise is largely due to a sustained activation of NMDA receptors for glutamate, with a consequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activation of calcium- dependent mechanisms. Calpains are a group of Ca(2+)-dependent proteases that truncate specific proteins, and some of the cleavage products remain in the cell, although with a distinct function. Numerous studies have shown pre- and post-synaptic effects of calpains on glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, targeting membrane- associated proteins as well as intracellular proteins. The resulting changes in the presynaptic proteome alter neurotransmitter release, while the cleavage of postsynaptic proteins affects directly or indirectly the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and downstream mechanisms. These alterations also disturb the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, with an impact in neuronal demise. In this review we discuss the evidence pointing to a role for calpains in the dysregulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in brain ischemia, at the pre- and post-synaptic levels, as well as the functional consequences. Although targeting calpain-dependent mechanisms may constitute a good therapeutic approach for stroke, specific strategies should be developed to avoid non-specific effects given the important regulatory role played by these proteases under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Curcio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miranda Mele
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gu WW, Lu SQ, Ni Y, Liu ZH, Zhou XY, Zhu YM, Luo Y, Li X, Li LS, Sun WZ, Zhang HL, Ao GZ. 2-(3',5'-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone, a novel synthetic small-molecule compound, provides neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. Neuroscience 2015; 316:26-40. [PMID: 26656221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2-(3',5'-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (DMBC) is a novel small-molecule compound synthesized by our group. Here, we found that in rat models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), intraperitoneal injection (ip) of DMBC at 1h after ischemia reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits and increased the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in the ischemic cortex. Post-treatment of DMBC still produced neuroprotective effects even when administered at 6h after ischemia. In the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced astrocytes or HT22 cell injury, DMBC treatment decreased the OGD-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and increased the GFAP levels in astrocytes. In addition, Annexin-V-Fluos staining analysis revealed that DMBC treatment attenuated both OGD-induced apoptosis and necrosis in astrocytes. Western blotting analysis showed DMBC treatment inhibited the ischemia or OGD-induced increases in active cathepsin B in the ischemic cortex or in astrocytes or HT22 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that DMBC treatment blocked the ischemia or OGD-induced release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes into the cytoplasm in the ischemic cortex or in astrocytes or HT22 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that DMBC can offer neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia with an extended therapeutic window and its mechanism might be associated with inhibition of the cathepsin B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - S Q Lu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Y Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Z H Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - X Y Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y M Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - L S Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - W Z Sun
- The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - H L Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - G Z Ao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Hsieh SC, Wu CH, Wu CC, Yen JH, Liu MC, Hsueh CM, Hsu SL. Gallic acid selectively induces the necrosis of activated hepatic stellate cells via a calcium-dependent calpain I activation pathway. Life Sci 2014; 102:55-64. [PMID: 24631138 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in response to liver injury is critical to the development of liver fibrosis, thus, the blockage of the activation of HSCs is considered as a rational approach for anti-fibrotic treatment. In this report, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of gallic acid (GA) in interfering with the activation of HSCs. MAIN METHODS The primary cultured rat HSCs were treated with various doses of GA for different time intervals. The morphology, viability, caspase activity, calcium ion flux, calpain I activity, reactive oxygen species generation and lysosomal functions were then investigated. KEY FINDINGS GA selectively killed HSCs in both dose- and time-dependent manners, while remained no harm to hepatocytes. Besides, caspases were not involved in GA-induced cell death of HSCs. Further results showed that GA toxicity was associated with a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a subsequent increase of intracellular Ca(2+) and calpain activity. Addition of calpain I but not calpain II inhibitor rescued HSCs from GA-induced death. In parallel, pretreatment with antioxidants or an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator eradicated GA responses, implying that GA-mediated cytotoxicity was dependent on its pro-oxidative properties and its effect on Ca(2+) flux. Furthermore, application of ROS scavengers also reversed Ca(2+) release and the disruption of lysosomal membranes in GA-treated HSCs. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide evidence for the first time that GA causes selective HSC death through a Ca(2+)/calpain I-mediated necrosis cascade, suggesting that GA may represent a potential therapeutic agent to combat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chung Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education & Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Yen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Liu
- Department of Education & Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education & Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Forman OP, De Risio L, Mellersh CS. Missense mutation in CAPN1 is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia in the Parson Russell Terrier dog breed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64627. [PMID: 23741357 PMCID: PMC3669408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in the Parson Russell Terrier (PRT) dog breed is a disease of progressive incoordination of gait and loss of balance. Clinical signs usually become notable between 6 and 12 months of age with affected dogs presenting with symmetric spinocerebellar ataxia particularly evident in the pelvic limbs. The degree of truncal ataxia, pelvic limb hypermetria and impaired balance is progressive, particularly during the initial months of disease. A certain degree of stabilisation as well as intermittent worsening may occur. At the later stages of the disease ambulation often becomes difficult, with owners often electing to euthanise affected dogs on welfare grounds. Using a GWAS approach and target-enriched massively-parallel sequencing, a strongly associated non-synonymous SNP in the CAPN1 gene, encoding the calcium dependent cysteine protease calpain1 (mu-calpain), was identified. The SNP is a missense mutation causing a cysteine to tyrosine substitution at residue 115 of the CAPN1 protein. Cysteine 115 is a highly conserved residue and forms a key part of a catalytic triad of amino acids that are crucial to the enzymatic activity of cysteine proteases. The CAPN1 gene shows high levels of expression in the brain and nervous system and roles for the protein in both neuronal necrosis and maintenance have been suggested. Given the functional implications and high level of conservation observed across species, the CAPN1 variant represents a provocative candidate for the cause of SCA in the PRT and a novel potential cause of ataxia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Forman
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
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Donkor IO. Calpain inhibitors: a survey of compounds reported in the patent and scientific literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:601-36. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.568480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Nakamura S, Hasegawa H, Seki M, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Yamada Y, Kohno S, Kamihira S. Legionella pneumophila induces cathepsin B-dependent necrotic cell death with releasing high mobility group box1 in macrophages. Respir Res 2010; 11:158. [PMID: 21092200 PMCID: PMC3003236 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legionella pneumophila (LPN) can cause a lethal infectious disease with a marked inflammatory response in humans. However, the mechanism of this severe inflammation remains poorly understood. Since necrosis is known to induce inflammation, we investigated whether LPN induces necrosis in macrophages. We also analyzed the involvement of lysosomal cathepsin B in LPN-induced cell death. METHODS The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was infected with LPN, NUL1 strain. MG132-treated cells were used as apoptotic control cells. After infection, the type of cell death was analyzed by using microscopy, LDH release and flow cytometry. As a proinflammatory mediator, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), was measured. Cathepsin B activity was also measured and the inhibitory effects of cathepsin B on LPN-induced cell death were analyzed. RESULTS THP-1 cells after treatment with high dose of LPN showed necrotic features with releasing HMGB-1. This necrosis and the HMGB-1 release were inhibited by a specific lysosomal cathepsin B inhibitor and were characterized by a rapid and high activation of cathepsin B that was not observed in apoptotic control cells. The necrosis was also accompanied by cathepsin B-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that L. pneumophila rapidly induces cathepsin B-dependent necrosis in a dose-dependent manner and releases a proinflammatory mediator, HMGB-1, from macrophages. This report describes a novel aspect of the pathogenesis of Legionnaires' disease and provides a possible therapeutic target for the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Yamada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
- Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
| | - Shimeru Kamihira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 851-2128, Japan
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Yamashima T, Oikawa S. The role of lysosomal rupture in neuronal death. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89:343-58. [PMID: 19772886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis research in the past two decades has provided an enormous insight into its role in regulating cell death. However, apoptosis is only part of the story, and inhibition of neuronal necrosis may have greater impact than apoptosis, on the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Since the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" was first formulated, the calpain- and cathepsin-mediated regulation of necrotic cascades observed in monkeys, has been demonstrated to be a common neuronal death mechanism occurring from simpler organisms to humans. However, the detailed mechanism inducing lysosomal destabilization still remains poorly understood. Heat-shock protein-70 (Hsp70) is known to stabilize lysosomal membrane and protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptotic stimuli in many cell death pathways. Recent proteomics approach comparing pre- and post-ischemic hippocampal CA1 neurons as well as normal and glaucoma-suffered retina of primates, suggested that the substrate protein upon which activated calpain acts at the lysosomal membrane of neurons might be Hsp70. Understanding the interaction between activated calpains and Hsp70 will help to unravel the mechanism that destabilizes the lysosomal membrane, and will provide new insights into clarifying the whole cascade of neuronal necrosis. Although available evidence is circumferential, it is hypothesized that activated calpain cleaves oxidative stress-induced carbonylated Hsp70.1 (a major human Hsp70) at the lysosomal membrane, which result in lysosomal rupture/permeabilization. This review aims at highlighting the possible mechanism of lysosomal rupture in neuronal death by a modified "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis". As the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway is a target of oxidative stress, the implication of autophagy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Restorative Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Sancho-Pelluz J, Arango-Gonzalez B, Kustermann S, Romero FJ, van Veen T, Zrenner E, Ekström P, Paquet-Durand F. Photoreceptor cell death mechanisms in inherited retinal degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 38:253-69. [PMID: 18982459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is the major hallmark of a group of human inherited retinal degenerations commonly referred to as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the causative genetic mutations are often known, the mechanisms leading to photoreceptor degeneration remain poorly defined. Previous research work has focused on apoptosis, but recent evidence suggests that photoreceptor cell death may result primarily from non-apoptotic mechanisms independently of AP1 or p53 transcription factor activity, Bcl proteins, caspases, or cytochrome c release. This review briefly describes some animal models used for studies of retinal degeneration, with particular focus on the rd1 mouse. After outlining the major features of different cell death mechanisms in general, we then compare them with results obtained in retinal degeneration models, where photoreceptor cell death appears to be governed by, among other things, changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism, downregulation of the transcription factor CREB, and excessive activation of calpain and PARP. Based on recent experimental evidence, we propose a putative non-apoptotic molecular pathway for photoreceptor cell death in the rd1 retina. The notion that inherited photoreceptor cell death is driven by non-apoptotic mechanisms may provide new ideas for future treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Centre for Ophthalmology, Röntgenweg 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Guttmann R. Recent developments in the therapeutic targeting of calpains in neurodegeneration. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.10.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or glaucoma are a major cause of blindness in humans. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the various types of retinal degeneration is a pre-requisite for the development of rational therapies for these diseases. Activation of the calcium dependent protease, calpain, has been suggested to play an important role in cell death in various neuronal tissues including the retina. Improved detection and analysis of calpain activity during degenerative processes is likely to expand the list of pathological conditions with calpain involvement. We give a short overview of the methods available for the detection of calpain activity, and briefly discuss properties of calpain inhibitors. We then discuss the role of calpains in different cell death mechanisms and review existing work on retinal degeneration and the possible involvement of calpains therein. The implication of calpains in retinal cell death raises the possibility to use calpain inhibitors to prevent or delay retinal degeneration.
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Yamashima T, Tonchev AB, Borlongan CV. Differential response to ischemia in adjacent hippocampalsectors: neuronal death in CA1versus neurogenesis in dentate gyrus. Biotechnol J 2007; 2:596-607. [PMID: 17345578 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two hippocampal sectors show distinct responses to transient ischemia: the cornu Ammonis (CA)1 sector undergoes a delayed neuronal death followed by a lack of neuronal generation, while the dentate gyrus (DG) shows slight postischemic damage followed by an increased neurogenesis. Using the monkey experimental paradigm of transient whole brain global ischemia, the 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis' was formulated in 1998. This hypothesis proposes that following ischemia calpain compromises the integrity of lysosomal membrane, causing a leakage of degrading hydrolytic enzymes--cathepsins--into the cytoplasm. Ischemia induces Ca(2+) mobilization, calpain activation, lysosomal membrane disruption, and cathepsin release, which all occur specifically in the CA1 sector and cause neuronal death. In the postischemic DG, a vascular niche has been implicated in adult neurogenesis, in that adventitial cells of the DG microvascular environment provoke postischemic up-reguation of neurogenesis with the aid of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule. In parallel, Down's syndrome cell adhesion molecule has recently been shown to be expressed specifically in the neural progenitor cells of DG. In this review, we focus on the monkey experimental paradigm to reveal the remarkable contrasts between CA1 and DG in response to the ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Restorative Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Wang J, Pignol B, Chabrier PE, Saido T, Lloyd R, Tang Y, Lenoir M, Puel JL. A novel dual inhibitor of calpains and lipid peroxidation (BN82270) rescues the cochlea from sound trauma. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1426-37. [PMID: 17449343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Free radical and calcium buffering mechanisms are implicated in cochlear cell damage that has been induced by sound trauma. Thus in this study we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a novel dual inhibitor of calpains and of lipid peroxidation (BN 82270) on the permanent hearing and hair cell loss induced by sound trauma. Perfusion of BN 82270 into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea prevented the formation of calpain-cleaved fodrin, translocation of cytochrome c, DNA fragmentation and hair cell degeneration caused by sound trauma. This was confirmed by functional tests in vivo, showing a clear dose-dependent reduction of permanent hearing loss (ED50 = 4.07 microM) with almost complete protection at 100 microM. Furthermore, BN82270 still remained effective even when applied onto the round window membrane after sound trauma had occurred, within a therapeutic window of 24 h. This indicates that BN 82270 may be of potential therapeutic value in treating the cochlea after sound trauma.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Action Potentials/physiology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cochlea/enzymology
- Cochlea/injuries
- Cochlea/pathology
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Electrophysiology
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/prevention & control
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Round Window, Ear/pathology
- Tympanic Membrane/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM U583, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Déficits Sensoriels et Moteurs, Montpellier, France
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Erratum. J Neurochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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