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Majewski S, Klein P, Boillée S, Clarke BE, Patani R. Towards an integrated approach for understanding glia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39318236 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Substantial advances in technology are permitting a high resolution understanding of the salience of glia, and have helped us to transcend decades of predominantly neuron-centric research. In particular, recent advances in 'omic' technologies have enabled unique insights into glial biology, shedding light on the cellular and molecular aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we review studies using omic techniques to attempt to understand the role of glia in ALS across different model systems and post mortem tissue. We also address caveats that should be considered when interpreting such studies, and how some of these may be mitigated through either using a multi-omic approach and/or careful low throughput, high fidelity orthogonal validation with particular emphasis on functional validation. Finally, we consider emerging technologies and their potential relevance in deepening our understanding of glia in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Majewski
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pierre Klein
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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2
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Muthukumar S, Li CT, Liu RJ, Bellodi C. Roles and regulation of tRNA-derived small RNAs in animals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:359-378. [PMID: 38182846 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A growing class of small RNAs, known as tRNA-derived RNAs (tdRs), tRNA-derived small RNAs or tRNA-derived fragments, have long been considered mere intermediates of tRNA degradation. These small RNAs have recently been implicated in an evolutionarily conserved repertoire of biological processes. In this Review, we discuss the biogenesis and molecular functions of tdRs in mammals, including tdR-mediated gene regulation in cell metabolism, immune responses, transgenerational inheritance, development and cancer. We also discuss the accumulation of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs as a distinct adaptive cellular response to pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we highlight new conceptual advances linking RNA modifications with tdR activities and discuss challenges in studying tdR biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowndarya Muthukumar
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cai-Tao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Juan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Bin S, Cheng X, Niu Q. A Neglected Gene: The Role of the ANG Gene in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0107. [PMID: 38421827 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with a poor prognosis. To date, more than 40 ALS-related genes have been identified. However, there is still a lack of targeted therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ALS, especially for patients with acute onset and severe disease. A series of studies reported missense heterozygous mutations with loss of function in the coding region of the ANG gene in ALS patients. ANG deficiency is related to the pathogenesis of ALS, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. This article aimed to synthesize and consolidate the knowledge of the pathological mechanism of ALS induced by ANG mutation and provide a theoretical basis for ALS diagnosis and targeted therapy. This article further delves into the mechanisms underlying the current understanding of the structure and function of the ANG gene, the association between ANG and ALS, and its pathogenesis. Mutations in ANG may lead to the development of ALS through the loss of neuroprotective function, induction of oxidative stress, or inhibition of rRNA synthesis. ANG mutations and genetic and environmental factors may cause disease heterogeneity and more severe disease than in ALS patients with the wild-type gene. Exploring this mechanism is expected to provide a new approach for ALS treatment through increasing ANG expression or angiogenin activity. However, the related study is still in its infancy; therefore, this article also highlights the need for further exploration of the application of ANG gene mutations in clinical trials and animal experiments is needed to achieve improved early diagnosis and treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Bruno A, Milillo C, Anaclerio F, Buccolini C, Dell’Elice A, Angilletta I, Gatta M, Ballerini P, Antonucci I. Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Challenging Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:976. [PMID: 38256050 PMCID: PMC10815412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has been considered a promising option for treating numerous disorders, in particular, neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells exert neuroprotective and neurodegenerative benefits through different mechanisms, such as the secretion of neurotrophic factors, cell replacement, the activation of endogenous stem cells, and decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources of stem cells have been proposed for transplantation and the restoration of damaged tissue. Over recent decades, intensive research has focused on gestational stem cells considered a novel resource for cell transplantation therapy. The present review provides an update on the recent preclinical/clinical applications of gestational stem cells for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, further studies should be encouraged to translate this promising therapeutic approach into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlotta Buccolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anastasia Dell’Elice
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Angilletta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Gatta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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5
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Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga M, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Camino-Castiñeiras J, Aldrey JM, Castillo J, Ouro A, Sobrino T, Romaus-Sanjurjo D. Biomarkers Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060962. [PMID: 36980302 PMCID: PMC10047803 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disorder in the elderly in developed countries. Currently, growing evidence is pointing at endothelial dysfunction as a key player in the cognitive decline course of AD. As a main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the dysfunction of endothelial cells driven by vascular risk factors associated with AD allows the passage of toxic substances to the cerebral parenchyma, producing chronic hypoperfusion that eventually causes an inflammatory and neurotoxic response. In this process, the levels of several biomarkers are disrupted, such as an increase in adhesion molecules that allow the passage of leukocytes to the cerebral parenchyma, increasing the permeability of the BBB; moreover, other vascular players, including endothelin-1, also mediate artery inflammation. As a consequence of the disruption of the BBB, a progressive neuroinflammatory response is produced that, added to the astrogliosis, eventually triggers neuronal degeneration (possibly responsible for cognitive deterioration). Recently, new molecules have been proposed as early biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction that can constitute new therapeutic targets as well as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariña Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vázquez-Vázquez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Camino-Castiñeiras
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aldrey
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Sultana MF, Abo H, Kawashima H. Human and mouse angiogenins: Emerging insights and potential opportunities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022945. [PMID: 36466652 PMCID: PMC9714274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin, a well-known angiogenic factor, is crucial to the angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors. Human angiogenin has only one gene, whereas the murine angiogenin family has extended to incorporate six genes. Evolutionary studies have suggested functional variations among murine angiogenin paralogs, even though the three-dimensional structures of angiogenin proteins are remarkably similar. In addition to angiogenesis, the ubiquitous pattern of angiogenin expression suggests a variety of functions, such as tumorigenesis, neuroprotective, antimicrobial activity, and innate immunity. Here, we comprehensively reviewed studies on the structures and functions of human and mouse angiogenins. Understanding the structure and function of angiogenins from a broader perspective could facilitate future research related to development of novel therapeutics on its biological processes, especially in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Farzana Sultana
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Hirohito Abo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Yang H, Yuan L, Ibaragi S, Li S, Shapiro R, Vanli N, Goncalves KA, Yu W, Kishikawa H, Jiang Y, Hu AJ, Jay D, Cochran B, Holland EC, Hu GF. Angiogenin and plexin-B2 axis promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing invasion, vascular association, proliferation and survival. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:422-435. [PMID: 35418212 PMCID: PMC9345892 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenin is a multifunctional secreted ribonuclease that is upregulated in human cancers and downregulated or mutationally inactivated in neurodegenerative diseases. A role for angiogenin in glioblastoma was inferred from the inverse correlation of angiogenin expression with patient survival but had not been experimentally investigated. METHODS Angiogenin knockout mice were generated and the effect of angiogenin deficiency on glioblastoma progression was examined. Angiogenin and plexin-B2 genes were knocked down in glioblastoma cells and the changes in cell proliferation, invasion and vascular association were examined. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and small molecules were used to assess the therapeutic activity of the angiogenin-plexin-B2 pathway in both genetic and xenograft animal models. RESULTS Deletion of Ang1 gene prolonged survival of PDGF-induced glioblastoma in mice in the Ink4a/Arf-/-:Pten-/- background, accompanied by decreased invasion, vascular association and proliferation. Angiogenin upregulated MMP9 and CD24 leading to enhanced invasion and vascular association. Inhibition of angiogenin or plexin-B2, either by shRNA, monoclonal antibody or small molecule inhibitor, decreases sphere formation of patient-derived glioma stem cells, reduces glioblastoma proliferation and invasion and inhibits glioblastoma growth in both genetic and xenograft animal models. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenin and its receptor, plexin-B2, are a pair of novel regulators that mediate invasion, vascular association and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Inhibitors of the angiogenin-plexin-B2 axis have therapeutic potential against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuping Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nil Vanli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Jay
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent Cochran
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Tian H, Hu Z, Wang C. The Therapeutic Potential of tRNA-derived Small RNAs in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Aging Dis 2022; 13:389-401. [PMID: 35371602 PMCID: PMC8947841 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expressions and functions at various levels, namely post-transcriptional, transcriptional, and epigenetic, can be regulated by transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), which are as well-established as tRNA fragments or tRFs. This regulation occurs when tsRNAs are created through the special endonuclease-mediated cleavage of mature or precursor tRNAs. However, tsRNAs are newly discovered entities, and molecular functions associated with tsRNAs are still not clearly understood. There is increasingly robust evidence suggesting that specific tsRNAs perform fundamental tasks in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral disorders. Indeed, the patterns of tsRNA expression are uncertain and could be altered in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. In the present article, a review is conducted of recent domestic and international progress in research on the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of tsRNA biogenesis. We also describe endogenous tsRNAs during neuronal development and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby providing theoretical support and guidance for further revealing the therapeutic potential of tsRNAs in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Tian
- 1Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- 5Department of Child Psychiatry, Ningbo Kanning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- 1Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Peng R, Santos HJ, Nozaki T. Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Parasitic Protozoa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:286. [PMID: 35205331 PMCID: PMC8872473 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are newly identified non-coding small RNAs that have recently attracted attention due to their functional significance in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. tsRNAs originated from the cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs by specific nucleases. According to the start and end sites, tsRNAs can be broadly divided into tRNA halves (31-40 nucleotides) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs, 14-30 nucleotides). tsRNAs have been reported in multiple organisms to be involved in gene expression regulation, protein synthesis, and signal transduction. As a novel regulator, tsRNAs have also been identified in various protozoan parasites. The conserved biogenesis of tsRNAs in early-branching eukaryotes strongly suggests the universality of this machinery, which requires future research on their shared and potentially disparate biological functions. Here, we reviewed the recent studies of tsRNAs in several representative protozoan parasites including their biogenesis and the roles in parasite biology and intercellular communication. Furthermore, we discussed the remaining questions and potential future works for tsRNAs in this group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.P.); (H.J.S.)
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10
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Singh K, Maity P, Koroma AK, Basu A, Pandey RK, Beken SV, Haas P, Krug L, Hainzl A, Sindrilaru A, Pfeiffer C, Wlaschek M, Frank NY, Frank MH, Ganss C, Bánvölgyi A, Wikonkál N, Eming S, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Kluth MA, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Angiogenin Released from ABCB5 + Stromal Precursors Improves Healing of Diabetic Wounds by Promoting Angiogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1725-1736.e10. [PMID: 34808236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe angiopathy is a major driver for diabetes associated secondary complications. Knowledge on underlying mechanisms essential for advanced therapies to attenuate these pathologies is limited. Injection of ABCB5+ stromal precursors (SPs) at the edge of non-healing diabetic wounds in a murine db/db model, closely mirroring human type II diabetes, profoundly accelerates wound closure. Strikingly, enhanced angiogenesis was substantially enforced by the release of the ribonuclease angiogenin from ABCB5+ SPs. This compensates for the profoundly reduced angiogenin expression in non-treated murine chronic diabetic wounds. Silencing of angiogenin in ABCB5+ SPs prior to injection significantly reduced angiogenesis and delayed wound closure in diabetic db/db mice implying an unprecedented key role for angiogenin in tissue regeneration in diabetes. These data hold significant promise for further refining SPs-based therapies of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers and other pathologies with impaired angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Abhijit Basu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Seppe Vander Beken
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Haas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Pfeiffer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabine Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark A Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Grenn FP, Moore A, Bandres-Ciga S, Krohn L, Blauwendraat C. Assessment of ANG variants in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:111.e1-111.e4. [PMID: 33875291 PMCID: PMC8225568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk factors are occasionally shared between different neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have linked ANG, a gene encoding angiogenin, to both Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Functional studies suggest ANG plays a neuroprotective role in both PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by reducing cell death. We further explored the genetic association between ANG and PD by analyzing genotype data from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (14,671 cases and 17,667 controls) and whole genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Parkinson's disease initiative (AMP-PD, https://amp-pd.org/) (1,647 cases and 1,050 controls). Our analysis did not replicate the findings of previous studies and identified no significant association between ANG variants and PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Grenn
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anni Moore
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Wu W, Lee I, Spratt H, Fang X, Bao X. tRNA-Derived Fragments in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for New Disease Biomarkers and Neuropathological Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:793-806. [PMID: 33337366 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia caused by irreversible neurodegeneration, with the onset mechanisms elusive. tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), a recently discovered family of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been found to associate with many human diseases, including infectious, metabolic, and neurological diseases. However, whether tRFs play a role in human AD development is not known. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether tRFs are involved in human AD. METHODS Thirty-four postmortem human hippocampus samples were used. The expression of Drosha, Dicer, and angiogenin (ANG), three ribonucleases responsible for the biogenesis of sncRNAs, was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The tRFs in the hippocampus was detected by qRT-PCR or northern blot. We also used qRT-PCR to quantify NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSun2) and polyadenylation factor I subunit 1 (CLP1), two tRNA modification enzymes. RESULTS tRFs derived from a subset of tRNAs are significantly altered in the hippocampus of AD patients. The expression change of some tRFs showed age- and disease stage-dependent. ANG is significantly enhanced in AD, suggesting its role in inducing tRFs in AD. The expression of NSun2 in AD patients younger than 65 was significantly decreased. According to a previous report supporting NSun2-mediated tRNA methylation modification making tRNA less susceptible to ANG-mediated cleavage, our results suggested that the decrease in NSun2 may make tRNAs less methylated and subsequently enhanced tRF production from ANG-mediated tRNA cleavage. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrated for the first time the involvement of tRFs in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Heidi Spratt
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Advani VM, Ivanov P. Stress granule subtypes: an emerging link to neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4827-4845. [PMID: 32500266 PMCID: PMC7668291 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress Granules (SGs) are membraneless cytoplasmic RNA granules, which contain translationally stalled mRNAs, associated translation initiation factors and multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). They are formed in response to various stresses and contribute to reprogramming of cellular metabolism to aid cell survival. Because of their cytoprotective nature, association with translation regulation and cell signaling, SGs are an essential component of the integrated stress response pathway, a complex adaptive program central to stress management. Recent advances in SG biology unambiguously demonstrate that SGs are heterogeneous in their RNA and protein content leading to the idea that various SG subtypes exist. These SG variants are formed in cell type- and stress-specific manners and differ in their composition, dynamics of assembly and disassembly, and contribution to cell viability. As aberrant SG dynamics contribute to the formation of pathological persistent SGs that are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, the biology of different SG subtypes may be directly implicated in neurodegeneration. Here, we will discuss mechanisms of SG formation, their subtypes, and potential contribution to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek M Advani
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Abstract
As one of the most abundant and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in reading the codons on messenger RNAs and translating them into proteins. In this review, we discuss the noncanonical functions of tRNAs. These include tRNAs as precursors to novel small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abundant across species and have diverse functions in different biological processes, including regulating protein translation, Argonaute-dependent gene silencing, and more. Furthermore, the role of tRNAs in biosynthesis and other regulatory pathways, including nutrient sensing, splicing, transcription, retroelement regulation, immune response, and apoptosis, is reviewed. Genome organization and sequence variation of tRNA genes are also discussed in light of their noncanonical functions. Lastly, we discuss the recent applications of tRNAs in genome editing and microbiome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangli Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA; , , ,
| | - Briana Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA; , , ,
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA; , , ,
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA; , , ,
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15
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Mehdipour M, Mehdipour T, Skinner CM, Wong N, Liu C, Chen CC, Jeon OH, Zuo Y, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice. GeroScience 2020; 43:1-18. [PMID: 33191466 PMCID: PMC8050203 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old mice (Mehdipour et al., Aging 12:8790–8819, 2020). Here we expand the rejuvenative phenotypes of NBE, focusing on the brain. Namely, our results demonstrate that old mice perform much better in novel object and novel texture (whisker discrimination) tests after a single NBE, which is accompanied by reduced neuroinflammation (less-activated CD68+ microglia). Evidence against attenuation/dilution of peripheral senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as the main mechanism behind NBE was that the senolytic ABT 263 had limited effects on neuroinflammation and did not enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the old mice. Interestingly, peripherally acting ABT 263 and NBE both diminished SA-βGal signal in the old brain, demonstrating that peripheral senescence propagates to the brain, but NBE was more robustly rejuvenative than ABT 263, suggesting that rejuvenation was not simply by reducing senescence. Explaining the mechanism of the positive effects of NBE on the brain, our comparative proteomics analysis demonstrated that dilution of old blood plasma yields an increase in the determinants of brain maintenance and repair in mice and in people. These findings confirm the paradigm of rejuvenation through dilution of age-elevated systemic factors and extrapolate it to brain health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taha Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Chien Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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16
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Magee R, Rigoutsos I. On the expanding roles of tRNA fragments in modulating cell behavior. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9433-9448. [PMID: 32890397 PMCID: PMC7515703 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragments that derive from transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are an emerging category of regulatory RNAs. Known as tRFs, these fragments were reported for the first time only a decade ago, making them a relatively recent addition to the ever-expanding pantheon of non-coding RNAs. tRFs are short, 16-35 nucleotides (nts) in length, and produced through cleavage of mature and precursor tRNAs at various positions. Both cleavage positions and relative tRF abundance depend strongly on context, including the tissue type, tissue state, and disease, as well as the sex, population of origin, and race/ethnicity of an individual. These dependencies increase the urgency to understand the regulatory roles of tRFs. Such efforts are gaining momentum, and comprise experimental and computational approaches. System-level studies across many tissues and thousands of samples have produced strong evidence that tRFs have important and multi-faceted roles. Here, we review the relevant literature on tRF biology in higher organisms, single cell eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogan Magee
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 215 503 4219; Fax: +1 215 503 0466;
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17
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Gámez-Valero A, Guisado-Corcoll A, Herrero-Lorenzo M, Solaguren-Beascoa M, Martí E. Non-Coding RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1095. [PMID: 33171576 PMCID: PMC7695195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the cellular antioxidant capacity. OS plays a central role in neurodegenerative diseases, where the progressive accumulation of reactive oxygen species induces mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation and inflammation. Regulatory non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression controllers, showing a highly regulated expression in space (cell types), time (developmental and ageing processes) and response to specific stimuli. These dynamic changes shape signaling pathways that are critical for the developmental processes of the nervous system and brain cell homeostasis. Diverse classes of ncRNAs have been involved in the cell response to OS and have been targeted in therapeutic designs. The perturbed expression of ncRNAs has been shown in human neurodegenerative diseases, with these changes contributing to pathogenic mechanisms, including OS and associated toxicity. In the present review, we summarize existing literature linking OS, neurodegeneration and ncRNA function. We provide evidences for the central role of OS in age-related neurodegenerative conditions, recapitulating the main types of regulatory ncRNAs with roles in the normal function of the nervous system and summarizing up-to-date information on ncRNA deregulation with a direct impact on OS associated with major neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gámez-Valero
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Anna Guisado-Corcoll
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Marina Herrero-Lorenzo
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Maria Solaguren-Beascoa
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Eulàlia Martí
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Sung SM, Lee SJ, Lee KW, Kim JC. Ultraviolet B-induced Senescence Model Using Corneal Fibroblasts and the Anti-aging Effect of Angiogenin. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.9.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Hogg MC, Rayner M, Susdalzew S, Monsefi N, Crivello M, Woods I, Resler A, Blackbourn L, Fabbrizio P, Trolese MC, Nardo G, Bendotti C, van den Berg LH, van Es MA, Prehn JHM. 5'ValCAC tRNA fragment generated as part of a protective angiogenin response provides prognostic value in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa138. [PMID: 33543130 PMCID: PMC7850272 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the ribonuclease angiogenin are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Angiogenin has been shown to cleave transfer RNAs during stress to produce ‘transfer-derived stress-induced RNAs’. Stress-induced tRNA cleavage is preserved from single-celled organisms to humans indicating it represents part of a highly conserved stress response. However, to date, the role of tRNA cleavage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains to be fully elucidated. To this end, we performed small RNA sequencing on a human astrocytoma cell line to identify the complete repertoire of tRNA fragments generated by angiogenin. We found that only a specific subset of tRNAs is cleaved by angiogenin and identified 5′ValCAC transfer-derived stress-induced RNA to be secreted from neural cells. 5′ValCAC was quantified in spinal cord and serum from SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse models where we found it to be significantly elevated at symptom onset correlating with increased angiogenin expression, imbalanced protein translation initiation factors and slower disease progression. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient serum samples, we found 5′ValCAC to be significantly higher in patients with slow disease progression, and interestingly, we find 5′ValCAC to hold prognostic value for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Here, we report that angiogenin cleaves a specific subset of tRNAs and provide evidence for 5′ValCAC as a prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We propose that increased serum 5′ValCAC levels indicate an enhanced angiogenin-mediated stress response within motor neurons that correlates with increased survival. These data suggest that the previously reported beneficial effects of angiogenin in SOD1G93A mice may result from elevated levels of 5′ValCAC transfer RNA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion C Hogg
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Megan Rayner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Sergej Susdalzew
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Naser Monsefi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Martin Crivello
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ina Woods
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Alexa Resler
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Lisle Blackbourn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Paola Fabbrizio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via, La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Trolese
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via, La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via, La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via, La Masa, 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
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20
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Jeong JH, Lee SJ, Ko K, Lee JH, Lyu J, Park MH, Kang J, Kim JC. Plant-derived angiogenin fusion protein's cytoprotective effect on trabecular meshwork damage induced by Benzalkonium chloride in mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9084. [PMID: 32509448 PMCID: PMC7247531 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), commonly used in glaucoma treatment, is an eye drop preservative with dose-dependent toxicity. Previous studies have observed the multi-functional benefits of angiogenin (ANG) against glaucoma. In our study, we evaluated ANG’s cytoprotective effect on the trabecular meshwork (TM) damage induced by BAK. Additionally, we developed a plant-derived ANG fusion protein and evaluated its effect on TM structure and function. Methods We synthesized plant-derived ANG (ANG-FcK) by fuzing immunoglobulin G’s Fc region and KDEL to conventional recombinant human ANG (Rh-ANG) purified from transgenic tobacco plants. We established a mouse model using BAK to look for degenerative changes in the TM, and to evaluate the protective effects of ANG-FcK and Rh-ANG. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured for 4 weeks and ultrastructural changes, deposition of fluorescent microbeads, type I and IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin and α-SMA expression were analyzed after the mice were euthanized. Results TM structural and functional degeneration were induced by 0.1% BAK instillation in mice. ANG co-treatment preserved TM outflow function, which we measured using IOP and a microbead tracer. ANG prevented phenotypic and ultrastructure changes, and that protective effect might be related to the anti-fibrosis mechanism. We observed a similar cytoprotective effect in the BAK-induced degenerative TM mouse model, suggesting that plant-derived ANG-FcK could be a promising glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea.,Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Therapeutic Protein Engineering Lab/College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Therapeutic Protein Engineering Lab/College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmook Lyu
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moon Hyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology/College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Chan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Prehn JHM, Jirström E. Angiogenin and tRNA fragments in Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:442-446. [PMID: 32144338 PMCID: PMC7470775 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarise the evidence for a role of the ribonuclease angiogenin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, with a specific focus on Parkinson’s disease (PD). Angiogenin is a stress-induced, secreted ribonuclease with both nuclear and cytosolic activities. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene (ANG) have been initially discovered in familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, variants in ANG have subsequently been identified in PD and Alzheimer’s disease. Delivery of angiogenin protein reduces neurodegeneration and delays disease progression in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS and in vitro models of PD. In the nucleus, angiogenin promotes ribosomal RNA transcription. Under stress conditions, angiogenin also translocates to the cytosol where it cleaves non-coding RNA into RNA fragments, in particular transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Stress-induced tRNA fragments have been proposed to have multiple cellular functions, including inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, inhibition of protein translation and inhibition of apoptosis. We will discuss recent evidence of tRNA fragment accumulation in PD, as well as their potential neuroprotective activities.
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22
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Emerging novel approaches to drug research and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:439-441. [PMID: 32203079 PMCID: PMC7471400 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Biocomputational Analysis and In Silico Characterization of an Angiogenic Protein (RNase5) in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Magee R, Londin E, Rigoutsos I. TRNA-derived fragments as sex-dependent circulating candidate biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 65:203-209. [PMID: 31402278 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's Disease (PD) is diagnosed clinically. Reliable non-invasive PD biomarkers are actively sought. Transfer RNAs produce short non-coding RNAs, the tRNA-derived fragments (tRF). tRF have been shown to play diverse roles, including in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the response to ischemic stroke. Rich tRF populations are being reported in biofluids. We explored the possibility that tRF can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for PD. METHODS We collected existing RNA-seq samples and re-analyzed a total of 254 legacy datasets from 3 previous studies, from male and female PD patients and controls that belong to three categories: prefrontal cortex samples from 29 patients and 33 controls; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 63 patients and 64 controls; and, serum samples from 34 patients and 31 controls. First, we identified tRF exhaustively and deterministically in every dataset. Second, we determined tRF that are differentially abundant (DA) between PD and control samples, using uncorrected t-tests. Lastly, we assessed all the DA tRF from the previous step with Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to stringently sub-select tRF that can distinguish PD patients from controls. RESULTS We show that PLS-DA identified tRF from prefrontal cortex, CSF, and serum that can distinguish PD patients from controls. A handful of identified tRF were previously investigated in neurological contexts. Signatures built from relatively few tRF suffice to distinguish PD from control in each category of samples with high sensitivity (89-100%) and specificity (79-98%). CONCLUSION tRF-based signatures are promising candidates that warrant further evaluation as non-invasive PD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogan Magee
- Computational Medicine Center, Jefferson Alumni Hall #M81, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Jefferson Alumni Hall #M81, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Jefferson Alumni Hall #M81, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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25
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Giampà C, Alvino A, Magatti M, Silini AR, Cardinale A, Paldino E, Fusco FR, Parolini O. Conditioned medium from amniotic cells protects striatal degeneration and ameliorates motor deficits in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1581-1592. [PMID: 30585395 PMCID: PMC6349233 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation significantly impacts the progression of Huntington's disease (HD) and the mutant HTT protein determines a pro‐inflammatory activation of microglia. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from the amniotic membrane (hAMSC), and their conditioned medium (CM‐hAMSC), have been shown to possess protective effects in vitro and in vivo in animal models of immune‐based disorders and of traumatic brain injury, which have been shown to be mediated by their immunomodulatory properties. In this study, in the R6/2 mouse model for HD we demonstrate that mice treated with CM‐hAMSC display less severe signs of neurological dysfunction than saline‐treated ones. CM‐hAMSC treatment significantly delayed the development of the hind paw clasping response during tail suspension, reduced deficits in rotarod performance, and decreased locomotor activity in an open field test. The effects of CM‐hAMSC on neurological function were reflected in a significant amelioration in brain pathology, including reduction in striatal atrophy and the formation of striatal neuronal intranuclear inclusions. In addition, while no significant increase was found in the expression of BDNF levels after CM‐hAMSC treatment, a significant decrease of microglia activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were observed. These results support the concept that CM‐hAMSC could act by modulating inflammatory cells, and more specifically microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Giampà
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alvino
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuela Paldino
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Yeo KJ, Jee JG, Hwang E, Kim EH, Jeon YH, Cheong HK. Interaction between human angiogenin and the p53 TAD2 domain and its implication for inhibitor discovery. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3916-3925. [PMID: 29105754 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between angiogenin and the p53 TAD2 domain in cancer cells can inhibit the function of the p53 tumor suppressor and promote cell survival. Based on a model structure using NMR and mutational analysis, positively charged 31 RRR33 and 50 KRSIK54 motifs of human angiogenin were identified as p53-binding sites that could interact with negatively charged D48/E51 and E56 residues of the p53 TAD2 domain, respectively. These results suggest that 31 RRR33 and 50 KRSIK54 motifs of human angiogenin might play a critical role in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis and angiogenesis in cancer cells. This study identifies potential target sites for screening angiogenin-specific inhibitors that could not only inhibit p53 binding but could also simultaneously inhibit cell binding, internalization, DNA binding, and nuclear translocation of human angiogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Joo Yeo
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hae-Kap Cheong
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
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27
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Samiotaki M, Alexopoulou AN, Cotsiki M, Panayotou G, Stamatiadi M, Balatsos NAA, Leonidas DD, Kontou M. Proteomic Analysis of Human Angiogenin Interactions Reveals Cytoplasmic PCNA as a Putative Binding Partner. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3606-3622. [PMID: 28777577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human Angiogenin (hAng) is a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily and a potent inducer of neovascularization. Protein interactions of hAng in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the human umbilical vein cell line EA.hy926 have been investigated by mass spectroscopy. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD006583 and PXD006584. The first gel-free analysis of hAng immunoprecipitates revealed many statistically significant potential hAng-interacting proteins involved in crucial biological pathways. Surprisingly, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), was found to be immunoprecipitated with hAng only in the cytoplasm. The hAng-PCNA interaction and colocalization in the specific cellular compartment was validated with immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed that PCNA is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, while hAng is distributed both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. hAng and PCNA colocalize in the cytoplasm, suggesting that they may interact in this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | | | - Marina Cotsiki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Melina Stamatiadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Kontou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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28
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Jo M, Chung AY, Yachie N, Seo M, Jeon H, Nam Y, Seo Y, Kim E, Zhong Q, Vidal M, Park HC, Roth FP, Suk K. Yeast genetic interaction screen of human genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identification of MAP2K5 kinase as a potential drug target. Genome Res 2017; 27:1487-1500. [PMID: 28596290 PMCID: PMC5580709 DOI: 10.1101/gr.211649.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To understand disease mechanisms, a large-scale analysis of human–yeast genetic interactions was performed. Of 1305 human disease genes assayed, 20 genes exhibited strong toxicity in yeast. Human–yeast genetic interactions were identified by en masse transformation of the human disease genes into a pool of 4653 homozygous diploid yeast deletion mutants with unique barcode sequences, followed by multiplexed barcode sequencing to identify yeast toxicity modifiers. Subsequent network analyses focusing on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated genes, such as optineurin (OPTN) and angiogenin (ANG), showed that the human orthologs of the yeast toxicity modifiers of these ALS genes are enriched for several biological processes, such as cell death, lipid metabolism, and molecular transport. When yeast genetic interaction partners held in common between human OPTN and ANG were validated in mammalian cells and zebrafish, MAP2K5 kinase emerged as a potential drug target for ALS therapy. The toxicity modifiers identified in this study may deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS and other devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Ah Young Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 425-707, Korea
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Minchul Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Yeojin Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 425-707, Korea
| | - Quan Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Hae Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 425-707, Korea
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Korea
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29
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Povysheva T, Shmarov M, Logunov D, Naroditsky B, Shulman I, Ogurcov S, Kolesnikov P, Islamov R, Chelyshev Y. Post-spinal cord injury astrocyte-mediated functional recovery in rats after intraspinal injection of the recombinant adenoviral vectors Ad5-VEGF and Ad5-ANG. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 27:105-115. [PMID: 28452633 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.spine15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most actively explored therapeutic strategy for overcoming spinal cord injury (SCI) is the delivery of genes encoding molecules that stimulate regeneration. In a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in preliminary clinical trials in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the combined administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors (Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG) encoding the neurotrophic/angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and angiogenin ( ANG) was found to slow the development of neurological deficits. These results suggest that there may be positive effects of this combination of genes in posttraumatic spinal cord regeneration. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG combination therapy on motor function recovery and reactivity of astrocytes in a rat model of SCI. METHODS Spinal cord injury was induced in adult Wistar rats by the weight-drop method. Rats (n = 51) were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG) and the control group (Ad5-GFP [green fluorescent protein]). Recovery of motor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. The duration and intensity of infectivity and gene expression from the injected vectors were assessed by immunofluorescent detection of GFP. Reactivity of glial cells was assessed by changes in the number of immunopositive cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. The level of S100β mRNA expression in the spinal cord was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Partial recovery of motor function was observed 30 days after surgery in both groups. However, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were 35.9% higher in the Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG group compared with the control group. Specific GFP signal was observed at distances of up to 5 mm in the rostral and caudal directions from the points of injection. A 1.5 to 2.0-fold increase in the number of GFAP+, S100β+, and AQP4+ cells was observed in the white and gray matter at a distance of up to 5 mm from the center of the lesion site in the caudal and rostral directions. At 30 days after injury, a 2-fold increase in S100β transcripts was observed in the Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Intraspinal injection of recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding VEGF and ANG stimulates functional recovery after traumatic SCI. The increased number of S100β+ astrocytes induced by this approach may be a beneficial factor for maintaining the survival and function of neurons. Therefore, gene therapy with Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG vectors is an effective therapeutic method for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksim Shmarov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Naroditsky
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Shulman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan; and
| | - Sergey Ogurcov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan; and
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30
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Bradshaw WJ, Rehman S, Pham TTK, Thiyagarajan N, Lee RL, Subramanian V, Acharya KR. Structural insights into human angiogenin variants implicated in Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41996. [PMID: 28176817 PMCID: PMC5296752 DOI: 10.1038/srep41996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Angiogenin (ANG), a member of the Ribonuclease A superfamily (also known as RNase 5) are known to be associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, motor neurone disease) (sporadic and familial) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In our previous studies we have shown that ANG is expressed in neurons during neuro-ectodermal differentiation, and that it has both neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. In addition, in an extensive study on selective ANG-ALS variants we correlated the structural changes to the effects on neuronal survival and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines. Furthermore, we have established that ANG-ALS variants which affect the structure of the catalytic site and either decrease or increase the RNase activity affect neuronal survival. Neuronal cell lines expressing the ANG-ALS variants also lack the ability to form stress granules. Here, we report a detailed experimental structural study on eleven new ANG-PD/ALS variants which will have implications in understanding the molecular basis underlying their role in PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bradshaw
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tram T K Pham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Lee
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vasanta Subramanian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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31
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Ribonuclease 5 facilitates corneal endothelial wound healing via activation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31162. [PMID: 27526633 PMCID: PMC4985649 DOI: 10.1038/srep31162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain corneal transparency, corneal endothelial cells (CECs) exert a pump function against aqueous inflow. However, human CECs are arrested in the G1-phase and non-proliferative in vivo. Thus, treatment of corneal endothelial decompensation is limited to corneal transplantation, and grafts are vulnerable to immune rejection. Here, we show that ribonuclease (RNase) 5 is more highly expressed in normal human CECs compared to decompensated tissues. Furthermore, RNase 5 up-regulated survival of CECs and accelerated corneal endothelial wound healing in an in vitro wound of human CECs and an in vivo cryo-damaged rabbit model. RNase 5 treatment rapidly induced accumulation of cytoplasmic RNase 5 into the nucleus, and activated PI3-kinase/Akt pathway in human CECs. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear translocation of RNase 5 using neomycin reversed RNase 5-induced Akt activation. As a potential strategy for proliferation enhancement, RNase 5 increased the population of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-incorporated proliferating CECs with concomitant PI3-kinase/Akt activation, especially in CECs deprived of contact-inhibition. Specifically, RNase 5 suppressed p27 and up-regulated cyclin D1, D3, and E by activating PI3-kinase/Akt in CECs to initiate cell cycle progression. Together, our data indicate that RNase 5 facilitates corneal endothelial wound healing, and identify RNase 5 as a novel target for therapeutic exploitation.
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32
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Liang S, Acharya KR. Structural basis of substrate specificity in porcine RNase 4. FEBS J 2016; 283:912-28. [PMID: 26748441 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RNase 4, a member of the RNase A superfamily with substrate preference for uridine, has roles in host defence, angiogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. It also exhibits the highest interspecies amino acid sequence similarity amongst RNase A family members. However, compared to other members of the RNase A family, including eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil cationic protein and angiogenin, little is known about the molecular basis of substrate specificity in RNase 4. Here we report high to medium resolution structures of native porcine RNase 4 (PL3), a 'substrate-specificity' determining mutant D80A and their respective complexes with deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) and deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate (dCMP). These structures provide insight into the structural basis of the uridine versus cytosine substrate specificity in RNase 4: in the D80A mutant (D80A•dCMP), the side chain of Arg101 is positioned further away from the substrate-binding pocket due to the loss of the Asp80 side chain, reducing the repulsion force on the less favoured dCMP from Arg101 and allowing the ligand to occupy the binding pocket. This can also explain the observation that the ligand in the D80A•dCMP complex is stabilized only by a small number of hydrogen bonds. Compared to the previously reported structure of the human RNase 4•2'-deoxyuridine 3'-phosphate complex, the structure of PL3•dUMP complex shows additional hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the protein. In addition, the interaction between Arg101 and the dUMP ligand is absent. These observed differences are probably the result of the flexibility and different 'positioning' of the phosphate group among the mononucleotide ligands. DATABASE The atomic coordinates and structure factors for PL3 (5AR6), D80A (5ARJ), PL3∙dUMP (5ARK) and D80A∙dCMP (5ARL) complexes have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA (http://www.rcsb.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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33
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Sia PI, Wood JP, Chidlow G, Sharma S, Craig J, Casson RJ. Role of the nucleolus in neurodegenerative diseases with particular reference to the retina: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 44:188-95. [PMID: 26427048 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus has emerged as a key regulator of cellular growth and the response to stress, in addition to its traditionally understood function in ribosome biogenesis. The association between nucleolar function and neurodegenerative disease is increasingly being explored. There is also recent evidence indicating that the nucleolus may well be crucial in the development of the eye. In this present review, the role of the nucleolus in retinal development as well as in neurodegeneration with an emphasis on the retina is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Sia
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pm Wood
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Yeo KJ, Hwang E, Min KM, Jee JG, Lee CK, Hwang KY, Jeon YH, Chang SI, Cheong HK. The dual binding site of angiogenin and its inhibition mechanism: the crystal structure of the rat angiogenin-heparin complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12966-9. [PMID: 25219815 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heparin complex of rat angiogenin revealed that a heparin strand is fitted into a positively charged groove formed by the dual binding site of rat angiogenin, suggesting that cell adhesion to angiogenin is facilitated by its interaction with substrates on the cell surface and can be inhibited by heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Joo Yeo
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML, Satriano C, Hansson Ö, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E, Martini C. ♦Copper (II) ions modulate Angiogenin activity in human endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mutational analysis of angiogenin gene in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112661. [PMID: 25386690 PMCID: PMC4227694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the angiogenic factor, angiogenin (ANG), have been identified in patients with both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and are thought to have a neuroprotective function. Parkinsonism has been noted in kindreds with ANG mutations and variants in the ANG gene have been found to associate with PD in two Caucasian populations. We therefore hypothesized that mutations in ANG may also contribute to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We sequenced ANG gene in a total of 1498 participants comprising 750 PD patients and 748 age/gender matched controls from Taiwan. We identified one novel synonymous substitution, c.C100T (p.L10L), in a single heterozygous state in one PD patient, which was not observed in controls. The clinical phenotypes and [99mTc]-TORDAT-SPECT images of the p.L10L carrier were similar to that seen in idiopathic PD. In addition, we also identified one common variant, c.T330G (p.G110G, rs11701), which was previously reported to associate with PD risk in Caucasians. However, the frequency of TG/GG genotype was comparable between PD cases and controls (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.29–2.55, P = 0.78). Our results did not support that ANG rs11701 variant is a genetic risk factor for PD in our population. We conclude that mutations in ANG are not a common cause for idiopathic PD.
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Campos-Melo D, Droppelmann CA, Volkening K, Strong MJ. RNA-binding proteins as molecular links between cancer and neurodegeneration. Biogerontology 2014; 15:587-610. [PMID: 25231915 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For many years, epidemiological studies have suggested an association between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders-two disease processes that seemingly have little in common. Although these two disease processes share disruptions in a wide range of cellular pathways, including cell survival, cell death and the cell cycle, the end result is very divergent: uncontrolled cell survival and proliferation in cancer and progressive neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration. Despite the clinical data connecting these two disease processes, little is known about the molecular links between them. Among the mechanisms affected in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, alterations in RNA metabolism are obtaining significant attention given the critical role for RNA transcription, maturation, transport, stability, degradation and translation in normal cellular function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are integral to each stage of RNA metabolism through their participation in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). RBPs have a broad range of functions including posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA stability, splicing, editing and translation, mRNA export and localization, mRNA polyadenylation and miRNA biogenesis, ultimately impacting the expression of every single gene in the cell. In this review, we examine the evidence for RBPs as being key a molecular linkages between cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Campos-Melo
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Blanco S, Dietmann S, Flores JV, Hussain S, Kutter C, Humphreys P, Lukk M, Lombard P, Treps L, Popis M, Kellner S, Hölter SM, Garrett L, Wurst W, Becker L, Klopstock T, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabĕ de Angelis M, Káradóttir RT, Helm M, Ule J, Gleeson JG, Odom DT, Frye M. Aberrant methylation of tRNAs links cellular stress to neuro-developmental disorders. EMBO J 2014; 33:2020-39. [PMID: 25063673 PMCID: PMC4195770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase NSun2 cause microcephaly and other neurological abnormalities in mice and human. How post-transcriptional methylation contributes to the human disease is currently unknown. By comparing gene expression data with global cytosine-5 RNA methylomes in patient fibroblasts and NSun2-deficient mice, we find that loss of cytosine-5 RNA methylation increases the angiogenin-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage of transfer RNAs (tRNA) leading to an accumulation of 5' tRNA-derived small RNA fragments. Accumulation of 5' tRNA fragments in the absence of NSun2 reduces protein translation rates and activates stress pathways leading to reduced cell size and increased apoptosis of cortical, hippocampal and striatal neurons. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that angiogenin binds with higher affinity to tRNAs lacking site-specific NSun2-mediated methylation and that the presence of 5' tRNA fragments is sufficient and required to trigger cellular stress responses. Furthermore, the enhanced sensitivity of NSun2-deficient brains to oxidative stress can be rescued through inhibition of angiogenin during embryogenesis. In conclusion, failure in NSun2-mediated tRNA methylation contributes to human diseases via stress-induced RNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blanco
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana V Flores
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shobbir Hussain
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CR-UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Humphreys
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margus Lukk
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CR-UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Lombard
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martyna Popis
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Kellner
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Munich, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Munich, Germany Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ragnhildur T Káradóttir
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Helm
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Diseases, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Duncan T Odom
- Li Ka Shing Centre, CR-UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michaela Frye
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Angiogenin interacts with ribonuclease inhibitor regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2782-92. [PMID: 25193113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG), a member of RNase A superfamily, is the only angiogenic factor that possesses ribonucleolytic activity. Recent studies showed that the expression of ANG was elevated in various types of cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that ANG plays an essential role in cancer progression by stimulating both cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Human ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), a cytoplasmic protein, is constructed almost entirely of leucine rich repeats (LRRs), which are present in a large family of proteins that are distinguished by their display of vast surface areas to foster protein-protein interactions. RI might be involved in unknown biological effects except inhibiting RNase A activity. The experiment demonstrated that RI also could suppress activity of angiogenin (ANG) through closely combining with it in vitro. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway exerts a key role in cell growth, survival, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. We recently reported that up-regulating RI inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of murine melanoma cells through repression of angiogenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, ANG receptors have not yet been identified to date, its related signal transduction pathways are not fully clear and underlying interacting mechanisms between RI and ANG remain largely unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that RI might combine with intracellular ANG to block its nuclear translocation and regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit biological functions of ANG. Here, we reported for the first time that ANG could interact with RI endogenously and exogenously by using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down. Furthermore, we observed the colocalization of ANG and RI in cells with immunofluorescence staining under laser confocal microscope. Moreover, through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, we further confirmed that these two proteins have a physical interaction in living cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that up-regulating ANG including ANG His37Ala mutant obviously decreased RI expression and activated phosphorylation of key downstream target molecules of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, up-regulating ANG led to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our data provided a novel mechanism of ANG in regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via RI, which suggested a new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Sheng J, Luo C, Jiang Y, Hinds PW, Xu Z, Hu GF. Transcription of angiogenin and ribonuclease 4 is regulated by RNA polymerase III elements and a CCCTC binding factor (CTCF)-dependent intragenic chromatin loop. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12520-34. [PMID: 24659782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.551762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) and ribonuclease 4 (RNASE4), two members of the secreted and vertebrate-specific ribonuclease superfamily, play important roles in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The ANG and RNASE4 genes share genetic regions with promoter activities, but the structure and regulation of these putative promotes are unknown. We have characterized the promoter regions, defined the transcription start site, and identified a mechanism of transcription regulation that involves both RNA polymerase III (Pol III) elements and CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) sites. We found that two Pol III elements within the promoter region influence ANG and RNASE4 expression in a position- and orientation-dependent manner. We also provide evidence for the presence of an intragenic chromatin loop between the two CTCF binding sites located in two introns flanking the ANG coding exon. We found that formation of this intragenic loop preferentially enhances ANG transcription. These results suggest a multilayer transcriptional regulation of ANG and RNASE4 gene locus. These data also add more direct evidence to the notion that Pol III elements are able to directly influence Pol II gene transcription. Furthermore, our data indicate that a CTCF-dependent chromatin loop is able to differentially regulate transcription of genes that share the same promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Sheng
- From the Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 and
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41
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Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism in human angiogenin using droplet-based microfluidics. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Parlato R, Liss B. How Parkinson's disease meets nucleolar stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:791-7. [PMID: 24412806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although the causes of PD are still not understood, aging is a predisposing factor and metabolic stress seems to be a common trigger. Interestingly, the response to stress conditions and quality control mechanisms is impaired in PD, as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Downregulation of rRNA transcription is one major strategy to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, as it limits energy consumption in disadvantageous circumstances. Altered rRNA transcription and disruption of nucleolar integrity are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and with aging. Nucleolar stress can be triggered by genetic and epigenetic factors, and by specific signaling mechanisms, that are altered in neurodegenerative disorders. The consequences of neuronal nucleolar stress seem to depend on p53 function, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and deregulation of protein translation. In this review, we will summarize findings identifying an emerging role of nucleolar stress for the onset and progression of in particular PD. Emphasis is given to similarities in molecular causes and consequences of nucleolar stress in other neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms by which nucleolar stress participates in PD could help identify novel risk factors, and develop new therapeutic strategies to slow down the progressive loss of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Dept. of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, although a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism of selected neuronal loss. A better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease process may be gained from research on animal models. While cell and tissue models are helpful in unraveling involved molecular pathways, animal models are much better suited to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies. The animal models most relevant to PD include those generated by neurotoxic chemicals that selectively disrupt the catecholaminergic system such as 6-hydroxydopamine; 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine; agricultural pesticide toxins, such as rotenone and paraquat; the ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors; inflammatory modulators; and several genetically manipulated models, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, Parkin, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic or knock-out animals. Genetic and nongenetic animal models have their own unique advantages and limitations, which must be considered when they are employed in the study of pathogenesis or treatment approaches. This review provides a summary and a critical review of our current knowledge about various in vivo models of PD used to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- />1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 China
| | - Pavani Sayana
- />Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Padmarao Nagar, Secunderabad, AP 500020 India
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- />Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Chon H, Chang SI, Lim DW, Choo J. Ultrasensitive Detection of Angiogenin Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Immunoassay Platform. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kirby J, Highley JR, Cox L, Goodall EF, Hewitt C, Hartley JA, Hollinger HC, Fox M, Ince PG, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ. Lack of unique neuropathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with p.K54E angiogenin (ANG) mutation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:562-71. [PMID: 23228179 PMCID: PMC3770927 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Five to 10% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are familial, with the most common genetic causes being mutations in the C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP and FUS genes. Mutations in the angiogenin gene, ANG, have been identified in both familial and sporadic patients in several populations within Europe and North America. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of ANG mutations in a large cohort of 517 patients from Northern England and establish the neuropathology associated with these cases. METHODS The single exon ANG gene was amplified, sequenced and analysed for mutations. Pathological examination of brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle included conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mutation screening identified a single sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case with a p.K54E mutation, which is absent from 278 neurologically normal control samples. The clinical presentation was of limb onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with rapid disease progression and no evidence of cognitive impairment. Neuropathological examination established the presence of characteristic ubiquitinated and TDP-43-positive neuronal and glial inclusions, but no abnormality in the distribution of angiogenin protein. DISCUSSION There is only one previous report describing the neuropathology in a single case with a p.K17I ANG mutation which highlighted the presence of eosinophilic neuronal intranuclear inclusions in the hippocampus. The absence of this feature in the present case indicates that patients with ANG mutations do not always have pathological changes distinguishable from those of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kirby
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Pizzo E, Sarcinelli C, Sheng J, Fusco S, Formiggini F, Netti P, Yu W, D'Alessio G, Hu GF. Ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 regulates stress-induced subcellular localization of angiogenin to control growth and survival. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4308-19. [PMID: 23843625 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) promotes cell growth and survival. Under growth conditions, ANG undergoes nuclear translocation and accumulates in the nucleolus where it stimulates rRNA transcription. When cells are stressed, ANG mediates the production of tRNA-derived stress-induced small RNA (tiRNA), which reprograms protein translation into a survival mechanism. The ribonucleolytic activity of ANG is essential for both processes but how this activity is regulated is unknown. We report here that ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (RNH1) controls both the localization and activity of ANG. Under growth conditions, ANG is located in the nucleus and is not associated with RNH1 so that the ribonucleolytic activity is retained to ensure rRNA transcription. Cytoplasmic ANG is associated with and inhibited by RNH1 so that random cleavage of cellular RNA is prevented. Under stress conditions, ANG is localized to the cytoplasm and is concentrated in stress granules where it is not associated with RNH1 and thus remains enzymatically active for tiRNA production. By contrast, nuclear ANG is associated with RNH1 in stressed cells to ensure that the enzymatic activity is inhibited and no unnecessary rRNA is produced to save anabolic energy. Knockdown of RNH1 abolished stress-induced relocalization of ANG and decreased cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
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Steidinger TU, Slone SR, Ding H, Standaert DG, Yacoubian TA. Angiogenin in Parkinson disease models: role of Akt phosphorylation and evaluation of AAV-mediated angiogenin expression in MPTP treated mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56092. [PMID: 23409128 PMCID: PMC3567051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic factor, angiogenin, has been recently linked to both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson Disease (PD). We have recently shown that endogenous angiogenin levels are dramatically reduced in an alpha-synuclein mouse model of PD and that exogenous angiogenin protects against cell loss in neurotoxin-based cellular models of PD. Here, we extend our studies to examine whether activation of the prosurvival Akt pathway is required for angiogenin's neuroprotective effects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), as observed in ALS models, and to test the effect of virally-mediated overexpression of angiogenin in an in vivo PD model. Using a dominant negative Akt construct, we demonstrate that inhibition of the Akt pathway does not reduce the protective effect of angiogenin against MPP+ toxicity in the dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line. Furthermore, an ALS-associated mutant of angiogenin, K40I, which fails to induce Akt phosphorylation, was similar to wildtype angiogenin in protection against MPP+. These results confirm previous work showing neuroprotective effects of angiogenin against MPP+, and indicate that Akt is not required for this protective effect. We also investigated whether adeno-associated viral serotype 2 (AAV2)-mediated overexpression of angiogenin protects against dopaminergic neuron loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model. We found that angiogenin overexpression using this approach does not reduce the MPTP-induced degeneration of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra, nor limit the depletion of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. Together, these findings extend the evidence for protective effects of angiogenin in vitro, but also suggest that further study of in vivo models is required to translate these effects into meaningful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent U. Steidinger
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sunny R. Slone
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Huiping Ding
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David G. Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Talene A. Yacoubian
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Structural and molecular insights into the mechanism of action of human angiogenin-ALS variants in neurons. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1121. [PMID: 23047679 PMCID: PMC3493651 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in angiogenin (ANG), a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily, are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; sporadic and familial) and Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that ANG is expressed in neurons during neuro-ectodermal differentiation, and that it has both neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. Here we report the atomic resolution structure of native ANG and 11 ANG-ALS variants. We correlate the structural changes to the effects on neuronal survival and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines. ANG-ALS variants that affect the structure of the catalytic site and either decrease or increase the RNase activity affect neuronal survival. Neuronal cell lines expressing the ANG-ALS variants also lack the ability to form stress granules. Our structure–function studies on these ANG-ALS variants are the first to provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying their role in ALS. Mutations in human angiogenin are implicated in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thiyagarajan and colleagues show that structural differences between angiogenin variants affect neuronal survival, and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines.
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Iyer S, Holloway DE, Acharya KR. Crystal structures of murine angiogenin-2 and -3-probing 'structure--function' relationships amongst angiogenin homologues. FEBS J 2012; 280:302-18. [PMID: 23170778 PMCID: PMC3572582 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin (Ang) is a potent inducer of neovascularization. Point mutations in human Ang have been linked to cancer progression and two neurodegenerative diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Intensive structural and functional analyses of Ang have been paramount in assigning functions to this novel homologue of bovine pancreatic RNase A. However, inhibitor-binding studies with crystalline Ang (for designing potential anti-cancer drugs) have been hampered as a result of the inaccessibility of the active site. Experiments with the murine homologues of Ang have not only overcome the obvious practical limitations encountered when studying the role of a human protein in healthy individuals, but also the crystal structures of murine angiogenins (mAng and mAng-4) have revealed themselves to have greater potential for the visualization of small-molecule inhibitor binding at the active site. In the present study, we report the crystal structures of two more murine Ang paralogues, mAng-2 and mAng-3, at 1.6 and 1.8 Å resolution, respectively. These constitute the first crystal structures of an Ang with a zinc ion bound at the active site and provide some insight into the possible mode of inhibition of the ribonucleolytic activity of the enzyme by these divalent cations. Both structures show that the residues forming the putative P1, B1 and B2 subsites occupy positions similar to their counterparts in human Ang and are likely to have conserved roles. However, a less obtrusive conformation of the C-terminal segment in mAng-3 and the presence of a sulfate ion in the B1 subsite of mAng-2 suggest that these proteins have the potential to be used for inhibitor-binding studies. We also discuss the biological relevance of the structural similarities and differences between the different Ang homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Iyer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathUK
| | | | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathUK
- Correspondence K. Ravi Acharya, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK Fax: +44 (0) 1225 386 779 Tel: +44 (0) 1225 386 238 E-mail:
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Liu B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Yang Q, Wang G, Ma J, Zhao J, Quinn TJ, Chen SD, Liu J. Angiogenin variants are not associated with Parkinson's disease in the ethnic Chinese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 19:446-7. [PMID: 23231972 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the angiogenin gene has been reported to be significantly associated with Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in populations of European and American ancestry. But there have been no studies investigating the association between angiogenin and Parkinson's disease in the ethnic Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between angiogenin and Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population from mainland China. We sequenced the exons of angiogenin in 532 Parkinson's disease patients and 480 controls. We did not detect an angiogenin coding region mutation in either the patients or the controls. Our data do not support the association of angiogenin variants with PD in Han Chinese of mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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