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Orosz F. The Role of Tubulin Polymerization-Promoting Protein2 (TPPP2) in Spermatogenesis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7017. [PMID: 39000129 PMCID: PMC11241133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein2 (TPPP2) is one of the three paralogs of mammalian TPPP proteins. Its possible role in spermatogenesis is described in this narrative review. TPPP2 is expressed specifically in the male reproductive system, mainly in testes and sperm, and also in the epididymis. In testes, TPPP2 is exclusively expressed in elongating spermatids; in the epididymis, it is located in the middle piece of the sperm tail. TPPP2 is involved in spermiogenesis, in steps which are determinative for the formation and morphology of spermatids. The inhibition of TPPP2 decreases sperm motility (the curvilinear velocity of sperms), probably due to influencing mitochondrial energy production since TPPP2 knockout mice possess an impaired mitochondrial structure. There are data on the role of TPPP2 in various mammalian species: human, mouse, swine, and various ruminants; there is a significant homology among TPPP2s from different species. Experiments with Tppp2-/--mice show that the absence of TPPP2 results in decreased sperm count and serious dysfunction of sperm, including decreased motility; however, the in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction are not influenced. The symptoms show that Tppp2-/--mice may be considered as a model for oligoasthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Implication of the Association of Fibrinogen Citrullination and Osteoclastogenesis in Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122720. [PMID: 33419308 PMCID: PMC7766778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune complexes containing citrullinated fibrinogen are present in the sera and synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients and potentially contribute to synovitis. However, fibrinogen can inhibit the osteoclastogenesis of precursor cells. We investigated the direct effect of citrullinated fibrinogen on osteoclastogenesis to understand the role of citrullination on bone erosion of rheumatoid arthritis patients. We evaluated the fibrinogen citrullination sites using mass spectrometry and quantified osteoclast-related protein and gene expression levels by Western blotting, microarray, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in spectral peaks were noted between fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen at five sites in α-chains, two sites in β-chains, and one site in a γ-chain. Transcriptome changes induced by fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen were identified and differentially expressed genes grouped into three distinctive modules. Fibrinogen was then citrullinated in vitro using peptidylarginine deiminase. When increasing doses of soluble fibrinogen and citrullinated fibrinogen were applied to human CD14+ monocytes, citrullination restored osteoclastogenesis-associated changes, including NF-ATc1 and ß3-integrin. Finally, citrullination rescued the number of osteoclasts by restoring fibrinogen-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, the results indicate that the inhibitory function of fibrinogen on osteoclastogenesis is reversed by citrullination and suggest that citrullinated fibrinogen may contribute to erosive bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szunyogh S, Szénási T, Orosz F, Ovádi J. Microtubule-Associated Proteins with Regulatory Functions by Day and Pathological Potency at Night. Cells 2020; 9:E357. [PMID: 32033023 PMCID: PMC7072251 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing, integrating, and coordinating features of the eukaryotic cells are achieved by the complex ultrastructural arrays and multifarious functions of the cytoskeleton, including the microtubule network. Microtubules play crucial roles achieved by their decoration with proteins/enzymes as well as by posttranslational modifications. This review focuses on the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25), a new microtubule associated protein, on its "regulatory functions by day and pathological functions at night". Physiologically, the moonlighting TPPP/p25 modulates the dynamics and stability of the microtubule network by bundling microtubules and enhancing the tubulin acetylation due to the inhibition of tubulin deacetylases. The optimal endogenous TPPP/p25 level is crucial for its physiological functions, to the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, which are the major constituents of the myelin sheath. Pathologically, TPPP/p25 forms toxic oligomers/aggregates with α-synuclein in neurons and oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy, respectively; and their complex is a potential therapeutic drug target. TPPP/p25-derived microtubule hyperacetylation counteracts uncontrolled cell division. All these issues reveal the anti-mitotic and α-synuclein aggregation-promoting potency of TPPP/p25, consistent with the finding that Parkinson's disease patients have reduced risk for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (A.L.); (S.S.); (T.S.); (F.O.)
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4
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Fert-Bober J, Darrah E, Andrade F. Insights into the study and origin of the citrullinome in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2019; 294:133-147. [PMID: 31876028 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells to citrullinated proteins and citrullinating enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), together with the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid joints, provides substantial evidence that dysregulated citrullination is a hallmark feature of RA. However, understanding mechanisms that dysregulate citrullination in RA has important challenges. Citrullination is a normal process in immune and non-immune cells, which is likely activated by different conditions (eg, inflammation) with no pathogenic consequences. In a complex inflammatory environment such as the RA joint, unique strategies are therefore required to dissect specific mechanisms involved in the abnormal production of citrullinated proteins. Here, we will review current models of citrullination in RA and discuss critical components that, in our view, are relevant to understanding the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the RA joint, collectively referred to as the RA citrullinome. In particular, we will focus on potential caveats in the study of citrullination in RA and will highlight methods to precisely detect citrullinated proteins in complex biological samples, which is a confirmatory approach to mechanistically link the RA citrullinome with unique pathogenic pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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5
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Non-targeted and targeted analysis of collagen hydrolysates during the course of digestion and absorption. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:973-982. [PMID: 31872275 PMCID: PMC7005076 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates are an important part of the human diet. Often, they are prepared from milk, soy, or collagen. In the present study, four different collagen hydrolysates were tested, varying in the average molecular weight and the animal source. Three types of samples, the dissolved start products, in vitro generated dialysates (containing the digested components that are potentially available for small intestinal absorption), and human serum collected after product ingestion, were analyzed using LC-MS to compare the state of the hydrolysates before and after absorption, i.e., uptake into the blood. It was found that the composition of the collagen hydrolysates prior to and after ingestion was highly complex and dynamic, which made it challenging to predefine a strategy for a targeted analysis. Therefore, we implemented a new analytical approach to first map hydrolysate data sets by performing non-targeted LC-MS analysis followed by non-targeted and targeted data analysis. It was shown that the insight gained by following such a top down (data) analytical workflow could be crucial for defining a suitable targeted setup and considering data trends beyond the defined targets. After having defined and performed a limited targeted analysis, it was found that, in our experimental setup, Hyp-Gly and especially Pro-Hyp contributed significantly as carrier to the total Hyp increase in blood after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Mino RE, Rogers SL, Risinger AL, Rohena C, Banerjee S, Bhat MA. Drosophila Ringmaker regulates microtubule stabilization and axonal extension during embryonic development. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3282-94. [PMID: 27422099 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth and targeting are fundamental to the organization of the nervous system, and require active engagement of the cytoskeleton. Polymerization and stabilization of axonal microtubules is central to axonal growth and maturation of neuronal connectivity. Studies have suggested that members of the tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP, also known as P25α) family are involved in cellular process extension. However, no in vivo knockout data exists regarding its role in axonal growth during development. Here, we report the characterization of Ringmaker (Ringer; CG45057), the only Drosophila homolog of long p25α proteins. Immunohistochemical analyses indicate that Ringer expression is dynamically regulated in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). ringer-null mutants show cell misplacement, and errors in axonal extension and targeting. Ultrastructural examination of ringer mutants revealed defective microtubule morphology and organization. Primary neuronal cultures of ringer mutants exhibit defective axonal extension, and Ringer expression in cells induced microtubule stabilization and bundling into rings. In vitro assays showed that Ringer directly affects tubulin, and promotes microtubule bundling and polymerization. Together, our studies uncover an essential function of Ringer in axonal extension and targeting through proper microtubule organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Mino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Swati Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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7
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Chicooree N, Unwin RD, Griffiths JR. The application of targeted mass spectrometry-based strategies to the detection and localization of post-translational modifications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:595-626. [PMID: 24737647 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review describes some of the more interesting and imaginative ways in which mass spectrometry has been utilized to study a number of important post-translational modifications over the past two decades; from circa 1990 to 2013. A diverse range of modifications is covered, including citrullination, sulfation, hydroxylation and sumoylation. A summary of the biological role of each modification described, along with some brief mechanistic detail, is also included. Emphasis has been placed on strategies specifically aimed at detecting target modifications, as opposed to more serendipitous modification discovery approaches, which rely upon straightforward product ion scanning methods. The authors have intentionally excluded from this review both phosphorylation and glycosylation since these major modifications have been extensively reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Chicooree
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9SU, UK
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John R Griffiths
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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8
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry identification of peptide citrullination site using Br signature. Anal Biochem 2013; 437:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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De Ceuleneer M, Van Steendam K, Dhaenens M, Elewaut D, Deforce D. Quantification of Citrullination by Means of Skewed Isotope Distribution Pattern. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5245-51. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3004453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maarten, Dhaenens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
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10
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De Ceuleneer M, Van Steendam K, Dhaenens M, Deforce D. In vivo relevance of citrullinated proteins and the challenges in their detection. Proteomics 2012; 12:752-60. [PMID: 22318877 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is a posttranslational modification of arginine. It plays both a physiological role, for instance during apoptosis and epigenetics, and a pathological role in cancer or diseases of the central nervous system. Most research on citrullination to date focuses on its role in auto-immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this context, the exact knowledge of citrullination sites in a protein can provide invaluable information about the etiological importance of these citrullinated proteins. However, few techniques exist that can accurately detect citrullination on the peptide level. This review aims to give an overview of the different methods available to date for the detection of citrullinated proteins and peptides. These include 2D-SDS-PAGE and immunodetection, as well as specific mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, both labeled and unlabeled. These MS approaches have been developed to pinpoint the exact location of citrullination on the peptide level. Improving the currently existing detection strategies while focusing on the role of citrullinated proteins will be invaluable to elucidate the importance of this posttranslational modification in vivo.
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11
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Multiple Roles of Heparin in the Aggregation of p25α. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:601-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Fjorback AW, Sundbye S, Dächsel JC, Sinning S, Wiborg O, Jensen PH. P25α / TPPP expression increases plasma membrane presentation of the dopamine transporter and enhances cellular sensitivity to dopamine toxicity. FEBS J 2010; 278:493-505. [PMID: 21182589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by preferential degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons of the brain stem substantia nigra. Imbalances between mechanisms governing dopamine transport across the plasma membrane and cellular storage vesicles increase the level of toxic pro-oxidative cytosolic dopamine. The microtubule-stabilizing protein p25α accumulates in dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that p25α modulates the subcellular localization of the dopamine transporter via effects on sorting vesicles, and thereby indirectly affects its cellular activity. Here we show that co-expression of the dopamine transporter with p25α in HEK-293-MSR cells increases dopamine uptake via increased plasma membrane presentation of the transporter. No direct interaction between p25α and the dopamine transporter was demonstrated, but they co-fractionated during subcellular fractionation of brain tissue from striatum, and direct binding of p25α peptides to brain vesicles was demonstrated. Truncations of the p25α peptide revealed that the requirement for stimulating dopamine uptake is located in the central core and were similar to those required for vesicle binding. Co-expression of p25α and the dopamine transporter in HEK-293-MSR cells sensitized them to the toxicity of extracellular dopamine. Neuronal expression of p25α thus holds the potential to sensitize the cells toward dopamine and toxins carried by the dopamine transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja W Fjorback
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP) ortholog from Suberites domuncula and comparative analysis of TPPP/p25 gene family. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ovádi J, Orosz F. An unstructured protein with destructive potential: TPPP/p25 in neurodegeneration. Bioessays 2009; 31:676-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Orosz F, Lehotzky A, Oláh J, Ovádi J. TPPP/p25: A New Unstructured Protein Hallmarking Synucleinopathies. PROTEIN FOLDING AND MISFOLDING: NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9434-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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