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de Melo Guedes GM, Pereira VC, Freitas AS, Honório de Souza PR, Chacon Parra AL, Brasil JA, de Medeiros Guedes RF, Pereira de Sousa PC, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Gadelha Rocha MF, Costa Sidrim JJ, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo Branco D. Repurposing approved drugs as potential efflux pump inhibitors in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:495-508. [PMID: 38629920 PMCID: PMC11216505 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the action of promethazine, fluoxetine and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The effect of the compounds was evaluated in planktonic cells and bacterial biofilms. Accumulation tests were performed with ethidium bromide to prove their action as EPIs. Then, they were associated with antimicrobials. Results: Effect on planktonic cells and biofilms was found. Assays with ethidium bromide indicate their action as EPIs. Significant reductions in the metabolic activity of biofilms were observed after the association with the antimicrobials, especially for meropenem. Conclusion: It is possible to prove the action of these compounds as EPIs for P. aeruginosa and demonstrate the relevance of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carvalho Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Honório de Souza
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Aura Lucia Chacon Parra
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jaiane Alves Brasil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fonseca de Medeiros Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
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Abdelmalek S, Hajar M, Salah L, Abdel-Halim H. In Silico Screening and Experimental Validation of Novel MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:73-81. [PMID: 38150012 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a significant public health concern. Constitutively expressed MexAB-OprM efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa significantly contribute to its resistance to a variety of antibiotics. The development of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) has emerged as an attractive strategy in reversing antibiotic resistance. In this study, structure-based virtual screening techniques were used for the identification of new MexAB-OprM efflux inhibitors. The predicted poses were thoroughly filtered by induced fit docking procedures followed by in vitro microbiological assays for the validation of in silico results. Two compounds, NSC-147850 and NSC-112703, were able to restore tetracycline susceptibility in MexAB-OprM overexpressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853™ strain. This correlation observed between in silico screening and positive efflux inhibitory activity in vitro suggests that NSC-147850 and NSC-112703 have potential as EPIs and may be effective in combination therapy against drug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abdelmalek
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malak Hajar
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luma Salah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Heba Abdel-Halim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Wang X, Xu X, Liu J, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Efficient Retinol Synthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050512. [PMID: 37233223 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol, the main active form of vitamin A, plays a role in maintaining vision, immune function, growth, and development. It also inhibits tumor growth and alleviates anemia. Here, we developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of high retinol production. Firstly, the de novo synthesis pathway of retinol was constructed in S. cerevisiae to realize the production of retinol. Second, through modular optimization of the metabolic network of retinol, the retinol titer was increased from 3.6 to 153.6 mg/L. Then, we used transporter engineering to regulate and promote the accumulation of the intracellular precursor retinal to improve retinol production. Subsequently, we screened and semi-rationally designed the key enzyme retinol dehydrogenase to further increase the retinol titer to 387.4 mg/L. Lastly, we performed two-phase extraction fermentation using olive oil to obtain a final shaking flask retinol titer of 1.2 g/L, the highest titer reported at the shake flask level. This study laid the foundation for the industrial production of retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiaheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Abd El-Rahman OA, Rasslan F, Hassan SS, Ashour HM, Wasfi R. The RND Efflux Pump Gene Expression in the Biofilm Formation of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020419. [PMID: 36830328 PMCID: PMC9952185 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical opportunistic pathogen in healthcare-associated infections (HAI). This is attributed to several factors, including its ability to develop biofilms that can enhance antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in addition to creating an environment for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. The role of the efflux pump in biofilm formation is important for studies on alternative treatments for biofilms. One of the significant efflux pump families is the RND efflux pump family, which is common in Gram negative bacteria. The aim is to study the role of the RND efflux pump in biofilm formation by A. baumannii. The biofilm formation potential of thirty-four MDR A. baumannii isolates was evaluated by crystal violet assays. The effect of efflux pump inhibition and activation was studied using the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and the RND efflux pump substrate levofloxacin (at sub-MIC), respectively. The isolates were genotypically grouped by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) typing and the expression of adeABC, adeFGH, and adeIJK efflux pump genes was measured by qPCR. Overall, 88.2% (30/34) of isolates were biofilm producers (the phenotype was variable including strong and weak producers). Efflux pump inhibition by CCCP reduced the biofilm formation significantly (p < 0.05) in 17.6% (6/34) of some isolates, whereas sub-MICs of the substrate levofloxacin increased biofilm formation in 20.5% (7/34) of other isolates. Overexpression of the three RND efflux pump genes was detected in five out of eleven selected isolates for qPCR with remarkable overexpression in the adeJ gene. No correlation was detected between the biofilm phenotype pattern and the RND efflux pump gene expression in biofilm cells relative to planktonic cells. In conclusion, the role of the RND efflux pumps AdeABC, AdeFGH, and AdeIJK in biofilm formation does not appear to be pivotal and the expression differs according to the genetic background of each strain. Thus, these pumps may not be a promising target for biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Fatma Rasslan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Safaa S. Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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Mijnendonckx K, Rogiers T, Giménez Del Rey FJ, Merroun ML, Williamson A, Ali MM, Charlier D, Leys N, Boon N, Van Houdt R. PrsQ 2, a small periplasmic protein involved in increased uranium resistance in the bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130410. [PMID: 36413896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Uranium contamination is a widespread problem caused by natural and anthropogenic activities. Although microorganisms thrive in uranium-contaminated environments, little is known about the actual molecular mechanisms mediating uranium resistance. Here, we investigated the resistance mechanisms driving the adaptation of Cupriavidus metallidurans NA4 to toxic uranium concentrations. We selected a spontaneous mutant able to grow in the presence of 1 mM uranyl nitrate compared to 250 µM for the parental strain. The increased uranium resistance was acquired via the formation of periplasmic uranium-phosphate precipitates facilitated by the increased expression of a genus-specific small periplasmic protein, PrsQ2, regulated as non-cognate target of the CzcS2-CzcR2 two-component system. This study shows that bacteria can adapt to toxic uranium concentrations and explicates the complete genetic circuit behind the adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Mijnendonckx
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Tom Rogiers
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Francisco J Giménez Del Rey
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium; Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mohamed L Merroun
- Campus Fuentenueva, Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Adam Williamson
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, UGent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Md Muntasir Ali
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Daniel Charlier
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, UGent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
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Increased Expression of Efflux Pump norA Drives the Rapid Evolutionary Trajectory from Tolerance to Resistance against Ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0059422. [PMID: 36445128 PMCID: PMC9765010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00594-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensively intermittent use of antibiotics promotes the rapid evolution of tolerance, which may lead to resistance acquisition in the following evolutionary trajectory. In addition to directly exporting antibiotics as an instant resistance strategy, efflux pumps are overexpressed in tolerant strains. To investigate how efflux pumps participate in resistance development from tolerance to resistance, we performed in vitro evolutional experiments against the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in norA efflux pump mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. These experiments demonstrated that overexpression of norA rapidly facilitated the development of ciprofloxacin resistance from tolerance to resistance through elevated spontaneous mutations. The generated resistance mutations were further fixed in the population by increasing survival ability. The observed Ser80Phe and Glu84Lys mutations in the topoisomerase IV ParC (GrlA in S. aureus) may be responsible for tolerant strains to develop resistance to ciprofloxacin since it has been reported that such mutations disrupt the water-metal ion bridge between quinolones and ParC. MepA and Sav1866 are related to the same antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) susceptibility as NorA, and they also contributed to resistance development against ciprofloxacin. MgrA positively regulated NorA expression and the development of ciprofloxacin resistance. Importantly, blocking the evolutionary pathway by coadministering ciprofloxacin with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine effectively delayed the resistance acquisition in an in vitro experiment. This study illustrated the role of efflux pumps in the evolutionary trajectory from tolerance to resistance. The delayed resistance development caused by the efflux pump inhibitor illuminates a possible strategy for postponing the resistance acquisition from tolerance to resistance by disrupting efflux pumps.
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de Brito FAE, de Freitas APP, Nascimento MS. Multidrug-Resistant Biofilms (MDR): Main Mechanisms of Tolerance and Resistance in the Food Supply Chain. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121416. [PMID: 36558750 PMCID: PMC9784232 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are mono- or multispecies microbial communities enclosed in an extracellular matrix (EPS). They have high potential for dissemination and are difficult to remove. In addition, biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs) are even more aggravated if we consider antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as an important public health issue. Quorum sensing (QS) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are mechanisms that significantly contribute to the recalcitrance (resistance and tolerance) of biofilms, making them more robust and resistant to conventional sanitation methods. These mechanisms coordinate different strategies involved in AMR, such as activation of a quiescent state of the cells, moderate increase in the expression of the efflux pump, decrease in the membrane potential, antimicrobial inactivation, and modification of the antimicrobial target and the architecture of the EPS matrix itself. There are few studies investigating the impact of the use of inhibitors on the mechanisms of recalcitrance and its impact on the microbiome. Therefore, more studies to elucidate the effect and applications of these methods in the food production chain and the possible combination with antimicrobials to establish new strategies to control MDR biofilms are needed.
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Zhang YX, Wang M, Yang L, Pan K, Miao AJ. Bioaccumulation of differently-sized polystyrene nanoplastics by human lung and intestine cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129585. [PMID: 35850063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) has been intensively examined using the fluorescence-labeling technique. As the fluorescence intensity per particle is different for NPs with different physicochemical properties, it's hard to directly compare their bioaccumulation based on fluorescence. Therefore, how physicochemical properties may affect NPs' bioaccumulation remains unclear. In the present study, we chose polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) with the primary particle size of 70 nm (PS70), 200 nm (PS200), and 500 nm (PS500), and examined their uptake by human lung and intestine cells. We found that PSNPs had low cytotoxicity, but could be taken up by both cell lines. The particle-mass-, particle-number-, and particle-surface-area-based accumulation of the differently-sized PSNPs were then compared. Smaller PSNPs showed lower particle-mass-based but higher particle-number-based uptake rate than the larger ones. Nevertheless, much less difference was observed when the unit of uptake rate was based on particle surface area, suggesting the critical role of surface area during PSNPs' interaction with the cell membrane. Additionally, all three PSNPs could enter the cells by phagocytosis and PS70 could also be internalized by clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Overall, the effects of size on the bioaccumulation of NPs need to be considered when evaluating their environmental and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
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Rogiers T, Merroun ML, Williamson A, Leys N, Houdt RV, Boon N, Mijnendonckx K. Cupriavidus metallidurans NA4 actively forms polyhydroxybutyrate-associated uranium-phosphate precipitates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126737. [PMID: 34388922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cupriavidus metallidurans is a model bacterium to study molecular metal resistance mechanisms and its use for the bioremediation of several metals has been shown. However, its mechanisms for radionuclide resistance are unexplored. We investigated the interaction with uranium and associated cellular response to uranium for Cupriavidus metallidurans NA4. Strain NA4 actively captured 98 ± 1% of the uranium in its biomass after growing 24 h in the presence of 100 µM uranyl nitrate. TEM HAADF-EDX microscopy confirmed intracellular uranium-phosphate precipitates that were mainly associated with polyhydroxybutyrate. Furthermore, whole transcriptome sequencing indicated a complex transcriptional response with upregulation of genes encoding general stress-related proteins and several genes involved in metal resistance. More in particular, gene clusters known to be involved in copper and silver resistance were differentially expressed. This study provides further insights into bacterial interactions with and their response to uranium. Our results could be promising for uranium bioremediation purposes with the multi-metal resistant bacterium C. metallidurans NA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rogiers
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), UGent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Adam Williamson
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), UGent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), UGent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristel Mijnendonckx
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
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Antifungal Azoles as Tetracycline Resistance Modifiers in Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0015521. [PMID: 33990311 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00155-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has developed resistance to antimicrobials since their first use. The S. aureus major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump Tet(K) contributes to resistance to tetracyclines. The efflux pump diminishes antibiotic accumulation, and biofilm hampers the diffusion of antibiotics. None of the currently known compounds have been approved as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) for clinical use. In the current study, we screened clinically approved drugs for possible Tet(K) efflux pump inhibition. By performing in silico docking followed by in vitro checkerboard assays, we identified five azoles (the fungal ergosterol synthesis inhibitors) showing putative EPI-like potential with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.5, indicating synergism. The functionality of the azoles was confirmed using ethidium bromide (EtBr) accumulation and efflux inhibition assays. In time-kill kinetics, the combination treatment with butoconazole engendered a marked increase in the bactericidal capacity of tetracycline. When assessing the off-target effects of the azoles, we observed no disruption of bacterial membrane permeability and polarization. Finally, the combination of azoles with tetracycline led to a significant eradication of preformed mature biofilms. This study demonstrates that azoles can be repurposed as putative Tet(K) EPIs and to reduce biofilm formation at clinically relevant concentrations. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus uses efflux pumps to transport antibiotics out of the cell and thus increases the dosage at which it endures antibiotics. Also, efflux pumps play a role in biofilm formation by the excretion of extracellular matrix molecules. One way to combat these pathogens may be to reduce the activity of efflux pumps and thereby increase pathogen sensitivity to existing antibiotics. We describe the in silico-based screen of clinically approved drugs that identified antifungal azoles inhibiting Tet(K), a pump that belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, and showed that these compounds bind to and block the activity of the Tet(K) pump. Azoles enhanced the susceptibility of tetracycline against S. aureus and its methicillin-resistant strains. The combination of azoles with tetracycline led to a significant reduction in preformed biofilms. Repurposing approved drugs may help solve the classical toxicity issues related to efflux pump inhibitors.
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Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010003. [PMID: 33374551 PMCID: PMC7822488 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms embedded a self-produced extracellular matrix. They create particular environments that confer bacterial tolerance and resistance to antibiotics by different mechanisms that depend upon factors such as biofilm composition, architecture, the stage of biofilm development, and growth conditions. The biofilm structure hinders the penetration of antibiotics and may prevent the accumulation of bactericidal concentrations throughout the entire biofilm. In addition, gradients of dispersion of nutrients and oxygen within the biofilm generate different metabolic states of individual cells and favor the development of antibiotic tolerance and bacterial persistence. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance may develop within biofilms through a variety of mechanisms. The expression of efflux pumps may be induced in various parts of the biofilm and the mutation frequency is induced, while the presence of extracellular DNA and the close contact between cells favor horizontal gene transfer. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which biofilms cause tolerance/resistance to antibiotics helps to develop novel strategies to fight these infections.
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Silva Júnior VV, Raposo BL, Lopes ACS, Araújo PSR, Fontes A, Cabral Filho PE, Maciel MAV. Activity of carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone on biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using quantum dots-meropenem conjugates as nanotools. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:045005. [PMID: 33021210 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aba7a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hospital infections associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a worldwide public health problem. Efflux systems and biofilm formation are mechanisms related to resistance to carbapenemics. In this study, quantum dots (QDs) were used to evaluate the effect of carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an efflux pump system inhibitor, on biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance profile of P. aeruginosa strains. For this, QDs were covalently conjugated to meropenem (MPM) and incubated with a P. aeruginosa resistant isolate (P118) or a control sensitive strain (ATCC Pa27853). P118 was also analyzed with conjugates after previous CCCP efflux inhibitor incubation. Fluorescence microscopy images showed that both sensitive and resistant bacteria were efficiently labeled. Nevertheless, P118 isolates presented fluorescent cell agglomerates, suggesting biofilm formation. The addition of the CCCP changed the labeling profile of the resistant isolate, and the absence of agglomerates was observed, indicating no biofilm formation. Genetic assays revealed the presence of MexA and MexE genes encoding channel proteins from efflux pump systems in both resistant and sensitive strains. Disk-diffusion and broth microdilution tests determined drug susceptibility profiles in the presence and absence of CCCP for P118 isolates. We verified that the CCCP efflux system inhibitor may contribute to P. aeruginosa resistant phenotype reduction for some antimicrobials. This study verified the efficiency of QD-MPM conjugates to trigger and study biofilm formation, or its inhibition, before and after CCCP addition. QDs conjugated to antimicrobials can be used as nanotools to investigate multidrug-resistant bacterial strains on biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir V Silva Júnior
- Coordenação de Área Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
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13
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AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Köksal F. Efflux pump inhibitors: new updates. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:1-16. [PMID: 32946075 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics ought to have ended the issue of bacterial infections, but this was not the case as it has led to the evolution of various mechanisms of bacterial resistance against various antibiotics. The efflux pump remains one of the mechanisms through which organisms develop resistance against antibiotics; this is because organisms can extrude most of the clinically relevant antibiotics from the interior cell environment to the exterior environment via the efflux pumps. Efflux pumps are thought to contribute significantly to biofilm formation as highlighted by various studies. Therefore, the inhibition of these efflux pumps can be a potential way of improving the activity of antibiotics, particularly now that the discovery of novel antibiotics is becoming tedious. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are molecules that can inhibit efflux pumps; they have been considered potential therapeutic agents for rejuvenating the activity of antibiotics that have already lost their activity against bacteria. However, studies are yet to determine the specific substrates for such pumps; the effect of altered efflux activity of these pumps on biofilm formation is still being investigated. A clear knowledge of the involvement of efflux pumps in biofilm development could aid in developing new agents that can interfere with their function and help to prevent biofilms formation; thereby, improving the outcome of treatment strategies. This review focuses on the novel update of EPIs and discusses the evidence of the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation; the potential approaches towards overcoming the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Osman Albarri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü), Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Huang L, Feng Y, Zong Z. Heterogeneous resistance to colistin in Enterobacter cloacae complex due to a new small transmembrane protein. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2551-2558. [PMID: 31169899 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobacter strains can display heterogeneous resistance (heteroresistance) to colistin but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. We investigated potential mechanisms of colistin heteroresistance in an Enterobacter clinical strain, WCHECl-1060, and found a new mechanism. METHODS Strain WCHECl-1060 was subjected to WGS to identify known colistin resistance mechanisms. Tn5 insertional mutagenesis, gene knockout and complementation and shotgun cloning were employed to investigate unknown colistin heteroresistance mechanisms. RNA sequencing was performed to link the newly identified mechanism with known ones. RESULTS We showed that the phoP gene [encoding part of the PhoP-PhoQ two-component system (TCS)], the dedA(Ecl) gene (encoding an inner membrane protein of the DedA family) and the tolC gene (encoding part of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump) are required for colistin heteroresistance. We identified a new gene, ecr, encoding a 72 amino acid transmembrane protein, which was able to mediate colistin heteroresistance. We then performed RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis and found that in the presence of ecr the expression of phoP and the arnBCADTEF operon, which synthesizes and transfers l-Ara4N to lipid A, was increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The small protein encoded by ecr represents a new colistin heteroresistance mechanism and is likely to mediate colistin heteroresistance via the PhoP-PhoQ TCS to act on the arnBCADTEF operon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Xu C, Chen K, Chan KF, Chan EWC, Guo X, Chow HY, Zhao G, Zeng P, Wang M, Zhu Y, Li X, Wong K, Chen S. Imidazole Type Antifungal Drugs Are Effective Colistin Adjuvants That Resensitize Colistin‐Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Kin Fai Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Guangming Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Kwok‐Yin Wong
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
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16
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Fu J, Zhong C, Zhang P, Zong G, Liu M, Cao G. Novel Mobilizable Genomic Island GEI-D18A Mediates Conjugational Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Rheinheimera sp. D18. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:627. [PMID: 32318052 PMCID: PMC7155750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from these environments is of increasing concern. In this study, a multidrug-resistant bacterial strain, identified as Rheinheimera sp. D18, was isolated from the sea water of an industrial maricultural system in the Yellow Sea, China. Whole-genome sequencing of D18 revealed the presence of a novel 25.8 kb antibiotic resistance island, designated GEI-D18A, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including aadA1, aacA3, tetR, tet(B), catA, dfrA37, and three sul1 genes. Besides, integrase, transposase, resolvase, and recombinase encoding genes were also identified in GEI-D18A. The transferability of GEI-D18A was confirmed by mating experiments between Rheinheimera sp. D18 and Escherichia coli 25DN, and efflux pump inhibitor assays also suggested that tet(B) in GEI-D18A was responsible for tetracycline resistance in both D18 and the transconjugant. This study represents the first characterization of a mobilizable antibiotic resistance island in a species of Rheinheimera and provides evidence that Rheinheimera spp. could be important reservoirs and vehicles for ARGs in the Yellow Sea area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanqing Zhong
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gongli Zong
- Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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17
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Feng X, Guo W, Zheng H, Yang S, Du J, Wu Q, Luo H, Zhou X, Jin W, Ren N. Inhibition of biofouling in membrane bioreactor by metabolic uncoupler based on controlling microorganisms accumulation and quorum sensing signals secretion. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125363. [PMID: 31877457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a limiting bottleneck in the development of membrane bioreactor (MBR) since the birth of this technology. Recently, the biofouling control strategy based on interfering with the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is highly desirable for biofouling control in MBR. In this study, three lab-scale parallel MBR systems were operated over 100 days to investigate the inhibitory effect of a metabolic uncoupler (3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide, TCS) on biofouling and the potential mechanism for biofouling control. Compared to the control MBR, the fouling cycle duration of MBR 2 with 100 μg/L TCS extended over two times. The attached biomass on membrane in MBR 2 decreased over 50% at the end of each operating period, which indicated that the addition of TCS significantly mitigated microorganisms accumulation on membrane. The content of interspecies QS signal (autoinducer-2) and intraspecific QS signals (N-octanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone, C8-HSL) was reduced by the TCS, suggesting the secretion of QS signals in MBR were affected by uncoupler. Although the addition of TCS induced brief fluctuations of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides, microorganisms seemed to rapidly acclimatize to the presence of TCS and then the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was inhibited by 100 μg/L TCS. The continuous operation of MBR was not be affected by the low-concentration uncoupler via the analysis of substrate removal and sludge growth. This study systematically evaluated the effect and inhibitory efficiency of TCS on biofouling, biomass accumulation, QS signals, EPS and treatment performances, demonstrating the feasibility of metabolic uncoupler for biofouling control in MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Feng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| | - Heshan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Juanshan Du
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Haichao Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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18
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Zimmermann S, Klinger-Strobel M, Bohnert JA, Wendler S, Rödel J, Pletz MW, Löffler B, Tuchscherr L. Clinically Approved Drugs Inhibit the Staphylococcus aureus Multidrug NorA Efflux Pump and Reduce Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2762. [PMID: 31849901 PMCID: PMC6901667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has acquired resistance to antibiotics since their first use. The S. aureus protein NorA, an efflux pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), contributes to resistance to fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), biocides, dyes, quaternary ammonium compounds, and antiseptics. Different compounds have been identified as potential efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) of NorA that result in increased intracellular concentration of antibiotics, restoring their antibacterial activity and cell susceptibility. However, none of the currently known EPIs have been approved for clinical use, probably due to their toxicity profiles. In the present study, we screened approved drugs for possible efflux pump inhibition. By screening a compound library of approximately 1200 different drugs, we identified nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as showing the best efflux pump inhibitory activity, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.1875, indicating synergism with ciprofloxacin, and a minimum effective concentration as low as 0.195 μM. Moreover, at 0.39 μM, nilotinib, in combination with 8 μg/mL of ciprofloxacin, led to a significant reduction in biofilm formation and preformed mature biofilms. This is the first description of an approved drug that can be used as an efflux pump inhibitor and to reduce biofilms formation at clinically achievable concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Zimmermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mareike Klinger-Strobel
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen A Bohnert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sindy Wendler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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19
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Alav I, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in biofilm formation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2003-2020. [PMID: 29506149 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment. However, there is increasing evidence from many studies to suggest that the pumps also play a role in biofilm formation. These studies have involved investigating the effects of efflux pump gene mutagenesis and efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, and measuring the levels of efflux pump gene expression in biofilms. In particular, several key pathogenic species associated with increasing multidrug resistance, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have been investigated, whilst other studies have focused on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model organism and problematic pathogen. Studies have shown that efflux pumps, including AcrAB-TolC of E. coli, MexAB-OprM of P. aeruginosa, AdeFGH of A. baumannii and AcrD of S. enterica, play important roles in biofilm formation. The substrates for such pumps, and whether changes in their efflux activity affect biofilm formation directly or indirectly, remain to be determined. By understanding the roles that efflux pumps play in biofilm formation, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to inhibit their function, to help disrupt biofilms and improve the treatment of infections. This review will discuss and evaluate the evidence for the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation and the potential approaches to overcome the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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20
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Feng X, Guo W, Zheng H, Du J, Luo H, Wu Q, Ren N. Inhibition of biofilm formation by chemical uncoupler, 3, 3′, 4′, 5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS): From the perspective of quorum sensing and biofilm related genes. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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Comparison of the antibacterial effects of a short cationic peptide and 1% silver bioactive glass against extensively drug-resistant bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from burn patients. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1617-1628. [PMID: 30145712 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have already established that a short cationic peptide (CM11) has high antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial pathogens. Considering the untreatable problem of burn infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, this study evaluated and compared antibacterial effects of the CM11 peptide and 1% silver-doped bioactive glass (AgBG) against extensively drug-resistant strains of these bacteria which were isolated from burn patients. Accordingly, the bacteria were isolated from burn patients and their antibiotic resistance patterns and mechanisms were fully determined. The isolated bacterial from patients were resistant to almost all commonly used antibiotics and silver treatment. The isolates acquired their resistance through inactivation of their porin, the overexpression of efflux pump, and beta-lactamase. CM11 peptide and 1% AgBG had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 16 μg ml-1 and ≥ 4 mg ml-1 for clinical isolates, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of peptide and 1% AgBG for resistant bacteria was ≥ 32 μg ml-1 and ≥ 4 mg ml-1, respectively. Among the clinical isolates, two P. aeruginosa isolates and one A. baumannii isolate were resistant to 1% AgBG disk. The CM11 peptide also showed high biocompatibility in vivo and no cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in concentrations ≤ 64 μg ml-1 and ≤ 32 μg ml-1, respectively, while the safe concentration of 1% AgBG for these cells was ≤ 16 μg ml-1. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the 1% silver is not safe and effective for treatment of such infections. The data suggest that CM11 peptide therapy is a reliable and safe strategy that can be used for the treatment of burn infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant isolates. The next stage of the study will be a multicenter clinical trial.
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22
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Cai JY, Hou YN, Li J, Ma K, Yao GD, Liu WW, Hayashi T, Itoh K, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Prostaglandin E2 attenuates synergistic bactericidal effects between COX inhibitors and antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 133:16-22. [PMID: 29789128 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PGE2 is found to attenuate the bactericidal effects of kanamycin or ampicillin in Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Co-treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (celecoxib, aspirin or naproxen) synergistically enhances kanamycin or ampicillin-induced cell death of S. aureus and MRSA. COX inhibitors repressed bacterial multidrug resistance through down-regulating efflux pump activity in antibiotics-treated S. aureus and MRSA. However, this synergistic bactericidal effects are reduced by the treatment with PGE2. PGE2 restores the efflux pump activity as well as increases biofilm formation in S. aureus and MRSA. Collectively, the enhancement of efflux pump activity and biofilm formation with PGE2 might partially explain the resistance to synergistic bactericidal effects between COX inhibitors and antibiotics in PGE2-treated S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Cai
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yong-Na Hou
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jian Li
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kai Ma
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kikuji Itoh
- Biotechnical Center, Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka 431-1103, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- Department of Medical Education & Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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23
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Narayan KD, Sabat SC, Das SK. Mechanism of electron transport during thiosulfate oxidation in an obligately mixotrophic bacterium Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis strain S10 (DSM 18181 T). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1239-1252. [PMID: 27832308 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the thiosulfate-supported respiratory electron transport activity of Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis strain S10 (DSM 18181T). Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of complete sox (sulfur oxidation) gene cluster (soxCDYZAXB) including the sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR), sulfide quinone reductase (SQR), sulfide dehydrogenase (flavocytochrome c (fcc)), thiosulfate dehydrogenase (Tsd), sulfite dehydrogenase (SorAB), and intracellular sulfur oxidation protein (DsrE/DsrF). In addition, genes encoding respiratory electron transport chain components viz. complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), complex III (ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase), and various types of terminal oxidases (cytochrome c and quinol oxidase) were identified in the genome. Using site-specific electron donors and inhibitors and by analyzing the cytochrome spectra, we identified the shortest thiosulfate-dependent electron transport chain in T. bhubaneswarensis DSM 18181T. Our results showed that thiosulfate supports the electron transport activity in a bifurcated manner, donating electrons to quinol (bd) and cytochrome c (Caa 3 ) oxidase; these two sites (quinol oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase) also showed differences in their phosphate esterification potential (oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (P/O)). Further, it was evidenced that the substrate-level phosphorylation is the major contributor to the total energy budget in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Digvijay Narayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Surendra Chandra Sabat
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrata K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Mamani S, Moinier D, Denis Y, Soulère L, Queneau Y, Talla E, Bonnefoy V, Guiliani N. Insights into the Quorum Sensing Regulon of the Acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Revealed by Transcriptomic in the Presence of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone Superagonist Analog. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1365. [PMID: 27683573 PMCID: PMC5021923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While a functional quorum sensing system has been identified in the acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270(T) and shown to modulate cell adhesion to solid substrates, nothing is known about the genes it regulates. To address the question of how quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in A. ferrooxidans (T), the transcriptome of this organism in conditions in which quorum sensing response is stimulated by a synthetic superagonist AHL (N-acyl homoserine lactones) analog has been studied. First, the effect on biofilm formation of a synthetic AHL tetrazolic analog, tetrazole 9c, known for its agonistic QS activity, was assessed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. A fast adherence of A. ferrooxidans (T) cells on sulfur coupons was observed. Then, tetrazole 9c was used in DNA microarray experiments that allowed the identification of genes regulated by quorum sensing signaling, and more particularly, those involved in early biofilm formation. Interestingly, afeI gene, encoding the AHL synthase, but not the A. ferrooxidans quorum sensing transcriptional regulator AfeR encoding gene, was shown to be regulated by quorum sensing. Data indicated that quorum sensing network represents at least 4.5% (141 genes) of the ATCC 23270(T) genome of which 42.5% (60 genes) are related to biofilm formation. Finally, AfeR was shown to bind specifically to the regulatory region of the afeI gene at the level of the palindromic sequence predicted to be the AfeR binding site. Our results give new insights on the response of A. ferrooxidans to quorum sensing and on biofilm biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigde Mamani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMarseille, France; Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Moinier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Plateforme Transcriptome, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Violaine Bonnefoy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Adabi M, Talebi-Taher M, Arbabi L, Afshar M, Fathizadeh S, Minaeian S, Moghadam-Maragheh N, Majidpour A. Spread of Efflux Pump Overexpressing-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Multidrug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using an Efflux Pump Inhibitor. Infect Chemother 2015; 47:98-104. [PMID: 26157587 PMCID: PMC4495281 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2015.47.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be due to efflux pump overexpression and/or target mutations. We designed this study to investigate the efflux pump mediated fluoroquinolone resistance and check the increasing effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in combination with an efflux pumps inhibitor among P. aeruginosa isolates from burn wounds infections. Materials and Methods A total of 154 consecutive strains of P. aeruginosa were recovered from separate patients hospitalized in a burn hospital, Tehran, Iran. The isolates first were studied by disk diffusion antibiogram for 11 antibiotics and then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments were performed to detect synergy between ciprofloxacin and the efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). Then to elucidate the inducing of multi drug resistance due to different efflux pumps activation in Fluoroquinolone resistant isolates, synergy experiments were also performed in random ciprofloxacin resistant isolates which have overexpressed efflux pumps phenotypically, using CCCP and selected antibiotics as markers for Beta-lactams and Aminoglycosides. The isolates were also tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the MexA, MexC and MexE, which encode the efflux pumps MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN. Results Most of the isolates were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics tested. More than half of the ciprofloxacin resistant isolates exhibited synergy between ciprofloxacin and CCCP, indicating the efflux pump activity contributed to the ciprofloxacin resistance. Also increased susceptibility of random ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa to other selected antibiotics, in presence of CCCP, implied multidrug extrusion by different active efflux pump in fluoroquinolones resistant strains. All of Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were positive for MexA, MexC and MexE genes simultaneously. Conclusion In this burn hospital, where multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were prevalent, ciprofloxacin resistance and multidrug resistance due to the overexpression of fluoroquinolones mediated efflux pumps has also now emerged. Early recognition of this resistance mechanism should allow the use of alternative antibiotics and use an efflux pumps inhibitor in combination with antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adabi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Talebi-Taher
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arbabi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Afshar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fathizadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Moghadam-Maragheh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Majidpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Anes J, McCusker MP, Fanning S, Martins M. The ins and outs of RND efflux pumps in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:587. [PMID: 26113845 PMCID: PMC4462101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Relevant authorities including the WHO and CDC have expressed serious concern regarding the continued increase in the development of multidrug resistance among bacteria. They have also reaffirmed the urgent need for investment in the discovery and development of new antibiotics and therapeutic approaches to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The extensive use of antimicrobial compounds in diverse environments, including farming and healthcare, has been identified as one of the main causes for the emergence of MDR bacteria. Induced selective pressure has led bacteria to develop new strategies of defense against these chemicals. Bacteria can accomplish this by several mechanisms, including enzymatic inactivation of the target compound; decreased cell permeability; target protection and/or overproduction; altered target site/enzyme and increased efflux due to over-expression of efflux pumps. Efflux pumps can be specific for a single substrate or can confer resistance to multiple antimicrobials by facilitating the extrusion of a broad range of compounds including antibiotics, heavy metals, biocides and others, from the bacterial cell. To overcome antimicrobial resistance caused by active efflux, efforts are required to better understand the fundamentals of drug efflux mechanisms. There is also a need to elucidate how these mechanisms are regulated and how they respond upon exposure to antimicrobials. Understanding these will allow the development of combined therapies using efflux inhibitors together with antibiotics to act on Gram-negative bacteria, such as the emerging globally disseminated MDR pathogen Escherichia coli ST131 (O25:H4). This review will summarize the current knowledge on resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux mechanisms in E. coli, a bacteria responsible for community and hospital-acquired infections, as well as foodborne outbreaks worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Anes
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew P McCusker
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marta Martins
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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Venter H, Mowla R, Ohene-Agyei T, Ma S. RND-type drug efflux pumps from Gram-negative bacteria: molecular mechanism and inhibition. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:377. [PMID: 25972857 PMCID: PMC4412071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug efflux protein complexes confer multidrug resistance on bacteria by transporting a wide spectrum of structurally diverse antibiotics. Moreover, organisms can only acquire resistance in the presence of an active efflux pump. The substrate range of drug efflux pumps is not limited to antibiotics, but it also includes toxins, dyes, detergents, lipids, and molecules involved in quorum sensing; hence efflux pumps are also associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Inhibitors of efflux pumps are therefore attractive compounds to reverse multidrug resistance and to prevent the development of resistance in clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. Recent successes on the structure determination and functional analysis of the AcrB and MexB components of the AcrAB-TolC and MexAB-OprM drug efflux systems as well as the structure of the fully assembled, functional triparted AcrAB-TolC complex significantly contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of substrate transport and the options for inhibition of efflux. These data, combined with the well-developed methodologies for measuring efflux pump inhibition, could allow the rational design, and subsequent experimental verification of potential efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). In this review we will explore how the available biochemical and structural information can be translated into the discovery and development of new compounds that could reverse drug resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. The current literature on EPIs will also be analyzed and the reasons why no compounds have yet progressed into clinical use will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rumana Mowla
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan, China
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28
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Molina J, Barrantes G, Quesada-Gómez C, Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Cavallini E. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Multidrug-ResistantBacteroides,Parabacteroidesspp., andPseudoflavonifractorfrom a Costa Rican Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:478-84. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gloriana Barrantes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Quesada-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - César Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Evelyn Rodríguez-Cavallini
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
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García-Contreras R, Nuñez-López L, Jasso-Chávez R, Kwan BW, Belmont JA, Rangel-Vega A, Maeda T, Wood TK. Quorum sensing enhancement of the stress response promotes resistance to quorum quenching and prevents social cheating. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:115-25. [PMID: 24936763 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) coordinates the expression of virulence factors and allows bacteria to counteract the immune response, partly by increasing their tolerance to the oxidative stress generated by immune cells. Despite the recognized role of QS in enhancing the oxidative stress response, the consequences of this relationship for the bacterial ecology remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate that QS increases resistance also to osmotic, thermal and heavy metal stress. Furthermore a QS-deficient lasR rhlR mutant is unable to exert a robust response against H2O2 as it has less induction of catalase and NADPH-producing dehydrogenases. Phenotypic microarrays revealed that the mutant is very sensitive to several toxic compounds. As the anti-oxidative enzymes are private goods not shared by the population, only the individuals that produce them benefit from their action. Based on this premise, we show that in mixed populations of wild-type and the mexR mutant (resistant to the QS inhibitor furanone C-30), treatment with C-30 and H2O2 increases the proportion of mexR mutants; hence, oxidative stress selects resistance to QS compounds. In addition, oxidative stress alone strongly selects for strains with active QS systems that are able to exert a robust anti oxidative response and thereby decreases the proportion of QS cheaters in cultures that are otherwise prone to invasion by cheats. As in natural environments stress is omnipresent, it is likely that this QS enhancement of stress tolerance allows cells to counteract QS inhibition and invasions by social cheaters, therefore having a broad impact in bacterial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Nuñez-López
- Biochemistry Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Brian W Kwan
- Department of Chemical Engineeringy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Javier A Belmont
- Biochemistry Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Rangel-Vega
- Internal Medicine Department, Speciality Hospital, National Medical Center 'Siglo XXI', IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Thomas K Wood
- 1] Department of Chemical Engineeringy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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30
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Collapsing the Proton Motive Force to Identify Synergistic Combinations against Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:1168-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Liu X, Li J, Wang Y, Li T, Zhao J, Zhang C. Green tea polyphenols function as prooxidants to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and induce the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:211-7. [PMID: 23054687 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) are widely believed to function as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Here we observed that GTP and epigallocatechin gallate, the most abundant catechin in GTP, could also function as prooxidants and produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. pH value of the medium was the key factor that affected prooxidant versus antioxidant property of GTP. Under weakly acidic conditions (pH 5.5-6.5), GTP showed antioxidant activity by eliminating H2O2; whereas, under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7.0-8.0), GTP showed prooxidant activity and inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we studied the effects of GTP on gene expression profiles of a few oxidative stress-related genes by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. After 10 min to 1 h of exposure under weakly alkaline condition, GTP significantly up-regulated expression levels of katB, sodM, ohr, lexA, and recN gene. These findings highlight that the pH-dependent H2O2 production by GTP contributes to the antibacterial activity and can induce oxidative stress-related responses in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Dependence of structure stability and integrity of aerobic granules on ATP and cell communication. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:5105-12. [PMID: 23011346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granules are dense and compact microbial aggregates with various bacterial species. Recently, aerobic granulation technology has been extensively explored for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. However, little information is currently available with regard to their structure stability and integrity at levels of energy metabolism and cell communication. In the present study, a typical chemical uncoupler, 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide with the power to dissipate proton motive force and subsequently inhibit adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, was used to investigate possible roles of ATP and cell communication in maintaining the structure stability and integrity of aerobic granules. It was found that inhibited ATP synthesis resulted in the reduced production of autoinducer-2 and N-acylhomoserine lactones essential for cell communication, while lowered extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production was also observed. As a consequence, aerobic granules appeared to break up. This study showed that ATP-dependent quorum sensing and EPS were essential for sustaining the structure stability and integrity of aerobic granules.
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Jiang B, Liu Y. Roles of ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in aerobic granulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:1058-1064. [PMID: 22652442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules which form through a cell-to-cell self-immobilization process have been intensively studied and developed for wastewater biotreatment. However, the microbiological origin of this phenomenon is still largely unknown. This study investigated the possible role of metabolic energy in the development of aerobic granules. Results showed that aerobic granulation was positively related to ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) production. Inhibited ATP synthesis by a chemical uncoupler, 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide, led to significant reduction of AHLs and EPSs production, which in turn prevented aerobic granulation. This study for the first time demonstrated the involvement of ATP-dependent AHLs in aerobic granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Lamsa A, Liu WT, Dorrestein PC, Pogliano K. The Bacillus subtilis cannibalism toxin SDP collapses the proton motive force and induces autolysis. Mol Microbiol 2012; 84:486-500. [PMID: 22469514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis SDP is a peptide toxin that kills cells outside the biofilm to support continued growth. We show that purified SDP acts like endogenously produced SDP; it delays sporulation, and the SdpI immunity protein confers SDP resistance. SDP kills a variety of Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes, as well as Escherichia coli with a compromised outer membrane, suggesting it participates in defence of the B. subtilis biofilm against Gram-positive bacteria as well as cannibalism. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the effect of SDP on cells differs from that of nisin, nigericin, valinomycin and vancomycin-KCl, but resembles that of CCCP, DNP and azide. Indeed, SDP rapidly collapses the PMF as measured by fluorometry and flow cytometry, which triggers the slower process of autolysis. This secondary consequence of SDP treatment is not required for cell death since the autolysin-defective lytC, lytD, lytE, lytF strain fails to be lysed but is nevertheless killed by SDP. Collapsing the PMF is an ideal mechanism for a toxin involved in cannibalism and biofilm defence, since this would incapacitate neighbouring cells by inhibiting motility and secretion of proteins and toxins. It would also induce autolysis in many Gram-positive species, thereby releasing nutrients that promote biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lamsa
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Nallathamby PD, Lee KJ, Desai T, Xu XHN. Study of the multidrug membrane transporter of single living Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells using size-dependent plasmonic nanoparticle optical probes. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5942-53. [PMID: 20540528 PMCID: PMC2912454 DOI: 10.1021/bi100268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug membrane transporters (efflux pumps) in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are responsible for impossible treatments of a wide variety of diseases, including infections and cancer, underscoring the importance of better understanding of their structures and functions for the design of effective therapies. In this study, we designed and synthesized two silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with average diameters of 13.1 +/- 2.5 nm (8.1-38.6 nm) and 91.0 +/- 9.3 nm (56-120 nm) and used the size-dependent plasmonic spectra of single NPs to probe the size-dependent transport kinetics of MexAB-OprM (multidrug transporter) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in real time at nanometer resolution. We found that the level of accumulation of intracellular NPs in wild-type (WT) cells was higher than in nalB1 (overexpression of MexAB-OprM) but lower than in DeltaABM (deletion of MexAB-OprM). In the presence of proton ionophores (CCCP, inhibitor of proton motive force), we found that intracellular NPs in nalB1 were nearly doubled. These results suggest that MexAB-OprM is responsible for the extrusion of NPs out of cells and NPs (orders of magnitude larger than conventional antibiotics) are the substrates of the transporter, which indicates that the substrates may trigger the assembly of the efflux pump optimized for the extrusion of the encountered substrates. We found that the smaller NPs stayed inside the cells longer than larger NPs, suggesting the size-dependent efflux kinetics of the cells. This study shows that multisized NPs can be used to mimic various sizes of antibiotics for probing the size-dependent efflux kinetics of multidrug membrane transporters in single living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
| | - Tanvi Desai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
| | - Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
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Abdel Malek SM, Al-Adham IS, Matalka KZ, Collier PJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Resistance to Zinc Pyrithione: Phenotypic Changes Suggest the Involvement of Efflux Pumps. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:95-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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