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Alnakip MEA, Rhouma NR, Abd-Elfatah EN, Quintela-Baluja M, Böhme K, Fernández-No I, Bayoumi MA, Abdelhafez MM, Taboada-Rodríguez A, Calo-Mata P, Barros-Velázquez J. Discrimination of major and minor streptococci incriminated in bovine mastitis by MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:426-438. [PMID: 32777539 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current work investigated the discriminatory potential of MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting towards most-relevant major (Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis) and minor (S. canis, S. parauberis, S. salivarius, S. equinus and S. gallolyticus) streptococci involved in bovine mastitis (BM), in comparison to 16S rRNA gene sequencing (GS)-based identification. The MALDI-TOF MS-generated spectral fingerprints were recruited for eliciting a detailed proteomic map that demonstrated clear variability for inter- and intra-species-specific biomarkers. Besides, a phyloproteomic dendrogram was evolved and comparatively analyzed against the phylogenetic one obtained from 16S rRNA GS in order to assess the differentiation of streptococci of bovine origin based on variability of protein fingerprints versus the variation of 16S rRNA gene homology. Results showed that the discrimination of BM-implicated streptococci can be obtained by both approaches; however MALDI-TOF MS was superior, achieving more variability at both intra- and sub-species levels. MALDI-TOF MS spectral analytics revealed that Streptococcus spp. exhibited three genus-specific biomarkers (peaks with m/z values at 2112, 4452 and 5955) and all streptococci exhibited spectral variability at both species and subspecies levels. Remarkably, MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting was found to be at least as robust as 16S rRNA GS-based identification, allowing much cheaper and faster analysis, and additionally exhibiting high reliability for characterization of BM-implicated streptococci, thus proving to be a powerful tool that can be used independently within dairy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E A Alnakip
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nasreddin R Rhouma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Libya; Department of Food science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Misurata University, Libya
| | - Eman N Abd-Elfatah
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Karola Böhme
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández-No
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mohmaed A Bayoumi
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Abdelhafez
- Department of Food science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Misurata University, Libya
| | - Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Murcia university, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pillar Calo-Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Lugo, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Zadoks RN, Middleton JR, McDougall S, Katholm J, Schukken YH. Molecular epidemiology of mastitis pathogens of dairy cattle and comparative relevance to humans. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:357-72. [PMID: 21968538 PMCID: PMC3208832 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, can be caused by a wide range of organisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas and algae. Many microbial species that are common causes of bovine mastitis, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus also occur as commensals or pathogens of humans whereas other causative species, such as Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or Staphylococcus chromogenes, are almost exclusively found in animals. A wide range of molecular typing methods have been used in the past two decades to investigate the epidemiology of bovine mastitis at the subspecies level. These include comparative typing methods that are based on electrophoretic banding patterns, library typing methods that are based on the sequence of selected genes, virulence gene arrays and whole genome sequencing projects. The strain distribution of mastitis pathogens has been investigated within individual animals and across animals, herds, countries and host species, with consideration of the mammary gland, other animal or human body sites, and environmental sources. Molecular epidemiological studies have contributed considerably to our understanding of sources, transmission routes, and prognosis for many bovine mastitis pathogens and to our understanding of mechanisms of host-adaptation and disease causation. In this review, we summarize knowledge gleaned from two decades of molecular epidemiological studies of mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle and discuss aspects of comparative relevance to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK.
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3
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Saeger JL, Hale AB. Genetic Variation within a Lotic Population of Janthinobacterium lividum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:2214-9. [PMID: 16348995 PMCID: PMC182260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.7.2214-2219.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the genetic variation within and between populations should allow scientists to address many problems, including those associated with endangered species and the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. With respect to microorganisms, the release of genetically engineered microorganisms is likely to increase dramatically given the current growth in the bioremediation industry. In this study, genetic variation within a lotic, bacterial population of Janthinobacterium lividum was measured with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Chromosomal DNA from 10 Kettle Creek (Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Kempton, Pa.) J. lividum isolates was digested with six restriction endonucleases and probed with a 7.5-kb pKK3535 fragment containing the E. coli rrnB rRNA operon. Genetic variation, as measured in terms of nucleotide diversity, was high within the population. The 0.0781 value for genetic variation was especially high given the conservative nature of the genetic probe. The average percent similarity among isolates within the population was 67.25%. Pairwise comparisons of nucleotide diversity values (pi) and similarity coefficients (F) yielded values ranging from 0.0032 to 0.1816 and 0.3363 to 0.9808, respectively. Putative clonemates were not present within the group of isolates; however, all isolates shared 14 fragments across a spectrum of six restriction enzymes. The presence of these common fragments indicates that restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis may provide population- or species-specific diagnostic markers for J. lividum. Data that suggest a plume effect with respect to the downstream movement of J. lividum are also presented. An increase in genetic variation within groups of isolates along the longitudinal gradient of Kettle Creek is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Saeger
- Department of Biology, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196
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4
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Pitkälä A, Koort J, Björkroth J. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from bovine milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2009; 91:4075-81. [PMID: 18832235 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conventional identification of Streptococcus uberis/parauberis group (n = 137) in clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis samples originating from 111 different farms was compared with identification based on 16 and 23S rRNA gene HindIII RFLP patterns used as operational taxonomic units in numerical analyses. On the basis of ribopattern analysis only 2 isolates belonged to S. parauberis, which is thus not a frequent cause of bovine intramammary infections in Finland. According to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Streptococcus uberis is susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. The prevalence of erythromycin (15.6%) and oxytetracycline (40.6%) resistance of clinical S. uberis isolates was higher than reported previously among subclinical isolates. The 2 subclinical S. parauberis isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pitkälä
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Duffner F, O'Connell M. Comparative evaluation of plasmid profiling and ribotyping in the analysis ofLactobacillus plantarumstrain heterogeneity in silage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb01668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Baeck GW, Kim JH, Gomez DK, Park SC. Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus sp. from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Jeju Island. J Vet Sci 2006; 7:53-8. [PMID: 16434850 PMCID: PMC3242086 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus sp. is gram-positive coccus that causes streptococcal infections in fish due to intensification of aquaculture and caused significant economic losses in fish farm industry. A streptococcal infection occurred from cultured diseased olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in May, 2005 at a fish farm in Jeju Island, Korea. The diseased flounder exhibited bilateral exophthalmic eyes and rotten gills; water temperature was 16~18℃ when samples were collected. Of the 22 fish samples collected, 3 samples were identified as Lactococcus garvieae and 18 samples were identified as Streptococcus parauberis by culture-based, biochemical test. Serological methods such as slide agglutination, hemolysis and antimicrobial susceptibility test were also used as well as multiplex PCR-based method to simultaneously detect and confirm the pathogens involved in the infection. S. parauberis and L. garvieae have a target region of 700 and 1100 bp., respectively. One fish sample was not identified because of the difference in the different biochemical and serological tests and was negative in PCR assay. In the present study, it showed that S. parauberis was the dominant species that caused streptococcosis in the cultured diseased flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Wook Baeck
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
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Joung KB, Lemaire SP, Côté JC. Genetic diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis serovars revealed by RFLP using random DNA probes. J Basic Microbiol 2002; 41:85-95. [PMID: 11441463 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4028(200105)41:2<85::aid-jobm85>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EcoRI and HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles using 2 random DNA probes, named 104 and 106, were generated for 85 B. thuringiensis strains. These include 80 serovars, 4 intra-serovar strains: kurstaki HD-1, dendrolimus, tenebrionis and sandiego, and a non-serotypeable strain B. thuringiensis var. wuhanensis. A total of 47 EcoRI and 65 HindIII restriction patterns were generated when hybridization results from both probes were combined. Seventy-seven B. thuringiensis strains showed distinctive hybridization profiles. The dendrogram resulting from the numerical analysis of the distance matrix revealed fourteen distinct phylogenetic groups at the 96% banding patterns similarity. The intra-serovar strains showed higher similarity with their respective type serovars. However, different serovars from a common H-serotype did not always cluster in the same phylogenetic group. Alternatively, several mosquitocidal serovars clustered in a single phylogenetic group. The correlation between serotyping and banding pattern similarity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Joung
- Programme de Doctorat en Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Phuektes P, Mansell PD, Dyson RS, Hooper ND, Dick JS, Browning GF. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus uberis isolates from dairy cows with mastitis. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:1460-6. [PMID: 11283072 PMCID: PMC87955 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.4.1460-1466.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were used as tools to investigate the epidemiology of Streptococcus uberis mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 62 different strains were found among 138 isolates from the four herds investigated, and between 10 and 26 different strains were found in each herd. There was no strain common to all four herds. Identical strains of S. uberis were detected from different quarters of individual cows and from cows within the same herd, suggesting that transmission from quarter to quarter and cow to cow had occurred. Despite the great variation in S. uberis strains, persistent infection with the same strain within a lactation was observed in most cows. Predominant strains were present in two herds. Preliminary investigations could not clarify why these particular strains might predominate, but in one herd there was a significant difference between the prevalence of clinical mastitis in quarters infected with the predominant strain and that in quarters infected with other strains, suggesting the greater virulence of the predominant strain. The wide variety of S. uberis strains found is consistent with an environmental source of S. uberis. However, evidence of direct transmission, the persistence of infection, and the predominance of particular strains in some herds indicate that S. uberis infections are epidemiologically complex and that the relative importance of these factors in the occurrence of mastitis may differ between herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Phuektes
- Veterinary Preclinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Bentley RW, Leigh JA. Determination of 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy number in Streptococcus uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. parauberis. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1995; 12:1-7. [PMID: 8580896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1995.tb00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific oligonucleotide probes and a universal oligonucleotide probe derived from sequences of 16S rRNA were hybridised to chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. parauberis and S. uberis following digestion with EcoRI. Due to the presence of a unique EcoRI site in each 16S rRNA gene, the number of hybridised fragments was indicative of the number of 16S rRNA genes. Southern hybridisation indicated six 16S rRNA genes in ten isolates of S. agalactiae, five genes in ten isolates of S. uberis, five genes in six isolates and six in another isolate of S. dysgalactiae, and six genes in four isolates of S. parauberis. For a fifth isolate of S. parauberis, six 16S rRNA genes were indicated by the universal probe but only five when hybridised to the species-specific probe, indicating sequence variation (microheterogeneity) within the probe target region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Bentley
- Institute for Animal Health, Newbury, Berkshire, UK
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10
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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum, Originating from Intestinal Mucosa, Based on 16S rRNA Genes. Syst Appl Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Bentley RW, Leigh JA, Collins MD. Development and use of species-specific oligonucleotide probes for differentiation of Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:57-60. [PMID: 8417033 PMCID: PMC262621 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.1.57-60.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide probes specific for 16S rRNA and capable of differentiating Streptococcus uberis and S. parauberis from each other and other esculin-hydrolyzing streptococci were developed. Use of a mini-RNA extraction technique for gram-positive cocci associated with bovine mastitis has allowed the probes to be used for identification of esculin-hydrolyzing streptococci from two dairy herds at the Institute for Animal Health, Compton, United Kingdom. One hundred seventy-nine of 206 isolates were identified as S. uberis, 3 were identified as S. parauberis, and 24 were not identified. Isolates not identified by the probes were tested biochemically and found to be mainly Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, or S. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Bentley
- AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, United Kingdom
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12
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Köhler G, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH. Differentiation of lactococci by rRNA gene restriction analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1991; 84:307-12. [PMID: 1687138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the subspecies of Lactococcus lactis could be differentiated by rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). 16S rRNA-specific oligonucleotide as well as polynucleotide DNA probes were used for the detection of restriction fragments. In addition, a site-specific probe was designed for the intergenic spacer region of 23S and 5S rRNA genes. For all lactococcal strains the putative presence of six rRNA operons was confirmed. A non-radioactive hybridization assay was used based on hybrid detection by chemiluminescence. Specific patterns were found for any of the strains investigated. Subspecies-specific restriction fragments could be identified in addition to the strain-specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Köhler
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, F.R.G
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13
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Rodrigues UM, Aguirre M, Facklam RR, Collins MD. Specific and intraspecific molecular typing of lactococci based on polymorphism of DNA encoding rRNA. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1991; 71:509-16. [PMID: 1685731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rRNA gene restriction patterns or species of the genus Lactococcus were determined. Chromosomal DNA was digested with endonucleases and probed with radiolabelled DNA complementary to rRNA synthesized by random oligonucleotide priming using reverse transcriptase. Highly discriminatory restriction patterns were obtained which served to distinguish the five currently recognized lactococcal species. In addition the observed variations in the patterns at intra-specific level indicate that rRNA gene restriction fingerprinting may be of value in distinguishing the individual strains for epidemiological studies, and monitoring and checking authenticity of starter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, AFRC Institute of Food Research, Shinfield, Reading, UK
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Devriese LA. Streptococcal ecovars associated with different animal species: epidemiological significance of serogroups and biotypes. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1991; 71:478-83. [PMID: 1778843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb03821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Devriese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Belgium
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