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Herzon I, Raatikainen KJ, Helm A, Rūsiņa S, Wehn S, Eriksson O. Semi-natural habitats in the European boreal region: Caught in the socio-ecological extinction vortex? AMBIO 2022; 51:1753-1763. [PMID: 35150395 PMCID: PMC9200910 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose to consider semi-natural habitats-hotspots for biodiversity-being caught in a socio-ecological extinction vortex, similar to the phenomenon described for species threatened with extinction. These habitats are essentially socioecological systems, in which socioeconomic drivers are interlinked with ecological processes. We identify four highly interlinked and mutually reinforcing socio-economic processes, pertaining to the importance of semi-natural habitats for (i) agricultural production, (ii) policy, research and development; (iii) vocational education in the fields of agricultural sciences and (iv) public's experiences with semi-natural habitats. Evidence from six countries in the boreal region demonstrates that recent slowing down or even reversal of two processes are insufficient to stop the extinction vortex phenomenon. We suggest research directions to ascertain the phenomenon, monitor its development and develop proactive actions to weaken the vortex. It is highly plausible that interventions directed at most, if not all, of the key vortex processes are needed to reverse the overall deteriorating trends of a socio-ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Herzon
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, University of Helsinki, P. O. 20 Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa J. Raatikainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O.Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Solvita Rūsiņa
- Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, 1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sølvi Wehn
- Milticonsult Renewable Energy, Sluppenveien 15, 7037 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Reinula I, Träger S, Hernández‐Agramonte IM, Helm A, Aavik T. Landscape genetic analysis suggests stronger effects of past than current landscape structure on genetic patterns of
Primula veris. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Reinula
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Aveliina Helm
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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Fu Q, Deng J, Chen M, Zhong Y, Lu GH, Wang YQ. Population genetic structure and connectivity of a riparian selfing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis at a fine-scale geographic level in subtropical monsoon forest. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:329. [PMID: 34238223 PMCID: PMC8265151 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivers and streams facilitate movement of individuals and their genes across the landscape and are generally recognized as dispersal corridors for riparian plants. Nevertheless, some authors have reported directly contrasting results, which may be attributed to a complex mixture of factors, such as the mating system and dispersal mechanisms of propagules (seed and pollen), that make it difficult to predict the genetic diversity and population structure of riparian species. Here, we investigated a riparian self-fertilizing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis, which does not use anemochory or zoochory for seed dispersal; such studies could contribute to an improved understanding of the effect of rivers or streams on population genetic diversity and structure in riparian plants. Using polymorphic ISSR and cpDNA loci, we studied the effect at a microgeographic scale of different stream systems (a linear stream, a dendritic stream, and complex transverse hydrological system) in subtropical monsoon forest on the genetic structure and connectivity of C. coenobialis populations across Dinghu Mountain (DH) and Nankun Mountain (NK). RESULTS The results indicate that the most recent haplotypes (DH: H7, H8; NK: h6, h7, h11, h12) are not shared among local populations of C. coenobialis within each stream system. Furthermore, downstream local populations do not accumulate genetic diversity, whether in the linear streamside local populations across DH (H: 0.091 vs 0.136) or the dendritic streamside local populations across NK (H: 0.079 vs 0.112, 0.110). Our results show that the connectivity of local C. coenobialis populations across DH and NK can be attributed to historical gene flows, resulting in a lack of spatial genetic structure, despite self-fertilization. Selfing C. coenobialis can maintain high genetic diversity (H = 0.251; I = 0.382) through genetic differentiation (GST = 0.5915; FST = 0.663), which is intensified by local adaptation and neutral mutation and/or genetic drift in local populations at a microgeographic scale. CONCLUSION We suggest that streams are not acting as corridors for dispersal of C. coenobialis, and conservation strategies for maintaining genetic diversity of selfing species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially isolated fragments in ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang R, Wang Y, Li K, Wang YQ. Genetic variation and population structure of clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a fine geographic scale: a comparison with two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 34107885 PMCID: PMC8191059 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has always been controversy over whether clonal plants have lower genetic diversity than plants that reproduce sexually. These conflicts could be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken into account the mating system of sexually reproducing plants and their phylogenetic distance. Moreover, most clonal plants in these previous studies regularly produce sexual progeny. Here, we describe a study examining the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and between local populations of fully clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a microgeographical scale and compare the results with data for the closely related selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Such studies could disentangle the phylogenetic and sexually reproducing effect on genetic variation of clonal plants, and thus contribute to an improved understanding in the clonally reproducing effects on genetic diversity and population structure. RESULTS The results revealed that the level of local population genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet was comparable to that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum and significantly higher than that of selfing Z. corallinum. However, the level of microgeographic genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet is comparable to that of selfing Z. corallinum and even slightly higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. The genetic differentiation among local populations of clonal Z. zerumbet was significantly lower than that of selfing Z. corallinum, but higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within local populations of Z. zerumbet compared with selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that fully clonal plants are able not only to maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity like outcrossing plants, but can also maintain a high level of microgeographic genetic diversity like selfing plant species, probably due to the accumulation of somatic mutations and absence of a capacity for sexual reproduction. We suggest that conservation strategies for the genetic diversity of clonal and selfing plant species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially fragments within ecosystems, while maintenance of large populations is a key to enhance the genetic diversity of outcrossing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Genetic variation of litter meadow species reflects gene flow by hay transfer and mowing with agricultural machines. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLitter meadows, historically established for litter production, are species-rich and diverse ecosystems. These meadows drastically declined during the last decades along with decreasing litter use in modern livestock housing. The aim of our study was to identify the drivers of genetic variation in litter meadow species. Therefore, we tested whether genetic diversity and differentiation depend on habitat age, landscape structure, habitat quality, and/or population size. We analysed 892 individuals of Angelica sylvestris, Filipendula ulmaria, and Succisa pratensis from 20 litter meadows across the Allgäu in Baden-Württemberg (Germany) using AFLP analyses. All study species showed moderate levels of genetic diversity, while genetic differentiation among populations was low. Neither genetic diversity nor differentiation were clearly driven by habitat age. However, landscape structure, habitat quality as well as population size revealed different impacts on the genetic diversity of our study species. Past and present landscape structures shaped the genetic diversity patterns of A. sylvestris and F. ulmaria. The genetic diversity of F. ulmaria populations was, moreover, influenced by the local habitat quality. S. pratensis populations seemed to be affected only by population size. All explanatory variables represent past as well as present gene flow patterns by anthropogenic land use. Therefore, we assume that genetic diversity and differentiation were shaped by both historical creation of litter meadows via hay transfer and present mowing with agricultural machines. These land use practices caused and still cause gene flow among populations in the declining habitats.
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Yamashiro T, Yamashiro A, Inoue M, Maki M. Genetic Diversity and Divergence in Populations of the Threatened Grassland PerennialVincetoxicum atratum(Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) in Japan. J Hered 2016; 107:455-62. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Conservation genetics of the annual hemiparasitic plant Melampyrum sylvaticum (Orobanchaceae) in the UK and Scandinavia. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Giovino A, Domina G, Bazan G, Campisi P, Scibetta S. Taxonomy and conservation ofPancratium maritimum(Amaryllidaceae) and relatives in the Central Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1089416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Psaroudaki A, Nikoloudakis N, Skaracis G, Katsiotis A. Genetic structure and population diversity of eleven edible herbs of Eastern Crete. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:7. [PMID: 26140277 PMCID: PMC4488954 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-015-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The present work aimed to investigate the genetic structure of 11 edible herbs grown in the wild of eastern Crete that are becoming vulnerable due to habitat destruction and unregulated harvesting. Thirty three populations (268 individuals) of Reichardia picroides, Scolymus hispanicus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Leontodon tuberosus, Cichorium spinosum, Sonchus asper ssp. glaucescens, Urospermum picroides, Prasium majus, Hypochoeris radicata, Centaurea raphanina ssp. raphanina and Anagallis arvensis were collected and identified from nine regions with distinct microclimate (Lassithi prefecture), and their genetic composition was studied by means of RAPD markers. Results A total of ten primers per population were used to detect genetic diversity and bootstrap analysis was conducted for clustering the samples. High levels of heterogeneity were revealed while the Analysis of Molecular Variance documented that variance was allocated mainly within populations and at a lesser extent among populations. Fst values among regions were moderate to high, suggesting partial population fragmentation. Bayesian structure analysis revealed fine genetic composition and substantial admixture between species present in different regions, although clustering was mainly geographically related. Conclusions High altitude regions, with little residential and agricultural development (Kefala, Agrilos, Ziros and Tziritis), were the areas where high biodiversity was detected. On the other hand, coastal regions had lower biodiversity, probably due to degradation of their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Psaroudaki
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, Greece ; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Crete, Tripitos, Sitia Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Athinon and Anexartisias 57, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Skaracis
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Katsiotis
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Athinon and Anexartisias 57, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
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Aparicio A, Hampe A, Fernández-Carrillo L, Albaladejo RG. Fragmentation and comparative genetic structure of four mediterranean woody species: complex interactions between life history traits and the landscape context. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Winkler M, Koch M, Hietz P. High gene flow in epiphytic ferns despite habitat loss and fragmentation. CONSERV GENET 2011; 12:1411-1420. [PMID: 23935561 PMCID: PMC3733518 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane forests suffer from increasing fragmentation and replacement by other types of land-use such as coffee plantations. These processes are known to affect gene flow and genetic structure of plant populations. Epiphytes are particularly vulnerable because they depend on their supporting trees for their entire life-cycle. We compared population genetic structure and genetic diversity derived from AFLP markers of two epiphytic fern species differing in their ability to colonize secondary habitats. One species, Pleopeltis crassinervata, is a successful colonizer of shade trees and isolated trees whereas the other species, Polypodium rhodopleuron, is restricted to forests with anthropogenic separation leading to significant isolation between populations. By far most genetic variation was distributed within rather than among populations in both species, and a genetic admixture analysis did not reveal any clustering. Gene flow exceeded by far the benchmark of one migrant per generation to prevent genetic divergence between populations in both species. Though populations are threatened by habitat loss, long-distance dispersal is likely to support gene flow even between distant populations, which efficiently delays genetic isolation. Consequently, populations may rather be threatened by ecological consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Winkler
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (Boku), Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (Boku), Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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Wagner V, Durka W, Hensen I. Increased genetic differentiation but no reduced genetic diversity in peripheral vs. central populations of a steppe grass. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1173-1179. [PMID: 21700808 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Intraspecific genetic variation is essential for the performance and evolution of species. Populations at a species' geographic range periphery receive considerable attention in biogeography and conservation because they are smaller and spatially more isolated than central populations, a pattern expected to lead to higher genetic differentiation and lower within-population genetic diversity. We tested these predictions in central and peripheral populations of the Eurasian steppe grass Stipa capillata. METHODS We analyzed AFLP fingerprint patterns in 319 individuals from 20 large and abundant populations in the core, in Kazakhstan, and 23 small and isolated populations at the periphery, in Central Europe. We calculated different genetic diversity estimates and assessed genetic differentiation among populations by examining F(ST) values, a neighbor-net network, and an AMOVA. KEY RESULTS As expected, genetic differentiation among populations was significantly larger at the range periphery (F(ST) = 0.415) than in the range core (F(ST) = 0.164). In contrast to predictions, however, we found similarly low genetic diversity within central (proportion of polymorphic bands = 21.9%) and peripheral (20%) populations. CONCLUSIONS Higher genetic differentiation in the small and spatially isolated peripheral populations is likely driven by genetic drift and reduced gene flow due to a complex landscape structure and the abandonment of traditional management regimes. With regard to unchanged genetic diversity, it appears that life-history traits like longevity or sufficiently large population sizes could allow S. capillata to escape deleterious effects at the range edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wagner
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany.
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Diversity and distribution of diapausing aquatic invertebrates in inland wetlands: An ecosystem conservation viewpoint. J Nat Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Picó FX, Quintana-Ascencio PF, Mildén M, Ehrlén J, Pfingsten I. Modelling the effects of genetics and habitat on the demography of a grassland herb. Basic Appl Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Becker U, Dostal P, Jorritsma-Wienk LD, Matthies D. The spatial scale of adaptive population differentiation in a wide-spread, well-dispersed plant species. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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