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Genetic Variability of the Populations of Phlebotomus papatasi, the Main Vector of Leishmania major, in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hamarsheh O, Karakuş M, Azmi K, Jaouadi K, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Krüger A, Amro A, Kenawy MA, Dokhan MR, Abdeen Z, McDowell MA. Development of polymorphic EST microsatellite markers for the sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29523212 PMCID: PMC5845265 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomus papatasi is a widely distributed sand fly species in different tropical and sub-tropical regions including the Middle East and North Africa. It is considered an important vector that transmits Leishmania major parasites, the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The development of microsatellite markers for this sand fly vector is of high interest to understand its population structure and to monitor its geographic dispersal. Results Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed with simple di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats. The F statistics calculated for the 14 markers revealed high genetic diversity; expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.407 to 0.767, while observed heterozygosity (Ho) was lower and ranged from 0.083 to 0.514. The number of alleles sampled fall in the range of 9–29. Three out of 14 markers deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected and high values for inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were likely due to inbreeding. Conclusions The development of these functional microsatellites enable a high resolution of P. papatasi populations. It opens a path for researchers to perform multi locus-based population genetic structure analyses, and comparative mapping, a part of the efforts to uncover the population dynamics of this vector, which is an important global strategy for understanding the epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2770-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA.
| | - Mehmet Karakuş
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kifaya Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Kaouther Jaouadi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02) Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas Krüger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Military Hospital Hamburg, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Amro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohamed Amin Kenawy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Ziad Abdeen
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mary Ann McDowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA
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Khalid NM, Aboud MA, Alrabba FM, Elnaiem DEA, Tripet F. Evidence for genetic differentiation at the microgeographic scale in Phlebotomus papatasi populations from Sudan. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:249. [PMID: 23146340 PMCID: PMC3503571 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Sudan. It is caused by Leishmania major parasites and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi sandflies. Recently, uncommon clinical manifestations of CL have been reported. Moreover, L. donovani parasites that cause Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have been isolated from CL lesions of some patients who contracted the disease in Khartoum State, Central Sudan with no history of travelling to VL endemic sites on south-eastern Sudan. Because different clinical manifestations and the parasite behaviour could be related to genetic differentiation, or even sub-structuring within sandfly vector populations, a population genetic study was conducted on P. papatasi populations collected from different localities in Khartoum State known for their uncommon CL cases and characterized by contrasting environmental conditions. Methods A set of seven microsatellite loci was used to investigate the population structure of P. papatasi samples collected from different localities in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Populations from Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and Egypt were also included in the analyses as outgroups. The level of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among natural populations of P. papatasi was determined using FST statistics and Bayesian assignments. Results Genetic analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST) between the Sudanese and the Egyptian populations. Within the Sudanese P. papatasi populations, one population from Gerif West, Khartoum State, exhibited significant genetic differentiation from all other populations including those collected as near as 22 km. Conclusion The significant genetic differentiation of Gerif West P. papatasi population from other Sudanese populations may have important implication for the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Khartoum State and needs to be further investigated. Primarily, it could be linked to the unique location of Gerif West which is confined by the River Nile and its tributaries that may act as a natural barrier for gene flow between this site and the other rural sites. The observed high migration rates and lack of genetic differentiation among the other P. papatasi populations could be attributed to the continuous human and cattle movement between these localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noteila M Khalid
- Department of Zoology, Khartoum College of Medical Science, PO Box 10995, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Hamarsheh O, Amro A. Characterization of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:189. [PMID: 21958493 PMCID: PMC3191335 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomus papatasi is a natural vector of Leishmania major, which causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in many countries. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites, are common in eukaryotic genomes and are short, repeated nucleotide sequence elements arrayed in tandem and flanked by non-repetitive regions. The enrichment methods used previously for finding new microsatellite loci in sand flies remain laborious and time consuming; in silico mining, which includes retrieval and screening of microsatellites from large amounts of sequence data from sequence data bases using microsatellite search tools can yield many new candidate markers. RESULTS Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were characterized in P. papatasi expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from a public database, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A total of 42,784 sequences were mined, and 1,499 SSRs were identified with a frequency of 3.5% and an average density of 15.55 kb per SSR. Dinucleotide motifs were the most common SSRs, accounting for 67% followed by tri-, tetra-, and penta-nucleotide repeats, accounting for 31.1%, 1.5%, and 0.1%, respectively. The length of microsatellites varied from 5 to 16 repeats. Dinucleotide types; AG and CT have the highest frequency. Dinucleotide SSR-ESTs are relatively biased toward an excess of (AX)n repeats and a low GC base content. Forty primer pairs were designed based on motif lengths for further experimental validation. CONCLUSION The first large-scale survey of SSRs derived from P. papatasi is presented; dinucleotide SSRs identified are more frequent than other types. EST data mining is an effective strategy to identify functional microsatellites in P. papatasi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, PO Box 51000, Jerusalem, Palestine.
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Hamarsheh O, Presber W, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Amro A, Al-Jawabreh A, Sawalha S, Al-Lahem A, Das ML, Guernaoui S, Seridi N, Dhiman RC, Hashiguchi Y, Ghrab J, Hassan M, Schönian G. Population structure and geographical subdivision of the Leishmania major vector Phlebotomus papatasi as revealed by microsatellite variation. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:69-77. [PMID: 19239616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) has been employed to infer the population structure of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandflies and assign individuals to populations. Phlebotomus papatasi sandflies were collected from 35 sites in 15 countries. A total of 188 P. papatasi individuals were typed using five microsatellite loci, resulting in 113 different genotypes. Unique microsatellite signatures were observed for some of the populations analysed. Comparable results were obtained when the data were analysed with Bayesian model and distance-based methods. Bayesian statistic-based analyses split the dataset into two distinct genetic clusters, A and B, with further substructuring within each. Population A consisted of five subpopulations representing large numbers of alleles that were correlated with the geographical origins of the sandflies. Cluster B comprised individuals collected in the Middle East and the northern Mediterranean area. The subpopulations B1 and B2 did not, however, show any further correlation to geographical origin. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations was supported by F statistics showing statistically significant (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.005) values of 0.221 between B2 and B1 and 0.816 between A5 and A4. Identification of the genetic structure of P. papatasi populations is important for understanding the patterns of dispersal of this species and to developing strategies for sandfly control.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.
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Boussaa S, Perrotey S, Boumezzough A, Harrak R, Hilali S, Pesson B. Isoenzymatic characterization of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the Marrakech area, Morocco. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2008; 45:370-374. [PMID: 18533428 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[370:icoppd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the genetic characterization of urban and rural populations of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Marrakech, Morocco. Using isoenzymatic analysis, four Moroccan populations were compared with other Mediterranean basin populations from Spain, Cyprus, and Syria. Morphological anomalies were noted in the male genitalia of 5.3% of the specimens collected from Marrakech area. Qualitative analysis of zymogram profiles revealed nine polymorphic enzymes (HK, PGM, PGI, 6PGD, MDH1, MDH2, ICD2, FUM, and ACO) and three monomorphic enzymes (ME, ICD1, and alphaGPDH). Genetic distances clearly separated the populations of western Mediterranean countries (Morocco and Spain) from eastern countries (Syria and Cyprus), but they could not be used to differentiate between urban and rural populations in Marrakech area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boussaa
- Equipe d'Ecologie Animale-Environnement, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc.
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Depaquit J, Lienard E, Verzeaux-Griffon A, Ferté H, Bounamous A, Gantier JC, Hanafi HA, Jacobson RL, Maroli M, Moin-Vaziri V, Müller F, Özbel Y, Svobodova M, Volf P, Léger N. Molecular homogeneity in diverse geographical populations of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera, Psychodidae) inferred from ND4 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:159-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hamarsheh O, Presber W, Abdeen Z, Sawalha S, Al-Lahem A, Schönian G. Genetic structure of Mediterranean populations of the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi by mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotype analysis. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2007; 21:270-7. [PMID: 17897368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff & Schokhor; which is the cause of self-limiting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. This sandfly is found in houses, animal shelters, caves and rodent burrows. It has a large geographical range, which includes the Middle East and the Mediterranean regions. A population analysis of colony and field specimens of P. papatasi was conducted on 25 populations originating from 10 countries. The distribution of haplotypes of the maternally inherited mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were analysed to assess the population differentiation of P. papatasi. Alignment of a 442-basepair region at the 3' end of the gene identified 21 haplotypes and 33 segregating sites from 131 sandflies. The pattern of sequence variations did not support the existence of a species complex. The median-joining network method was used to describe both the origin of the haplotypes and the population structure; haplotypes tended to cluster by geographical location, suggesting some level of genetic differentiation between populations. Our findings indicate the presence of significant population differentiation for populations derived from Syria, Turkey, Palestine, Israel, Jordan and Egypt. Knowledge of population differentiation among P. papatasi populations is important for understanding patterns of dispersal in this species and for planning appropriate control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamarsheh
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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