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Zafeiriadis S, Adamaki-Sotiraki C, Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG. Beyond carrots: Evaluation of gelling agents as wet feeds for Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142783. [PMID: 38972459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that larvae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), need a source of moisture to grow and perform well. Currently, much research has been oriented towards the effect of dry feed on larval growth and performance. The effect of different wet feeds as moisture source on the performance traits of T. molitor larvae has not been thoroughly investigated yet. This study aims to investigate in laboratory trials the effect of various gelling agents (agar, carrageenans, guar gum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, modified starch, and pectin) on the growth and performance of T. molitor larvae. A number of 50 newly emerged larvae obtained from the rearings of the LEAZ were inserted in plastic vials together with 4 g of wheat bran as dry feed. Additionally, 1 g of gelling agents was provided 3 times per week as moisture sources. Carrot slices served as control. Larval survival and weight were recorded weekly until the appearance of the first pupa. Dry feed was replenished when depleted. Our data showed that gelling agents efficiently supported the growth of T. molitor larvae, in terms of larval survival and weight, as well as feed utilization expressed as FCR. Interestingly, carrageenans seem to be the most appropriate gelling agent for T. molitor larvae rearing as it can enhance their weight and is also able to reduce their development time and their specific growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zafeiriadis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece.
| | - C Adamaki-Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - C I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - C G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
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2
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Wu M, Liu Y, Liu C, Cui Q, Zheng X, Fatehi P, Li B. Core-Shell Filament with Excellent Wound Healing Property Made of Cellulose Nanofibrils and Guar Gum via Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation Spinning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205867. [PMID: 36433832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymer-based sutures have attractive cytocompatibility and degradability in surgical operations. Herein, anionic cellulose nanofibrils (ACNF) and cationic guar gum (CGG) are employed to produce nontoxic CGG/ACNF composite filament with a unique core-shell structure via interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) spinning. The comprehensive characterization and application performance of the resultant CGG/ACNF filament as a surgical suture are thoroughly investigated in comparison with silk and PGLA (90% glycolide and 10% l-lactide) sutures in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results show that the CGG/ACNF filament with the typical core-shell structure and nervation pattern surface exhibits a high orientation index (0.74) and good mechanical properties. The tensile strength and knotting strength of CGG/ACNF suture prepared by twisting CGG/ACNF filaments increase by 69.5%, and CGG/ACNF suture has a similar friction coefficient to silk and PGLA sutures. Moreover, CGG/ACNF suture with antibiosis and cytocompatibility exhibits better growth promotion of cells than silk suture, similar to PGLA suture in vitro. In addition, the stitching experiment of mice with the CGG/ACNF suture further confirms better healing properties and less inflammation in vivo than silk and PGLA sutures do. Hence, the CGG/ACNF suture with a simple preparation method and excellent application properties is promising in surgical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
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3
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Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Chang Y, Liang X, Zhang H, Lin X, Qing K, Zhou X, Luo Z. The Effects of Ventilation, Humidity, and Temperature on Bacterial Growth and Bacterial Genera Distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215345. [PMID: 36430064 PMCID: PMC9691097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria are readily nourished in airtight environments with high humidity, such as storage cabinets, clothing closets, and corners, where ventilation is normally low and humidity is high. OBJECTIVES We characterized the role of humidity and ventilation in bacterial growth and genus distribution at different temperatures (26 °C and 34 °C). METHODS Fresh pork, which was used as the substrate for bacterial culture, was placed in storage cabinets. Bacterial growth and genera distribution on the surface of pork placed in a storage cabinet under different temperatures (26 °C and 34 °C); relative humidity levels (RH: 50%, 70%, 90%); and ventilation conditions (no ventilation and low, medium, and high levels of ventilation) were assessed by rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Increased ventilation and reduced humidity significantly decreased bacterial growth at 26 °C and 34 °C. The contribution of increased ventilation to the reduction in bacterial growth exceeded that of decreased humidity. Ventilation had the greatest effect on reducing bacterial growth compared to the unventilated conditions at 70% RH. At 34 °C, medium and high levels of ventilation were required to reduce bacterial growth. High temperatures greatly increased bacterial growth, but ventilation could reduce the degree of this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qiu
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yanfen Chang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 2506, USA
| | - Xiaorui Lin
- China Vanke Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ke Qing
- China Vanke Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
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4
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Sardelli L, Vangosa FB, Merli M, Ziccarelli A, Visentin S, Visai L, Petrini P. Bioinspired in vitro intestinal mucus model for 3D-dynamic culture of bacteria. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213022. [PMID: 35891596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucus is a biological barrier that supports the intestinal microbiota growth and filters molecules. To perform these functions, mucus possesses optimized microstructure and viscoelastic properties and it is steadily replenished thus flowing along the gut. The available in vitro intestinal mucus models are useful tools in investigating the microbiota-human cells interaction, and are used as matrices for bacterial culture or as static component of microfluidic devices like gut-on-chips. The aim of this work is to engineer an in vitro mucus models (I-Bac3Gel) addressing in a single system physiological viscoelastic properties (i.e., 2-200 Pa), 3D structure and suitability for dynamic bacterial culture. Homogeneously crosslinked alginate hydrogels are optimized in composition to obtain target viscoelastic and microstructural properties. Then, rheological tests are exploited to assess a priori the hydrogels capability to withstand the flow dynamic condition. We experimentally assess the suitability of I-Bac3Gels in the evolving field of microfluidics by applying a dynamic flow to a bacterial-loaded mucus model and by monitoring E. coli growth and survival. The engineered models represent a step forward in the modelling of the mucus, since they can answer to different urgent needs such as a 3D structure, bioinspired properties and compatibility with dynamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Briatico Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Merli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ziccarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Hou QL, Chen EH, Dou W, Wang JJ. Assessment of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Diets on Adult Fecundity and Larval Development: Insights Into Employing the Sterile Insect Technique. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5700868. [PMID: 31927595 PMCID: PMC6955104 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a notorious insect pest that attacks diverse vegetables and fruits worldwide. The sterile insect technique has been developed as an environmentally friendly and effective control method that depends on the mass production of target flies. Because dietary yeast (protein) and sucrose (carbohydrate) are important in adult diets, yeast:sucrose (Y:S) mixtures are crucial for the mass-rearing of B. dorsalis. In this study, we found adult diets with different ratios of yeast to sucrose-influenced fecundity, and an extremely high or low Y:S ratios significantly decreased egg production of B. dorsalis. Additionally, the maximum oviposition efficiency was realized at dietary yeast to sucrose ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, suggesting their potential use to produce more eggs for the mass production of B. dorsalis. Here, new gel diets having different yeast concentrations (g/L water) were also assessed for rearing B. dorsalis larvae. Gel diets containing 20 g/L yeast led to a higher pupation, pupal weight and adult eclosion rate, and a shorter developmental time than other yeast concentrations. Moreover, the present gel diet also resulted in greater pupal production and adult emergence rates than previously used liquid and solid artificial diets, revealing that it is suitable for rearing B. dorsalis larvae. This research provides a useful reference on artificial diets mixtures for mass rearing B. dorsalis, which is critical for employing the sterile insect technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yanzhou, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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6
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Performance of Low-Cost Agar from Gracilaria salicornia on Tissue Culture of Pleurotus HK-37. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:2565692. [PMID: 31780875 PMCID: PMC6874929 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2565692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the demand of Pleurotus HK-37 (oyster mushroom) in Tanzania is growing rapidly due to the increasing of awareness on its nutrition, health, and economic benefits. Despite the increasing demand, the availability of strains of Pleurotus HK-37 species is still a challenge due to high cost of tissue culture technology. The high cost of importing agar seems to be among the factors for this failure. This study aimed at investigating the performance of low-cost agar from local Gracilaria salicornia on tissue culture of Pleurotus HK-37. Local extracted agars with different gel strengths ranging between 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g/cm2 were used to make PDA media. The average mycelia growth rate (mm/day) ranged between 9.87 ± 1.44 and 14.9 ± 0.85 mm/day. Low-cost agar shows quite similar performance as that of standard agar on active growth of Pleurotus HK-37 mycelia. All PDA plates appeared white and feathery and showed to grow in a circular mode (radial extension). Mycelia growth on standard agar PDA took 5 days while on extracted local agar PDA took 5 to 7 days to fully colonize the plate at 27 ± 2°C. The present study shows that the production cost can be reduced by ∼35–78% by using local agar.
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7
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Li Y, Wang S, Guo J, Chen R, Zhao F, Liu Y. Reducing adsorption of hydroxypropyl guar gum on sandstone by silicon nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:21-28. [PMID: 31151518 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) is commonly used as the thicker of the fracturing fluid. It will be adsorbed on the sandstone that leads to decrease the permeability of the reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the adsorption of HPG to decrease the permeability damage. The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNP) on the adsorption properties of HPG has been studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to confirm the interaction force between HPG and sandstone. It is clear that hydrogen bonds is an important force of adsorption between HPG and sandstone. SNP can break hydrogen bonds between HPG and sandstone by occupying the rock surface, while altering the wettability of the rock. This results in effectively reducing the amount of HPG adsorption and retaining larger pores of the core after flooding with fracturing fluids. Adding SNP to HPG is an effective method to reduce reservoir damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jianchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Ruiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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8
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Yin Z, Wang Y, Wang K, Zhang C. The adsorption behavior of hydroxypropyl guar gum onto quartz sand. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Ren D, Chen P, Wang Y, Bi Y, Liu H, Li Y. Research and application on the characteristics of compound cold water soluble gel in petrifilm aerobic count plates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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The value of cultures to modern microbiology. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1247-1256. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Jaeger PA, McElfresh C, Wong LR, Ideker T. Beyond Agar: Gel Substrates with Improved Optical Clarity and Drug Efficiency and Reduced Autofluorescence for Microbial Growth Experiments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5639-49. [PMID: 26070672 PMCID: PMC4510171 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01327-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agar, a seaweed extract, has been the standard support matrix for microbial experiments for over a century. Recent developments in high-throughput genetic screens have created a need to reevaluate the suitability of agar for use as colony support, as modern robotic printing systems now routinely spot thousands of colonies within the area of a single microtiter plate. Identifying optimal biophysical, biochemical, and biological properties of the gel support matrix in these extreme experimental conditions is instrumental to achieving the best possible reproducibility and sensitivity. Here we systematically evaluate a range of gelling agents by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model microbe. We find that carrageenan and Phytagel have superior optical clarity and reduced autofluorescence, crucial for high-resolution imaging and fluorescent reporter screens. Nutrient choice and use of refined Noble agar or pure agarose reduce the effective dose of numerous selective drugs by >50%, potentially enabling large cost savings in genetic screens. Using thousands of mutant yeast strains to compare colony growth between substrates, we found no evidence of significant growth or nutrient biases between gel substrates, indicating that researchers could freely pick and choose the optimal gel for their respective application and experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Jaeger
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cameron McElfresh
- Nanoengineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lily R Wong
- Bioengineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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12
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Das N, Tripathi N, Basu S, Bose C, Maitra S, Khurana S. Progress in the development of gelling agents for improved culturability of microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:698. [PMID: 26257708 PMCID: PMC4511835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelling agents are required for formulating both solid and semisolid media, vital for the isolation of microorganisms. Gelatin was the first gelling agent to be discovered but it soon paved the way for agar, which has far superior material qualities. Source depletion, issues with polymerase-chain-reaction and inability to sustain extermophiles etc., necessitate the need of other gelling agents. Many new gelling agents, such as xantham gum, gellan gum, carrageenan, isubgol, and guar gum have been formulated, raising the hopes for the growth of previously unculturable microorganisms. We evaluate the progress in the development of gelling agents, with the hope that our synthesis would help accelerate research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabajit Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Naveen Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Srijoni Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Chandra Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
| | - Susmit Maitra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology UniversityBhubaneswar, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataKolkata, India
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13
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Yin N, Santos TMA, Auer GK, Crooks JA, Oliver PM, Weibel DB. Bacterial cellulose as a substrate for microbial cell culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:1926-32. [PMID: 24441155 PMCID: PMC3957650 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03452-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has a range of structural and physicochemical properties that make it a particularly useful material for the culture of bacteria. We studied the growth of 14 genera of bacteria on BC substrates produced by Acetobacter xylinum and compared the results to growth on the commercially available biopolymers agar, gellan, and xanthan. We demonstrate that BC produces rates of bacterial cell growth that typically exceed those on the commercial biopolymers and yields cultures with higher titers of cells at stationary phase. The morphology of the cells did not change during growth on BC. The rates of nutrient diffusion in BC being higher than those in other biopolymers is likely a primary factor that leads to higher growth rates. Collectively, our results suggest that the use of BC may open new avenues in microbiology by facilitating bacterial cell culture and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thiago M. A. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George K. Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John A. Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Piercen M. Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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NAJJAR Z, FURLONG C, STEPHENS N, SHADBOLT C, MAYWOOD P, CONATY S, HOGG G. An outbreak of Salmonella Infantis gastroenteritis in a residential aged care facility associated with thickened fluids. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 140:2264-72. [PMID: 22335962 PMCID: PMC9152335 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-two confirmed cases of Salmonella Infantis were identified in 70 residents of high-level care areas of a residential aged care facility in Sydney in April 2010 during an outbreak of gastroenteritis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify a possible cause. Consuming a soft diet, puréed diet, or thickened fluid were each independently associated with illness. A logistic regression showed consumption of thickened fluid to be the only significant exposure associated with illness (adjusted odds ratio 11·8, 95% confidence interval 1·9-75·9). It was postulated that the thickened fluid had been contaminated by chicken mince, a sample of which also cultured S. Infantis. This finding reinforces the need to educate food-handlers on the risk of potential cross-contamination; it also highlights the need to consider all dietary components, such as thickened fluids, as potential vehicles for transmission in an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. NAJJAR
- Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Department of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C. FURLONG
- Sydney South West Area Health Service Public Health Unit, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - N. STEPHENS
- Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Department of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C. SHADBOLT
- NSW Food Authority, Silverwater, NSW, Australia
| | - P. MAYWOOD
- Sydney South West Area Health Service Public Health Unit, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - S. CONATY
- Sydney South West Area Health Service Public Health Unit, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - G. HOGG
- Microbiological Diagnostics Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Back to the kitchen: Food-grade agar is a low-cost alternative to bacteriological agar. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:140-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Gangotri W, Jain-Raina R, Babbar SB. Evaluation of guar gum derivatives as gelling agents for microbial culture media. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2279-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tuson HH, Renner LD, Weibel DB. Polyacrylamide hydrogels as substrates for studying bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1595-7. [PMID: 22039586 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide hydrogels can be used as chemically and physically defined substrates for bacterial cell culture, and enable studies of the influence of surfaces on cell growth and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah H Tuson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Babbar SB, Jain R. Xanthan Gum: An Economical Partial Substitute for Agar in Microbial Culture Media. Curr Microbiol 2006; 52:287-92. [PMID: 16550465 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum, microbial desiccation-resistant polysaccharide prepared commercially by aerobic submerged fermentation from Xanthomonas campestris, has been successfully used alone and in combination with agar for microbial culture media. As illustrative examples, eight bacteria and eight fungi were grown on media solidified with either agar (A, 1.5%), xanthan gum (X, 1%), or combinations of both (0.9% X + 0.1% A, 0.8% X + 0.2% A, 0.7% X + 0.3% A, 0.6% X + 0.4% A). All fungi and bacteria exhibited normal growth and differentiation in all these treatments. Rather, growth of most of the fungi was better on xanthan (alone) and xanthan + agar media than agar medium. As the media gelled with xanthan gum alone flow, it was not possible to incubate Petri plates in inverted position. Moreover, because of the softness, streaking of bacteria was difficult on such media. However, these problems could be overcome by partially replacing xanthan gum with 0.3% agar. Bacterial enumeration studies carried out for Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. by serial dilution and pour-plate method on agar (1.5%), 0.7%/0.6% X + 0.3%/0.4% A yielded similar counts. Selective media, succinate medium for Pseudomonas sp., and MacConkey broth medium for Escherichia coli gelled with 0.7%/0.6% X + 0.3%/0.4% A did not support growth of other bacteria when inoculated along with the above-mentioned bacteria. Likewise, differential medium, CRMA (Congo red mannitol agar) gelled with xanthan-agar combination could differentiate between Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium sp.
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