1
|
Guo J, Li R, Ouyang Z, Tang J, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Zhu G. Insights into the mechanism of transcription factors in Pb 2+-induced apoptosis. Toxicology 2024; 503:153760. [PMID: 38387706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb2+, are increasingly concerning the public. Pb2+ can cause significant harm to the human body through oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and DNA damage, disrupting cellular homeostasis and ultimately leading to cell death. Among these mechanisms, apoptosis is considered crucial. It has been confirmed that transcription factors play a central role as mediators during the apoptosis process. Interestingly, these transcription factors have different effects on apoptosis depending on the concentration and duration of Pb2+ exposure. In this article, we systematically summarize the significant roles of several transcription factors in Pb2+-induced apoptosis. This information provides insights into therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers for diseases related to Pb2+ exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchong Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruikang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhuqing Ouyang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiawen Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Zhang A, Fang C, Yuan L, Shao A, Xu Y, Zhou D. Oxidative stress in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: Affecting the tumor microenvironment and becoming a new target for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor therapy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:2744-2759. [PMID: 37341156 PMCID: PMC10493678 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs), or pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), are commonly found in the anterior pituitary gland. Although the majority of PitNETs are benign and stable, several tumors have malignant characteristics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis and is composed of several types of cells. Various cells in the TME are significantly affected by oxidative stress. It has been reported that immunotherapeutic strategies have good effects in several cancers. However, the clinical potential of immunotherapies in PitNETs has not yet been fully discussed. Oxidative stress can regulate PitNET cells and immune cells in the TME, thus affecting the immune status of the TME of PitNETs. Therefore, modulation of oxidative stress-regulated immune cells using a combination of several agents and the immune system to suppress PitNETs is a promising therapeutic direction. In this review, we systematically analyzed the oxidative stress process within PitNET cells and various immune cells to elucidate the potential value of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
- Health Management CenterTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chaoyou Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Public Health, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, School of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danyang Zhou
- Health Management CenterTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang H, Yu J, Yan Z, Lin Z, Lin M, Mao Y, Hong Z, Lin J, Xue X, Pan X. Pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by Taxifolin remodels articular cartilage microenvironment for the therapy of Osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110587. [PMID: 37399606 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely prevalent degenerative disease marked by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Taxifolin (TAX) is a natural antioxidant possessing various pharmacological benefits, such as combating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and serves as a potential chemopreventive agent by regulating genes through an antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent mechanism. Currently, no studies have investigated the therapeutic impact and precise mechanism of TAX on OA. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine the potential role and mechanism of TAX in reshaping the cartilage microenvironment, thereby offering a stronger theoretical foundation for pharmacologically activating the Nrf2 pathway to manage OA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The pharmacological effects of TAX were examined in chondrocytes through in vitro studies and in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) rat model for in vivo analysis. RESULTS TAX suppresses IL-1β triggered secretion of inflammatory agents, chondrocyte apoptosis, and ECM degradation, contributing to the remodeling of the cartilage microenvironment. In vivo experiment results demonstrated that TAX counteracted cartilage degeneration induced by DMM in rats. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TAX hinders OA development by reducing NF-κB activation and ROS production through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. CONCLUSION TAX reshapes the articular cartilage microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and decreasing ECM degradation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. As a result, pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by TAX holds potential clinical significance in remodeling the joint microenvironment for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongnan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghao Lin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zechao Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acute Methylglyoxal-Induced Damage in Blood-Brain Barrier and Hippocampal Tissue. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1337-1347. [PMID: 36057040 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound formed mostly via the glycolytic pathway. Elevated blood glucose levels can cause MG accumulation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Under these disease conditions, the high reactivity of MG leads to modification of proteins and other biomolecules, generating advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are considered mediators in neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte response in the hippocampus to acute insult induced by MG when it was intracerebroventricularly administered to rats. Seventy-two hours later, BBB integrity was lost, as assessed by the entry of Evans dye into the brain tissue and albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid, and a decrease in aquaporin-4 and connexin-43 in the hippocampal tissue. MG did not induce changes in the hippocampal contents of RAGE in this short interval, but decreased the expression of S100B, an astrocyte-secreted protein that binds RAGE. The expression of two important transcription factors of the antioxidant response, NF-κB and Nrf2, was unchanged. However, hemeoxigenase-1 was upregulated in the MG-treated group. These data corroborate the idea that hippocampal cells are targets of MG toxicity and that BBB dysfunction and specific glial alterations induced by this compound may contribute to the behavioral and cognitive alterations observed in these animals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pinches JL, Pinches YL, Johnson JO, Haddad NC, Boueri MG, Oke LM, Haddad GE. Could “Cellular Exercise” be the Missing Ingredient in a Healthy Life? Diets, Caloric Restriction and Exercise-Induced Hormesis. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Sesamin Protects against and Ameliorates Rat Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury with Involvement of Activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5147069. [PMID: 34630849 PMCID: PMC8494576 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5147069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) may induce cell/tissue injuries, leading to multiple organ failure. Based on our preexperiments, we proposed that sesamin could protect against and ameliorate intestinal I/R injuries and related disorders with involvement of activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. This proposal was evaluated using SD intestinal I/R injury rats in vivo and hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) injured rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) in vitro. Sesamin significantly alleviated I/R-induced intestinal histopathological injuries and significantly reduced serum biochemical indicators ALT and AST, alleviating I/R-induced intestinal injury in rats. Sesamin also significantly reversed I/R-increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MPO activity in serum and MDA in tissues and I/R-decreased GSH in tissues and SOD in both tissues and IEC-6 cells, indicating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Further, sesamin significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated the increased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, upregulated the decreased protein expression of Bcl-2 in I/R-injured intestinal tissues, and significantly reversed H/R-reduced IEC-6 cell viability as well as reduced the number of apoptotic cells among H/R-injured IEC-6 cell, showing antiapoptotic effects. Activation of Nrf2 is known to ameliorate tissue/cell injuries. Consistent with sesamin-induced ameliorations of both intestinal I/R injuries and H/R injuries, transfection of Nrf2 cDNA significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, respectively. On the contrary, either Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) or Nrf2 siRNA transfection significantly decreased the expression of these proteins. Our results suggest that activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway is involved in sesamin-induced anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects in protection against and amelioration of intestinal I/R injuries.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bekker M, Abrahams S, Loos B, Bardien S. Can the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis be targeted as a novel therapy for Parkinson's disease? Neurobiol Aging 2020; 100:91-105. [PMID: 33516928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of efficacious treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) demands an improved understanding of mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Two cellular death pathways postulated to play key roles in PD are autophagy and apoptosis. Molecular overlap between these pathways was investigated through identifying studies that used therapeutic compounds to alter expression of specific molecular components of the pathways. Bcl-2 was identified as an important protein with the ability to suppress autophagy and apoptosis through inhibiting Beclin-1 and Bax, respectively. Involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38, was evident in the activation of apoptosis through increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. JNK-mediated phosphorylation also suppresses the inhibiting functions of Bcl-2, indicating an ability to induce not only apoptosis but also autophagy. Additionally, a p38-mediated increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression inhibits apoptosis. Moreover, besides inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin, Akt is associated with decreased Bax expression, thereby acting as both an autophagy inducer and apoptosis inhibitor. Ultimately, manipulation of molecular components involved in autophagy and apoptosis regulation could be targeted as possible therapies for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minke Bekker
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shameemah Abrahams
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Iorio EL, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Gandolfi S, Izzotti A. Molecular changes in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. Correlations with retinal ganglion cell death and novel strategies for neuroprotection. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:151-188. [PMID: 32958211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. Although significant advances in ophthalmologic knowledge and practice have been made, some glaucoma mechanisms are not yet understood, therefore, up to now there is no effective treatment able to ensure healing. Indeed, either pharmacological or surgical approaches to this disease aim in lowering intraocular pressure, which is considered the only modifiable risk factor. However, it is well known that several factors and metabolites are equally (if not more) involved in glaucoma. Oxidative stress, for instance, plays a pivotal role in both glaucoma onset and progression because it is responsible for the trabecular meshwork cell damage and, consequently, for intraocular pressure increase as well as for glaucomatous damage cascade. This review at first shows accurately the molecular-derived dysfunctions in antioxidant system and in mitochondria homeostasis which due to both oxidative stress and aging, lead to a chronic inflammation state, the trabecular meshwork damage as well as the glaucoma neurodegeneration. Therefore, the main molecular events triggered by oxidative stress up to the proapoptotic signals that promote the ganglion cell death have been highlighted. The second part of this review, instead, describes some of neuroprotective agents such as polyphenols or polyunsaturated fatty acids as possible therapeutic source against the propagation of glaucomatous damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Saccà
- Policlinico San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and sense organs, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Communication between and within communities of cells or independent organisms is a crucial prerequisite for species survival. In response to variations in the extracellular environment, the collective behavior of cell populations can be coordinated by regulating community-level gene expression. This mechanism is strongly conserved during evolution, being shared both by bacterial communities and central nervous system cells. Notably, cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are molecules that are implicated in these quorum sensing behaviors in both settings. Bacteria coordinate their collective behavior by producing CDPs (quorum sensing inducers) that enhance the capacity of individual members of the community to detect these signals and thus amplify the community-level response. In this review, we highlight recent data indicating that strikingly similar molecular mechanisms control communications between glial and neuronal cells to maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system, with a specific focus on the role of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone—derived CDP cyclo(His-Pro) in the protection against neurotoxic insults.
Collapse
|
10
|
Grottelli S, Mezzasoma L, Scarpelli P, Cacciatore I, Cellini B, Bellezza I. Cyclo(His-Pro) inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome cascade in ALS microglial cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 94:23-31. [PMID: 30439413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, i.e. self-propelling progressive cycle of microglial activation and neuron damage, as well as improper protein folding, are recognized as major culprits of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in several proteins have been linked to ALS pathogenesis, including the G93A mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) enzyme. SOD1(G93A) mutant is prone to aggregate thus inducing both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this study we used hSOD1(G93A) microglial cells to investigate the effects of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cyclic dipeptide (His-Pro) on LPS-induced inflammasome activation. We found that cyclo(His-Pro) inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing protein nitration via reduction in NO and ROS levels, indicative of lower peroxynitrite generation by LPS. Low levels in peroxynitrite are related to NF-κB inhibition responsible for iNOS down-regulation and NO dampening. On the other hand, cyclo(His-Pro)-mediated ROS attenuation, not linked to Nrf2 activation in this cellular model, is ascribed to increased soluble SOD1 activity due to the up-regulation of Hsp70 and Hsp27 expression. Conclusively, our results, besides corroborating the anti-inflammatory properties of cyclo(His-Pro), highlight a novel role of the cyclic dipeptide as a proteostasis regulator, and therefore a good candidate for the treatment of ALS and other misfolding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Mezzasoma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu S, Yang L, Mu S, Fu Q. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis of Rats in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 29867459 PMCID: PMC5954082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged administration of overdoses of glucocorticoids results in increased bone remodeling, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), which is primarily due to the dysfunction and apoptosis of osteoblasts. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive catechin in green tea, in high-dose dexamethasone-induced osteoblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The anti-dexamethasone (DEX) effects of EGCG on primary osteoblasts were determined on the basis of cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were also used to evaluate the expression of related biomarkers in vitro, and bone microarchitecture was also extensively examined in a rat model in vivo. Results: The results showed that EGCG pretreatment significantly increased osteoblast viability and ALP and SOD activities when cells were exposed to DEX. Alizarin red staining indicated that there was more mineralization with EGCG pretreatment, countering DEX effects. EGCG reduced DEX-induced reactive oxygen species at both the mitochondrial and cellular levels in osteoblasts by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like-2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, EGCG protected osteoblasts from apoptosis. EGCG also regulated the formation of active glucocorticoid by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, femoral micro-computed tomography scans revealed that EGCG improved bone microstructure and mitigated DEX-induced deterioration of bone quality. Conclusion: These findings suggested that EGCG reversed GIO in rats by protecting osteoblasts by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Liu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Mu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee W, Lee SH, Kim M, Moon JS, Kim GW, Jung HG, Kim IH, Oh JE, Jung HE, Lee HK, Ku KB, Ahn DG, Kim SJ, Kim KS, Oh JW. Vibrio vulnificus quorum-sensing molecule cyclo(Phe-Pro) inhibits RIG-I-mediated antiviral innate immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1606. [PMID: 29686409 PMCID: PMC5913291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen-derived ligands by pattern recognition receptors activates the innate immune response, but the potential interaction of quorum-sensing (QS) signaling molecules with host anti-viral defenses remains largely unknown. Here we show that the Vibrio vulnificus QS molecule cyclo(Phe-Pro) (cFP) inhibits interferon (IFN)-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. Binding of cFP to the RIG-I 2CARD domain induces a conformational change in RIG-I, preventing the TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination to abrogate IFN production. cFP enhances susceptibility to hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as Sendai and influenza viruses, each known to be sensed by RIG-I but did not affect the melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-recognition of norovirus. Our results reveal an inter-kingdom network between bacteria, viruses and host that dysregulates host innate responses via a microbial quorum-sensing molecule modulating the response to viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wooseong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Geon-Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hae-Gwang Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - In Hwang Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hi Eun Jung
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Dae-Gyun Ahn
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Kun-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:721-733. [PMID: 29499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 955] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic Keap1 and targeted to proteasomal degradation in basal conditions, in case of oxidative stress Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with one of the small Maf proteins. The heterodimers recognize the AREs, that are enhancer sequences present in the regulatory regions of Nrf2 target genes, essential for the recruitment of key factors for transcription. In the present review we briefly introduce the Nrf2-Keap1 system and describe Nrf2 functions, illustrate the Nrf2-NF-κB cross-talk, and highlight the effects of the Nrf2-Keap1 system in the physiology and pathophysiology of striated muscle tissue taking into account its role(s) in oxidative stress and reductive stress.
Collapse
|
14
|
Martiskainen H, Paldanius KMA, Natunen T, Takalo M, Marttinen M, Leskelä S, Huber N, Mäkinen P, Bertling E, Dhungana H, Huuskonen M, Honkakoski P, Hotulainen P, Rilla K, Koistinaho J, Soininen H, Malm T, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M. DHCR24 exerts neuroprotection upon inflammation-induced neuronal death. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:215. [PMID: 29115990 PMCID: PMC5678793 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHCR24, involved in the de novo synthesis of cholesterol and protection of neuronal cells against different stress conditions, has been shown to be selectively downregulated in neurons of the affected brain areas in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Here, we investigated whether the overexpression of DHCR24 protects neurons against inflammation-induced neuronal death using co-cultures of mouse embryonic primary cortical neurons and BV2 microglial cells upon acute neuroinflammation. Moreover, the effects of DHCR24 overexpression on dendritic spine density and morphology in cultured mature mouse hippocampal neurons and on the outcome measures of ischemia-induced brain damage in vivo in mice were assessed. RESULTS Overexpression of DHCR24 reduced the loss of neurons under inflammation elicited by LPS and IFN-γ treatment in co-cultures of mouse neurons and BV2 microglial cells but did not affect the production of neuroinflammatory mediators, total cellular cholesterol levels, or the activity of proteins linked with neuroprotective signaling. Conversely, the levels of post-synaptic cell adhesion protein neuroligin-1 were significantly increased upon the overexpression of DHCR24 in basal growth conditions. Augmentation of DHCR24 also increased the total number of dendritic spines and the proportion of mushroom spines in mature mouse hippocampal neurons. In vivo, overexpression of DHCR24 in striatum reduced the lesion size measured by MRI in a mouse model of transient focal ischemia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the augmentation of DHCR24 levels provides neuroprotection in acute stress conditions, which lead to neuronal loss in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Martiskainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa M A Paldanius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stina Leskelä
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Enni Bertling
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grottelli S, Ferrari I, Pietrini G, Peirce MJ, Minelli A, Bellezza I. The Role of Cyclo(His-Pro) in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1332. [PMID: 27529240 PMCID: PMC5000729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases may have distinct genetic etiologies and pathological manifestations, yet share common cellular mechanisms underpinning neuronal damage and dysfunction. These cellular mechanisms include excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, oxidative damage, ER stress and neuroinflammation. Recent data have identified a dual role in these events for glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, which are able both to induce and to protect against damage induced by diverse stresses. Cyclo(His-Pro), a cyclic dipeptide derived from the hydrolytic removal of the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue of the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, may be important in regulating the nature of the glial cell contribution. Cyclo(His-Pro) is ubiquitous in the central nervous system and is a key substrate of organic cation transporters, which are strongly linked to neuroprotection. The cyclic dipeptide can also cross the brain-blood-barrier and, once in the brain, can affect diverse inflammatory and stress responses by modifying the Nrf2-NF-κB signaling axis. For these reasons, cyclo(His-Pro) has striking potential for therapeutic application by both parenteral and oral administration routes and may represent an important new tool in counteracting neuroinflammation-based degenerative pathologies. In this review, we discuss the chemistry and biology of cyclo(His-Pro), how it may interact with the biological mechanisms driving neurodegenerative disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and thereby act to preserve or restore neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grottelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano ed Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Grazia Pietrini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano ed Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu T, Wei G, Xi M, Yan J, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Wen A. Synergistic cardioprotective effects of Danshensu and hydroxysafflor yellow A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury are mediated through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:83-94. [PMID: 27176815 PMCID: PMC4899007 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius L., are usually prescribed in combination due to their significant cardioprotective effects. However, the mechanisms responsible for these combined effects remain unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the combined effects of Danshensu (DSS) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) by establishing a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R), as well as a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) using H9c2 cells. The combination index (CI) was calculated using the median-effect method. DSS and HSYA in combination led to a CI value of <1 as regards infarct size in vivo and cell viability in vitro. The rats with MI/R injury that were treated with DSS and/or HSYA were found to have significantly lower levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and a lower expressoin of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and markedly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Our in vitro experiments revealed that the cells treated with DSS and/or HSYA had a reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and a decreased percentage of cell apoptosis (increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3). DSS and HSYA increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the phosphorylation of Akt and the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the Akt inhibitor, LY294002, partially hampered the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. The HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP‑IX), did not decrease the expression of p-Akt and Nrf2, although it abolished the anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of DSS and HSYA. The findings of our study thus demonstrate that DSS and HSYA confer synergistic cardioprotective effects through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, to certain extent, by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and exerting anti-apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi EM, Suh KS, Kim YJ, Hong SM, Park SY, Chon S. Glabridin Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Methylglyoxal on Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells by Increasing Expression of the Glyoxalase System and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Protecting Mitochondrial Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:226-235. [PMID: 26670935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) contributes to the pathogenesis of age- and diabetes-associated complications. The present study investigated the effects of glabridin on MG-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with glabridin in the presence of MG, and markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative damage were examined. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin prevented MG-induced cell death, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxides, cardiolipin peroxidation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs)/RAGE ratio increased upon MG treatment, but less so after pretreatment with glabridin, which also increased the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of glyoxalase I and heme oxygenase-1, all of which were reduced by MG. In addition, glabridin elevated the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. These findings suggest that glabridin protects against MG-induced cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing MG detoxification. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin reduced MG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the nitric oxide level significantly increased upon glabridin pretreatment. Together, these data show that glabridin may potentially serve to prevent the development of diabetic bone disease associated with MG-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yong Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bellezza I, Peirce MJ, Minelli A. Cyclic dipeptides: from bugs to brain. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:551-8. [PMID: 25217340 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are a group of hormone-like molecules that are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. In bacteria, CDPs are used in quorum sensing (QS) to communicate information about population size and to regulate a behavioural switch from symbiosis with their host to virulence. In mammals, CDPs have been shown to act on glial cells (macrophage-like cells) to control a conceptually homologous behavioural switch between homeostatic and inflammatory modes, with implications for the control of neurodegenerative disease. Here we argue that, because of their capacity to regulate inflammation via glial cells and induce a protective response in neuronal cells, CDPs have potential therapeutic utility in an array of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Experimental Medicine Department, Polo Unico S. Andrea delle Fratte, University of Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Experimental Medicine Department, Polo Unico S. Andrea delle Fratte, University of Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Experimental Medicine Department, Polo Unico S. Andrea delle Fratte, University of Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang G, Hu Y, Liu L, Cai J, Peng C, Li Q. Gastrodin protects against MPP(+)-induced oxidative stress by up regulates heme oxygenase-1 expression through p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in human dopaminergic cells. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:79-88. [PMID: 24932697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, increasing evidence has shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in its pathogenesis and that of other neurodegenerative disorders. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin, a main constituent of a Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume, has been known to display antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of gastrodin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and the underlying mechanism for this neuroprotection. Results indicate that pre-treatment with gastrodin for 1h significantly reduced the MPP(+)-induced viability loss, apoptotic rate and attenuated MPP(+)-mediated ROS production. In addition, gastrodin inhibited MPP(+)-induced lowered membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, we have revealed the gastrodin increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which is upstream of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and for the first time revealed gastrodin could increased antioxidant enzyme HO-1 expression in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners. HO-1 siRNA transfection was employed, and confirmed gastrodin could active the expression of HO-1. And the increase in HO-1 expression was correlated with the protective effect of gastrodin against MPP(+)-induced injury. Because the inhibitor of HO-1 activity, ZnPP reversed the protective effect of gastrodin against MPP(+)-induced cell death. We also demonstrated that the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, concentration-dependently blocked on gastrodin-induced HO-1 expression, and meanwhile SB203580 reversed the protective effect of gastrodin against MPP(+)-induced cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that gastrodin can induce HO-1 expression through activation of p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby protecting the SH-SY5Y cells from MPP(+)-induced oxidative cell death. Thus our study indicates that gastrodin has a partial cytoprotective role in dopaminergic cell culture systems and could be of importance for the treatment of PD and other oxidative stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Clinical College in No. 105 Hospital of PLA, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Department of Clinical College in No. 174 Hospital of PLA, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jiali Cai
- Department of Clinical College in No. 174 Hospital of PLA, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye S, Chen M, Jiang Y, Chen M, Zhou T, Wang Y, Hou Z, Ren L. Polyhydroxylated fullerene attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via a fortifying Nrf2-regulated cellular antioxidant defence system. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2073-87. [PMID: 24812508 PMCID: PMC4010637 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerene C60, named fullerenols (C60[OH]n), have stimulated great interest because of their potent antioxidant properties in various chemical and biological systems, which enable them to be used as a new promising pharmaceutical for the future treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, but the details remain unknown. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a principal transcription factor that regulates expression of several antioxidant genes via binding to the antioxidant response element and plays a crucial role in cellular defence against oxidative stress. In this study we investigated whether activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway contributes to the cytoprotective effects of C60(OH)24. Our results showed that C60(OH)24 enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1, and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase in A549 cells. Treatment with C60(OH)24 resulted in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinases. By using inhibitors of cellular kinases, we showed that pretreatment of A549 cells with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and induction of HO-1 protein induced by C60(OH)24, indicating an involvement of p38 MAPK in Nrf2/HO-1 activation by C 60(OH)24. Furthermore, pretreatment with C60(OH)24 attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death in A549 cells, and knockdown of Nrf2 by small interfering ribonucleic acid diminished C60(OH)24-mediated cytoprotection. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that C60(OH)24 may attenuate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via augmentation of Nrf2-regulated cellular antioxidant capacity, thus providing insights into the mechanisms of the antioxidant properties of C60(OH)24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shefang Ye
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqin Jiang
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China ; First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yange Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress regulates HO-1 and GST expression in maneb- and paraquat-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:209-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress are coregulated by cyclo(His-Pro) to prevent LPS neurotoxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:159-69. [PMID: 24699213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress and glial inflammation, all related to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cyclo(His-Pro) is an endogenous cyclic dipeptide that exerts cytoprotection by interfering with the Nrf2-NF-κB systems, the former presiding the antioxidant and the latter the pro-inflammatory cellular response. Here we investigated whether the cyclic dipeptide inhibits glial inflammation thus reducing the detrimental effect of inflammatory neurotoxins on neurons. We found that systemic administration of cyclo(His-Pro) exerts in vivo anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system by down-regulating hepatic and cerebral TNFα expression thereby counteracting LPS-induced gliosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that the cyclic dipeptide-mediated effects are achieved through the activation of Nrf2-driven antioxidant response and the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. Moreover, by up-regulating Bip, cyclo(His-Pro) increases the ER stress sensitivity and triggers the unfolded protein response to alleviate the ER stress. These results unveil a novel potential therapeutic use of cyclo(His-Pro) against neuroinflammatory-related diseases and we might now consider its potential anti-inflammatory role in other neuropathological conditions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Corrigendum. J Neurochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Maslinic acid protects vascular smooth muscle cells from oxidative stress through Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 390:61-7. [PMID: 24553817 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural triterpenoid widely distributed in edible and medicinal plants and has been demonstrated to possess bioactivity. However, its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) has not been explored yet. In this study, we found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was increased in VSMCs treated with MA. Furthermore, MA was found to induce Akt activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Wortmannin suppression of Akt was able to abolish HO-1 upregulation in VSMCs, suggesting the requirement of Akt activation for MA effect on HO-1. Further investigation indicated that Akt activation resulted in the elevated expression of Nrf2, a HO-1 promoter, in MA-treated VMSCs. Finally, we found that MA was able to protect VSMCs from oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Blocking the activation of Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 was able to compromise the protective effect of MA on VSMCs. Collectively, we provided evidence that MA protected VMSCs from oxidative stress through Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bellezza I, Grottelli S, Gatticchi L, Mierla AL, Minelli A. α-Tocopheryl succinate pre-treatment attenuates quinone toxicity in prostate cancer PC3 cells. Gene 2014; 539:1-7. [PMID: 24530478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED α-Tocopheryl succinate is one of the most effective analogues of vitamin E for inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death in a variety of cancerous cell lines while sparing normal cells or tissues. αTocopheryl succinate inhibits oxidative phosphorylation at the level of mitochondrial complexes I and II, thus enhancing reactive oxygen species generation which, in turn, induces the expression of Nrf2-driven antioxidant/detoxifying genes. The cytoprotective role of Nrf2 downstream genes/proteins prompted us to investigate whether and how α-tocopheryl succinate increases resistance of PC3 prostate cancer cells to pro-oxidant damage. A 4h α-tocopheryl succinate pre-treatment increases glutathione intracellular content, indicating that the vitamin E derivative is capable of training the cells to react to an oxidative insult. We found that α-tocopheryl succinate pre-treatment does not enhance paraquat-/hydroquinone-induced cytotoxicity whereas it exhibits an additional/synergistic effect on H₂O₂₋/docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity. While glutathione and heme oxygenase-1 are not involved in α-tocopheryl succinate-induced adaptive response to paraquat, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase seems to be responsible, at least in part, for the lack of the additional response. Silencing the gene and/or the inhibition of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase activity counteracts the α-tocopheryl succinate-induced adaptive response. In conclusion, the adaptive response to α-tocopheryl succinate shows that the activation of Nrf2 can promote the survival of cancer cells in an unfavourable environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Piazzale Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Piazzale Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Gatticchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Piazzale Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Mierla
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Piazzale Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Piazzale Gambuli, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sarajärvi T, Lipsanen A, Mäkinen P, Peräniemi S, Soininen H, Haapasalo A, Jolkkonen J, Hiltunen M. Bepridil decreases Aβ and calcium levels in the thalamus after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2754-67. [PMID: 22805236 PMCID: PMC4118244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral ischaemia share similar features in terms of altered amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. We have previously shown that Aβ and calcium deposition, and β-secretase activity, are robustly increased in the ipsilateral thalamus after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Here, we investigated whether the non-selective calcium channel blocker bepridil, which also inhibits β-secretase cleavage of APP, affects thalamic accumulation of Aβ and calcium and in turn influences functional recovery in rats subjected to MCAO. A 27-day bepridil treatment (50 mg/kg, p.o.) initiated 2 days after MCAO significantly decreased the levels of soluble Aβ40, Aβ42 and calcium in the ipsilateral thalamus, as compared with vehicle-treated MCAO rats. Expression of seladin-1/DHCR24 protein, which is a potential protective factor against neuronal damage, was decreased at both mRNA and protein levels in the ipsilateral thalamus of MCAO rats. Conversely, bepridil treatment restored seladin-1/DHCR24 expression in the ipsilateral thalamus. Bepridil treatment did not significantly affect heme oxygenase-1- or NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1-mediated oxidative stress or inflammatory responses in the ipsilateral thalamus of MCAO rats. Finally, bepridil treatment mitigated MCAO-induced alterations in APP processing in the ipsilateral thalamus and improved contralateral forelimb use in MCAO rats. These findings suggest that bepridil is a plausible therapeutic candidate in AD or stroke owing to its multifunctional role in key cellular events that are relevant for the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sarajärvi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ye Q, Huang B, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Chen X. Astaxanthin protects against MPP(+)-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:156. [PMID: 23272707 PMCID: PMC3541259 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, increasing evidence has shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in its pathogenesis and that of other neurodegenerative disorders. NOX2, a cytochrome subunit of NOX, transports electrons across the plasma membrane to generate ROS, leading to physiological and pathological processes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can be rapidly induced by oxidative stress and other noxious stimuli in the brain or other tissues. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with antioxidant properties, is 100–1000 times more effective than vitamin E. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of ATX on MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Results MPP+ significantly decreased MTT levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Hemin, SnPPIX and ATX didn’t exhibit any cytotoxic effects on PC12 cells. Pretreatment with ATX (5, 10, 20 μM), caused intracellular ROS production in the MPP+ group to decrease by 13.06%, 22.13%, and 27.86%, respectively. MPP+ increased NOX2, NRF2 and HO-1 protein expression compared with control (p < 0.05). Co-treatment with hemin or ATX suppressed NOX2 expression (p < 0.01), and greatly increased NRF2 and HO-1 expression (p < 0.01). MPP+ treatment up-regulated both NOX2 (p < 0.01) and HO-1 (p < 0.01) mRNA levels. Co-treatment with hemin or ATX significantly increased HO-1 mRNA levels (p < 0.01), and decreased NOX2 mRNA levels (p < 0.01). MPP+ increased NOX2 and HO-1 expression with considerable fluorescence extending out from the perinuclear region toward the periphery; this was attenuated by DPI. Co-treatment with hemin or ATX significantly up-regulated HO-1 expression and decreased NOX2 expression with considerable fluorescence intensity (stronger than the control and MPP+ groups). Conclusions ATX suppresses MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis. ATX should be strongly considered as a potential neuroprotectant and adjuvant therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation via HO-1 activation underlies α-tocopheryl succinate toxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Lin HY, Yeh WL, Huang BR, Lin C, Lai CH, Lin H, Lu DY. Desipramine protects neuronal cell death and induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in Mes23.5 dopaminergic neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50138. [PMID: 23209658 PMCID: PMC3507930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desipramine is known principally as a tricyclic antidepressant drug used to promote recovery of depressed patients. It has also been used in a number of other psychiatric and medical conditions. The present study is the first to investigate the neuroprotective effect of desipramine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mes23.5 dopaminergic cells were used to examine neuroprotective effect of desipramine. Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, MTT assay, siRNA transfection and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were carried out to assess the effects of desipramine. Desipramine induces endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and mRNA expression in concentration- and time-dependent manners. A different type of antidepressant SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), fluoxetine also shows similar effects of desipramine on HO-1 expression. Moreover, desipramine induces HO-1 expression through activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Desipramine also increases NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) accumulation in the nucleus and enhances Nrf2-DNA binding activity. Moreover, desipramine-mediated increase of HO-1 expression is reduced by transfection with siRNA against Nrf2. On the other hand, pretreatment of desipramine protects neuronal cells against rotenone- and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 activity by a HO-1 pharmacological inhibitor, ZnPP IX, attenuates the neuroprotective effect of desipramine. Otherwise, activation of HO-1 activity by HO-1 activator and inducer protect 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that desipramine-increased HO-1 expression is mediated by Nrf2 activation through the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Our results also suggest that desipramine provides a novel effect of neuroprotection, and neurodegenerative process might play an important role in depression disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HL); (D-YL)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HL); (D-YL)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neuroprotective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone on paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration in C57BL/6 mice and in PC12 cells. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1729-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
32
|
Minelli A, Conte C, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Pinnen F. Molecular mechanism underlying the cerebral effect of Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide bound to L-dopa in a Parkinson's animal model. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1359-67. [PMID: 22218995 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical contributing factor to neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the inhibition of ROS formation, responsible for chronic detrimental neuroinflammation, is an important strategy for preventing the neurodegenerative disease and for neuroprotective therapy. Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I, which is naturally cleaved in the plasma and brain tissues. GPE has neuroprotective effects since it crosses the blood-CSF and the functional CSF-brain barriers and binds to glial cells. It has been shown that GPE improves motor behaviour in rats after 6-OHDA lesion, although it does not rescue dopaminergic neurons. Thus, we hypothesized that the GPE therapeutic efficacy in a Parkinson model might be improved by combining GPE to L: -dopa. Here, we used an animal model that represents a progressive chronic Parkinson's disease (PD) model, characterized by high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. We showed that the co-drug, in which L: -dopa is covalently linked to the GPE tripeptide, by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory genes, decreases the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced inflammatory response and, by up-regulating tyrosine hydroxylase, reduces MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, by determining the nuclear translocation/activation of Nrf2 and NF-κB, we showed that systemic administration of the co-drug activates Nrf2-induced antioxidant response while suppressing NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Data suggest that the binding of L: -dopa to GPE tripeptide might represent a promising strategy to supply L: -dopa to parkinsonian patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale Scienze Biochimiche, Sezione Biochimica Cellulare, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Minelli A, Grottelli S, Mierla A, Pinnen F, Cacciatore I, Bellezza I. Cyclo(His-Pro) exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 44:525-35. [PMID: 22185821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo(His-Pro) is an endogenous cyclic dipeptide that exerts oxidative damage protection by selectively activating the transcription factor Nrf2 signalling pathway. Given the existence of a tight interplay of the Nrf2/NF-κB systems and that the pro-inflammatory response is governed by transcription factor NF-κB, here we sought to investigate whether and how cyclo(His-Pro) interferes with the cross-talk between the antioxidant Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 and the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathways. By knocking down the Nrf2 gene, we confirmed that cyclo(His-Pro) inhibits NF-κB nuclear accumulation induced by paraquat in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells via the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. The protection required functional heme oxygenase-1 activity, since zinc protoporphyrin IX, a heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor, prevented NF-κB inhibition, and the presence of exogenous carbon monoxide and bilirubin afforded cytoprotection against paraquat-induced toxicity by preventing NF-κB activation. Cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, two gene products governed by NF-κB, were down-regulated by cyclo(His-Pro) and up-regulated in heme oxygenase-1 knock-down cells. We validated the general mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects by treating PC12 and murine microglial BV2 cells with different pro-inflammatory agents. Finally, cyclo(His-Pro) reduced 12-otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced oedema in mouse ear inflammation model. Results, by showing that cyclo(His-pro) suppresses the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signalling via the Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 activation, contribute to the understanding of essential cellular pathways and allow the proposal of cyclo(His-Pro) as an in vivo anti-inflammatory compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Sezione di Biochimica Cellulare, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh BK, Kumar A, Ahmad I, Kumar V, Patel DK, Jain SK, Singh C. Oxidative stress in zinc-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration: Implications of superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:1207-22. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.607164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
35
|
Barone MC, Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. Genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling is sufficient to ameliorate neurodegenerative phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:701-7. [PMID: 21719443 PMCID: PMC3180234 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiology of both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The transcription factor Nrf2, a conserved global regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, has been implicated in neuroprotection against PD pathology. However, direct evidence that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway is sufficient to confer neuroprotection in genetic models of PD is lacking. Expression of the PD-linked gene encoding α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in decreased locomotor activity and selective neuron loss in a progressive age-dependent manner, providing a genetically accessible model of PD. Here we show that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway by overexpressing Nrf2 or its DNA-binding dimerization partner, Maf-S, restores the locomotor activity of α-synuclein-expressing flies. Similar benefits are observed upon RNA-interference-mediated downregulation of the prime Nrf2 inhibitor, Keap1, as well as in conditions of keap1 heterozygosity. Consistently, the α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neuron loss is suppressed by Maf-S overexpression or keap1 heterozygosity. Our data validate the sustained upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway as a neuroprotective strategy against PD. This model provides a genetically accessible in vivo system in which to evaluate the potential of additional Nrf2 pathway components and regulators as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Barone
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng J, Zhang P, Chen X, He G. PI3K and ERK/Nrf2 pathways are involved in oleanolic acid-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1524-31. [PMID: 21328610 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a widely used plant-derived triterpenoid, has been shown to possess potent antiatherosclerotic effects, which may be associated with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of OA on HO-1 expression are unclear. In the current study, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to OA and we found that it enhanced HO-1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by increased HO-1 activity. VSMCs treated with OA exhibited activation of Akt, p38 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) and PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) attenuated OA-induced HO-1 expression, whereas SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) had no effect. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of HO-1 expression. OA treatment increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which was also inhibited by wortmannin and PD98059. Furthermore, transfection of VSMCs with the Nrf2 siRNA-expressing lentiviral vector decreased HO-1 expression induced by OA. Finally, pretreatment of VSMCs with OA remarkably reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced cell apoptotic death, and this effect was greatly attenuated in the presence of ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), wortmannin or PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of Akt and ERK is required for OA-induced activation of Nrf2 followed by upregulation of HO-1 expression in VSMCs, which may confer an adaptive survival response in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City 400038, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Franco R, Li S, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Burns M, Panayiotidis MI. Molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:289-300. [PMID: 20542017 PMCID: PMC2942983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural and other settings, resulting in continued human exposure. Pesticide toxicity has been clearly demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions. Particularly, there is strong evidence suggesting that pesticide exposure predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological data have suggested a relationship between pesticide exposure and brain neurodegeneration. However, an increasing debate has aroused regarding this issue. Paraquat is a highly toxic quaternary nitrogen herbicide which has been largely studied as a model for Parkinson's disease providing valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of pesticides and their role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic action of pesticides, with emphasis on the mechanisms associated with the induction of neuronal cell death by paraquat as a model for Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Minelli A, Conte C, Prudenzi E, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Taha E, Pinnen F. N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-Dopa-methyl ester as a dual acting drug that relieves L-Dopa-induced oxidative toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:31-9. [PMID: 20307650 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease seem to be linked to oxidative stress, closely related to decreased mitochondrial functions and ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction. To date, L-Dopa is the most effective medication , although long-term treatment can enhance oxidative stress and accelerate the degenerative process of residual cells. Therefore the inhibition of oxidation of L-Dopa/dopamine and the inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation are important strategies for neuroprotective therapy. Recently, several dual acting drugs, in which L-Dopa/dopamine are covalently linked to antioxidant molecules, were shown to induce sustained delivery of both L-Dopa/dopamine in rat plasma and striatum, suggesting that these compounds might be proposed as useful agents against Parkinson's disease. Here, by analyzing GSH levels and heme oxygenase-1 expression, we investigated in primary mesencephalic neuron cultures and in newborn mice the effects of the treatment with Ac-Met-LD-OMe. Moreover, by using proteasome inhibitor-treated mice as Parkinson's disease animal model, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of the systemic administration of this novel codrug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale Scienze Biochimiche, Sezione Biochimica Cellulare, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06124, Perugia, Italia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|