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Duque-Sanchez L, Pasic PJ, Esneau C, Batra V, Tjandaputra G, Tan T, Bartlett N, Thissen H. Synergistic Polymer Coatings with Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties for Healthcare Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32662-32673. [PMID: 39100336 PMCID: PMC11292814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The role of frequently touched surfaces in the transmission of infectious diseases is well-documented, and the urgent need for effective surface technologies with antipathogen activity has been highlighted by the recent global pandemic and rise in antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have explored combinations of up to 3 different classes of compounds within a polymeric matrix to enable the fabrication of coatings with broad-spectrum activity. Compounds were either based on metals or metal oxides, namely, copper, silver, and copper oxide, essential oils, namely, cinnamaldehyde, tea tree oil, and carvacrol oil, or cationic polymers, namely, poly(ε-lysine) and poly(hexamethylene biguanide). These compounds were mixed into a polymer matrix, coated, and dried to yield durable coatings. Coatings containing up to 7.5% (w/w) of the compounds were assessed in the zone of inhibition and biofilm assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as infectivity assays using human coronavirus OC43. Our data demonstrate that a selected combination of additives was able to provide a 5-log reduction in the colony-forming units of both bacteria and a 4-log reduction in viral infectivity. This simple but highly effective technology is expected to find applications in environments such as hospitals, aged care facilities, or public transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Duque-Sanchez
- CSIRO
Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J. Pasic
- CSIRO
Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Camille Esneau
- Hunter
Medical Research Institute, University of
Newcastle, New Lambton
Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Vishek Batra
- Coatd
Pty. Ltd., Dingley Village, VIC 3172, Australia
| | | | - Tony Tan
- Coatd
Pty. Ltd., Dingley Village, VIC 3172, Australia
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- Hunter
Medical Research Institute, University of
Newcastle, New Lambton
Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO
Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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2
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Li J, Lu T, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Sun J, Liu Y, Liao X, Zhou Y. Cinnamaldehyde targets SarA to enhance β-lactam antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MLIFE 2024; 3:291-306. [PMID: 38948140 PMCID: PMC11211666 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a current global public health problem due to its increasing resistance to the most recent antibiotic therapies. One critical approach is to develop ways to revitalize existing antibiotics. Here, we show that the phytogenic compound cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and β-lactam antibiotic combinations can functionally synergize and resensitize clinical MRSA isolates to β-lactam therapy and inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that the CIN potentiation effect on β-lactams was primarily the result of inhibition of the mecA expression by targeting the staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA. CIN alone or in combination with β-lactams decreased sarA gene expression and increased SarA protein phosphorylation that impaired SarA binding to the mecA promoter element and downregulated virulence genes such as those encoding biofilm, α-hemolysin, and adhesin. Perturbation of SarA-mecA binding thus interfered with PBP2a biosynthesis and this decreased MRSA resistance to β-lactams. Furthermore, CIN fully restored the anti-MRSA activities of β-lactam antibiotics in vivo in murine models of bacteremia and biofilm infections. Together, our results indicated that CIN acts as a β-lactam adjuvant and can be applied as an alternative therapy to combat multidrug-resistant MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tingyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and PreventionYantaiChina
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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3
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Bandeira DM, Corrêa JM, Laskoski LV, Rosset J, Conceição LHSM, Gomes SD, Pinto FGS. Phytochemical screening of Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl. leaf extracts and potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230237. [PMID: 38655919 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Podocarpus L'Hér. ex Pers.present biological activities, such as analgesic, antioxidant, antifungal, acting in the fight against anemia, depurative and fortifying. Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl. is a Brazilian native species popularly known as maritime pine and lacks information about its phytochemical profile and possible biological activities. The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition of soluble plant extracts of acetone (EA), ethyl acetate (EAE) and hexane (HE) from leaves of P. lambertii; evaluate the antimicrobial potential by the broth microdilution technique; antioxidant potential by the DPPH method, as well as to evaluate the biofilm inhibition capacity by the crystal violet assay and reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (MTT). Phytochemical screening detected the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. All extracts showed antimicrobial activity on the microorganisms tested, and the EA showed the best results. High free radical scavenging potential was observed only in EAE (96.35%). The antibiofilm potential was observed in the EAE extract. The results contribute to the knowledge of the species and indicate the potential of P. lambertii extracts as a source of plant bioactives for the development of new alternative strategies to control resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Marina Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Valéria Laskoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rosset
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Henrique S M Conceição
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Herbário HUOP, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Simone D Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gisele S Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Jiang X, Kang R, Yu T, Jiang X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang H. Cinnamaldehyde Targets the LytTR DNA-Binding Domain of the Response Regulator AgrA to Attenuate Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0030023. [PMID: 37140461 PMCID: PMC10269664 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00300-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Agr quorum sensing (QS) system is known to contribute to biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes. Cinnamaldehyde, a natural food preservative, is considered an inhibitor of Agr-mediated QS in L. monocytogenes. However, the exact mechanism by which cinnamaldehyde acts on Agr remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the histidine kinase AgrC and the response regulator AgrA in the Agr system. AgrC kinase activity was not influenced by cinnamaldehyde, and binding between AgrC and cinnamaldehyde was not observed when microscale thermophoresis (MST) was performed, indicating that AgrC was not the target of cinnamaldehyde. AgrA is specifically bound to the agr promoter (P2) to activate the transcription of the Agr system. However, AgrA-P2 binding was prevented by cinnamaldehyde. The interaction between cinnamaldehyde and AgrA was further confirmed with MST. Two conserved amino acids, Asn-178 and Arg-179, located in the LytTR DNA-binding domain of AgrA, were identified as the key sites for cinnamaldehyde-AgrA binding by alanine mutagenesis and MST. Coincidentally, Asn-178 was also involved in the AgrA-P2 interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde acts as a competitive inhibitor of AgrA in AgrA-P2 binding, which leads to suppressed transcription of the Agr system and reduced biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes can form biofilms on various food contact surfaces, posing a serious threat to food safety. Biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes is positively regulated by the Agr quorum sensing system. Thus, an alternative strategy for controlling L. monocytogenes biofilms is interfering with the Agr system. Cinnamaldehyde is considered an inhibitor of the L. monocytogenes Agr system; however, its exact mechanism of action is still unclear. Here, we found that AgrA (response regulator), rather than AgrC (histidine kinase), was the target of cinnamaldehyde. The conserved Asn-178 in the LytTR DNA-binding domain of AgrA was involved in cinnamaldehyde-AgrA and AgrA-P2 binding. Therefore, the occupation of Asn-178 by cinnamaldehyde suppressed transcription of the Agr system and reduced biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes. Our findings could provide a better understanding of the mechanism by which cinnamaldehyde inhibits L. monocytogenes biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Jiang
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Yin L, Gou Y, Dai Y, Wang T, Gu K, Tang T, Hussain S, Huang X, He C, Liang X, Shu G, Xu F, Ouyang P. Cinnamaldehyde Restores Ceftriaxone Susceptibility against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119288. [PMID: 37298240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have greatly threatened human health and imposed a burden on global public health. To overcome this crisis, there is an urgent need to seek effective alternatives to single antibiotic therapy to circumvent drug resistance and prevent MDR bacteria. According to previous reports, cinnamaldehyde exerts antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Salmonella spp. This study was conducted to investigate whether cinnamaldehyde has a synergistic effect on antibiotics when used in combination, we found that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDR Salmonella in vitro by significantly reduced the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, inhibiting the development of drug resistance under ceftriaxone selective pressure in vitro, damaging the cell membrane, and affecting its basic metabolism. In addition, it restored the activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDR Salmonella in vivo and inhibited peritonitis caused by ceftriaxone resistant strain of Salmonella in mice. Collectively, these results revealed that cinnamaldehyde can be used as a novel ceftriaxone adjuvant to prevent and treat infections caused by MDR Salmonella, mitigating the possibility of producing further mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhong Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuyun Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kexin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Lu 211, Chengdu 611130, China
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Al Haj Ishak Al Ali R, Mondamert L, Berjeaud JM, Jandry J, Crépin A, Labanowski J. Application of QSAR Approach to Assess the Effects of Organic Pollutants on Bacterial Virulence Factors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1375. [PMID: 37374877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of a wide variety of persistent chemical contaminants into wastewater has become a growing concern due to their potential health and environmental risks. While the toxic effects of these pollutants on aquatic organisms have been extensively studied, their impact on microbial pathogens and their virulence mechanisms remains largely unexplored. This research paper focuses on the identification and prioritization of chemical pollutants that increase bacterial pathogenicity, which is a public health concern. In order to predict how chemical compounds, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, would affect the virulence mechanisms of three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli K12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103, and Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhimurium), this study has developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. The use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) functions assists in developing QSAR models based on the chemical structure of the compounds, to predict their effect on the growth and swarming behavior of the bacterial strains. The results showed an uncertainty in the created model, and that increases in virulence factors, including growth and motility of bacteria, after exposure to the studied compounds are possible to be predicted. These results could be more accurate if the interactions between groups of functions are included. For that, to make an accurate and universal model, it is essential to incorporate a larger number of compounds of similar and different structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roukaya Al Haj Ishak Al Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, Materials and Natural Resources of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- Institute of Chemistry, Materials and Natural Resources of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Joelle Jandry
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Institute of Chemistry, Materials and Natural Resources of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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Gonçalves ASC, Leitão MM, Simões M, Borges A. The action of phytochemicals in biofilm control. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:595-627. [PMID: 36537821 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Antimicrobial resistance is now rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world, threatening the treatment of an ever-increasing range of infectious diseases. This has becoming a serious public health problem, especially due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among clinically important bacterial species and their ability to form biofilms. In addition, current anti-infective therapies have low efficacy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections, leading to recurrence, chronicity, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to search for innovative strategies/antibacterial agents capable of overcoming the limitations of conventional antibiotics. Natural compounds, in particular those obtained from plants, have been exhibiting promising properties in this field. Plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) can act as antibiofilm agents through different mechanisms of action from the available antibiotics (inhibition of quorum-sensing, motility, adhesion, and reactive oxygen species production, among others). The combination of different phytochemicals and antibiotics have revealed synergistic or additive effects in biofilm control. This review aims to bring together the most relevant reports on the antibiofilm properties of phytochemicals, as well as insights into their structure and mechanistic action against bacterial pathogens, spanning December 2008 to December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Figueiredo CSSES, de Oliveira PV, Saminez WFDS, Diniz RM, Mendonça JSP, Silva LDS, Paiva MYM, do Nascimento MDS, Aliança ASDS, Zagmignan A, Rodrigues JFS, Souza JCDS, Grisotto MAG, da Silva LCN. Immunomodulatory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031204. [PMID: 36770872 PMCID: PMC9921375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) is an essential-oil component with reported anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects, making it an interesting compound for the treatment of wound infection. Herein, we evaluated the effects of topical administration of CNM in experimental wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss mice (n = 12/group) were randomly allocated into three groups (CON: animals with uninfected lesions; Sa: animals with untreated infected lesions; Sa + CNM: animals with infected wounds and treated with CNM). Excisional lesions (64 mm2) were induced at the dorsal area followed by the addition of S. aureus (80 μL of a 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL bacterial suspension). The wounds were treated with CNM (200 μg/wound/day) or vehicle (2% DMSO) for 10 days. Skin samples were taken on the 3rd or 10th treatment day for quantification of inflammatory mediators, bacterial load, immunophenotyping, and histological analysis. The treatment with CNM improved the healing process and attenuated the severity of skin lesions infected by S. aureus. These effects were associated with significant decreases in bacterial loads in CNM-treated wounds. The levels of neutrophils, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and VEGF were decreased in the lesions treated with CNM. Taken together, these data provide further evidence of the effectiveness of CNM for the treatment of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Santos Silva e Silva Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (BIONORTE), São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseana Muniz Diniz
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (BIONORTE), São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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Hu M, Kalimuthu S, Zhang C, Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Trans-cinnamaldehyde-Biosurfactant Complex as a Potent Agent against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2355. [PMID: 36365173 PMCID: PMC9692797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic microbial pathogen frequently associated with diverse infections, including those of the skin and teeth, as well as those from surgical wounds. It forms robust biofilms that are highly tolerant to most antimicrobials and first-line antibiotics. Therefore, investigating alternative strategies to eradicate its biofilms is a critical need. We recently demonstrated that trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) potently kills E. faecalis biofilm cells and prevents biofilm recovery, and yet, the extreme hydrophobicity of TC hampers clinical translation. Here, we report that a complex of TC with an FDA-approved biosurfactant (acidic sophorolipid/ASL) significantly reduces the bacterial viability and biomass of E. faecalis biofilms, compared to TC alone. A confocal laser-scanning microscopic analysis demonstrated that the TC-ASL treatment significantly decreased the biofilm thickness and volume. In conclusion, our study highlights the anti-biofilm potential of the newly developed TC-ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Islam A. A. Ali
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ahmed B, Jailani A, Lee JH, Lee J. Inhibition of growth, biofilm formation, virulence, and surface attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens by cinnamaldehyde derivatives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001865. [PMID: 36304952 PMCID: PMC9595724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil-borne, saprophytic plant pathogen that colonizes plant surfaces and induces tumors in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants by transferring and expressing its T-DNA genes. The limited availabilities and efficacies of current treatments necessitate the exploration of new anti-Agrobacterium agents. We examined the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CNMA) and its derivatives on the cell surface hydrophobicity, exopolysaccharide and exo-protease production, swimming motility on agar, and biofilm forming ability of A. tumefaciens. Based on initial biofilm inhibition results and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data, 4-nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMAs were further tested. 4-Nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMA at ≥150 μg/ml significantly inhibited biofilm formation by 94–99%. Similarly, biofilm formation on polystyrene or nylon was substantially reduced by 4-nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs as determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3-D spectrum plots. 4-Nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs induced cell shortening and concentration- and time-dependently reduced cell growth. Virulence factors were significantly and dose-dependently suppressed by 4-nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs (P ≤ 0.05). Gene expressional changes were greater after 4-nitro CNMA than t-CNMA treatment, as determined by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, some genes essential for biofilm formation, motility, and virulence genes significantly downregulated by 4-nitro CNMA. Seed germination of Raphanus sativus was not hindered by 4-nitro or 4-fluoro CNMA at concentrations ≤200 μg/ml, but root surface biofilm formation was severely inhibited. This study is the first to report the anti-Agrobacterium biofilm and anti-virulence effects of 4-nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMAs and t-CNMA and indicates that they should be considered starting points for the development of anti-Agrobacterium agents.
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11
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Lee Y, Huang J, Bing Z, Yuan K, Yang J, Cai M, Zhou S, Yang B, Teng W, Li W, Wang Y. pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde-TiO 2 nanotube coating: fabrication and functions in a simulated diabetes condition. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:63. [PMID: 36065035 PMCID: PMC9444834 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence has suggested that diabetes increases the risk of implanting failure, and therefore, appropriate surface modification of dental implants in patients with diabetes is crucial. TiO2 nanotube (TNT) has an osteogenic nanotopography, and its osteogenic properties can be further improved by loading appropriate drugs. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) has been proven to have osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects. We fabricated a pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde-TiO2 nanotube coating (TNT-CIN) and hypothesized that this coating will exert osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial functions in a simulated diabetes condition. TNT-CIN was constructed by anodic oxidation, hydroxylation, silylation, and Schiff base reaction to bind CIN, and its surface characteristics were determined. Conditions of diabetes and diabetes with a concurrent infection were simulated using 22-mM glucose without and with 1-μg/mL lipopolysaccharide, respectively. The viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, polarization and secretion of macrophages, and resistance to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were evaluated. CIN was bound to the TNT surface successfully and released better in low pH condition. TNT-CIN showed better osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and superior bacterial resistance than TNT in a simulated diabetes condition. These findings indicated that TNT-CIN is a promising, multifunctional surface coating for patients with diabetes needing dental implants. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lee
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Jingyan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Bing
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Kaiting Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
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12
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Effects of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum Essential Oils on bap and ica Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus can cause a variety of infectious diseases, mainly due to its ability to shift between the planktonic and the biofilm lifestyle. Biofilm infections present a serious problem in human medicine. Biofilm-associated protein (bap) and intercellular adhesin (ica) genes are involved in biofilm formation. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum essential oils on biofilm formation and expression of icaA, icaD, and bap genes in S. aureus strains. Methods: A total of 20 strains of S. aureus were isolated from the urine of patients. The susceptibility test was performed to determine the effect of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on strains by broth dilution method. The expression of icaA and icaD genes was determined by measuring the cognate messenger ribonucleic acid level using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The biofilm formation of strains after treatment with the MIC of thyme essential oil was observed as 40% weak and 60% negative biofilms, and with the MIC of cinnamon essential oil as 25% strong and 75% moderate biofilms. Real-time PCR demonstrated that 60% of S. aureus strains treated with thyme and cinnamon essential oils showed a decrease in icaA gene expression. Moreover, 55% and 70% of the strains treated with thyme and cinnamon essential oils had reduced icaD gene expression, respectively. None of the strains of S. aureus had a bap gene. Conclusions: The present study showed that thyme and cinnamon essential oils reduce the expression of icaA and icaD genes, and cinnamon essential oil is more effective than thyme essential oil.
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13
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Didehdar M, Chegini Z, Tabaeian SP, Razavi S, Shariati A. Cinnamomum: The New Therapeutic Agents for Inhibition of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm-Associated Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:930624. [PMID: 35899044 PMCID: PMC9309250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.930624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the potent antibacterial properties of Cinnamomum and its derivatives, particularly cinnamaldehyde, recent studies have used these compounds to inhibit the growth of the most prevalent bacterial and fungal biofilms. By inhibiting flagella protein synthesis and swarming motility, Cinnamomum could suppress bacterial attachment, colonization, and biofilm formation in an early stage. Furthermore, by downregulation of Cyclic di‐guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP), biofilm-related genes, and quorum sensing, this compound suppresses intercellular adherence and accumulation of bacterial cells in biofilm and inhibits important bacterial virulence factors. In addition, Cinnamomum could lead to preformed biofilm elimination by enhancing membrane permeability and the disruption of membrane integrity. Moreover, this substance suppresses the Candida species adherence to the oral epithelial cells, leading to the cell wall deformities, damage, and leakages of intracellular material that may contribute to the established Candida’s biofilm elimination. Therefore, by inhibiting biofilm maturation and destroying the external structure of biofilm, Cinnamomum could boost antibiotic treatment success in combination therapy. However, Cinnamomum has several disadvantages, such as poor solubility in aqueous solution, instability, and volatility; thus, the use of different drug-delivery systems may resolve these limitations and should be further considered in future investigations. Overall, Cinnamomum could be a promising agent for inhibiting microbial biofilm-associated infection and could be used as a catheter and other medical materials surface coatings to suppress biofilm formation. Nonetheless, further in vitro toxicology analysis and animal experiments are required to confirm the reported molecular antibiofilm effect of Cinnamomum and its derivative components against microbial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati,
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14
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Kim Y, Kim S, Cho KH, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm Activities of Cinnamaldehyde Analogs against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137225. [PMID: 35806244 PMCID: PMC9267110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation is a major cause of drug resistance and bacterial persistence; thus, controlling pathogenic biofilms is an important component of strategies targeting infectious bacterial diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effects of ten CNMA derivatives and trans-CNMA against Gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Among the CNMA analogs tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde (4-nitroCNMA) showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against UPEC and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cell growth of 100 µg/mL, which were much more active than those of trans-CNMA. 4-NitroCNMA inhibited UPEC swimming motility, and both trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA reduced extracellular polymeric substance production by UPEC. Furthermore, 4-nitroCNMA inhibited the formation of mixed UPEC/S. aureus biofilms. Collectively, our observations indicate that trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA potently inhibit biofilm formation by UPEC and S. aureus. We suggest efforts be made to determine the therapeutic scope of CNMA analogs, as our results suggest CNMA derivatives have potential therapeutic use for biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanghun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
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15
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Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061239. [PMID: 35744757 PMCID: PMC9228545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Besides reduced penetration of antibiotics through the intricate structure of the biofilms, the sessile biofilm-embedded bacteria show reduced metabolic activity making them intrinsically less sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, they frequently express elevated levels of efflux pumps that extrude antibiotics, thereby reducing their intracellular levels. Some efflux pumps are involved in the secretion of QS compounds and biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances from the bacteria. Some efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown to both prevent biofilm formation and sensitize the bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, QS inhibitors or quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements that regulate QS and biofilm formation might be a promising approach to combat antibiotic-resistant biofilm-related bacterial infections.
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16
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Sun Y, Sun F, Feng W, Wang Q, Liu F, Xia P, Qiu X. Luteolin and Vancomycin Synergistically Resisted Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.164.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Laskoski LV, Bandeira DM, Batista JM, Costa WFD, Baeza LC, Kuo LH, Pinto FGDS. Phytochemical prospection and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of extracts and essential oil from leaves of Myrsine umbellata Mart. (Primulaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e263865. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. C. Baeza
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brasil
| | - L. H. Kuo
- Università degli studi di Padova, Italia
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18
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Review of trends in essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in bovine mastitis treatment. ZBORNIK MATICE SRPSKE ZA PRIRODNE NAUKE 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/zmspn2242047t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry responsi?ble
for the welfare and significant economic losses in dairy cows. The treatment
of choice for mastitis is the administration of antibiotics. However, this
therapeutic choice has some disadvantages including presence of antibiotics
residues in the milk, low cure rate as well as rapid increase in
antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Therefore, new alternative approaches to
antibiotics were investigated by different groups of researchers in order to
find an effective approach for bovine mastitis therapy. This review was
conducted in order to analyze different publications on usage of essential
oils in relation to bovine mastitis. There are many in vitro studies for
evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils against many
mastitis associated pathogens. In addition, numerous of tested essential
oils have shown good efficacy with a wide range of minimal inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). On
the other hand, only several in vivo studies have focused on therapeutic
effects of essential oils. Moreover, recent studies indicate the possibility
of using essential oils in the fight against biofilm which could be
promising fight against bovine mastitis since unsuccessful antibiotic
treatment can be associated with the presence of biofilms.
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19
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Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Attenuates Enterococcus faecalis Virulence and Inhibits Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060702. [PMID: 34208134 PMCID: PMC8230787 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis as an important nosocomial pathogen is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, urinary tract, and persistent root canal infections. Its major virulence attributes (biofilm formation, production of proteases, and hemolytic toxins) enable it to cause extensive host tissue damage. With the alarming increase in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics, novel therapeutics are required to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and virulence. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), the main phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, has demonstrated promising activity against a wide range of pathogens. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effect of TC on planktonic growth, biofilm formation, proteolytic and hemolytic activities, as well as gene regulation in E. faecalis. Our findings revealed that sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC reduced biofilm formation, biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as its proteolytic and hemolytic activities. Mechanistic studies revealed significant downregulation of the quorum sensing fsr locus and downstream gelE, which are major virulence regulators in E. faecalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of TC to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and its virulence.
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20
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Khambhati K, Patel J, Saxena V, A P, Jain N. Gene Regulation of Biofilm-Associated Functional Amyloids. Pathogens 2021; 10:490. [PMID: 33921583 PMCID: PMC8072697 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities encased in a rigid yet dynamic extracellular matrix. The sociobiology of bacterial communities within a biofilm is astonishing, with environmental factors playing a crucial role in determining the switch from planktonic to a sessile form of life. The mechanism of biofilm biogenesis is an intriguingly complex phenomenon governed by the tight regulation of expression of various biofilm-matrix components. One of the major constituents of the biofilm matrix is proteinaceous polymers called amyloids. Since the discovery, the significance of biofilm-associated amyloids in adhesion, aggregation, protection, and infection development has been much appreciated. The amyloid expression and assembly is regulated spatio-temporarily within the bacterial cells to perform a diverse function. This review provides a comprehensive account of the genetic regulation associated with the expression of amyloids in bacteria. The stringent control ensures optimal utilization of amyloid scaffold during biofilm biogenesis. We conclude the review by summarizing environmental factors influencing the expression and regulation of amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Jaykumar Patel
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Vijaylaxmi Saxena
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Parvathy A
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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21
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Thermal and non-thermal treatment effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms formed at different temperatures and maturation periods. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109432. [PMID: 33233114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and maturation period on the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms to thermal and non-thermal treatments. First, biofilm development was compared at three different temperatures (15, 25, and 37°C) for 5 days. The cell population at 15 and 25°C remained relatively consistent approximately at 6.3 log CFU/cm2, whereas 37°C resulted in the highest cell population on day 1 (7.6 log CFU/cm2) followed by a continual decline. Then, biofilm resistance to steam and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatments was evaluated. Obtained results highlighted that biofilms had different resistance to both treatments depending on development conditions. Specifically, steam treatment of 10 s eliminated 4.1 log CFU/cm2 of the biofilm formed at 25°C for 5 days. The same treatment inactivated over 5 log population of biofilms developed in other temperature and maturation period conditions. Treatment with NaOCl reduced approximately 1 log CFU/cm2 of biofilm cells developed at 25°C for 5 days. However, inactivation was found to be over 2 log CFU/cm2 under other development conditions. An extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) quantification using 96-well plates and stainless steel coupons was conducted. In the 96-well plate experiment, it was found that the highest amount of polysaccharide was secreted at 25°C (p < 0.05), while total biomass and protein contents were greatest at 37°C (p < 0.05). No significant difference in EPS content was observed for stainless steel, but the results displayed a similar trend to the 96-well plate. In particular, biofilms developed at 25°C tended to secret the highest amount of polysaccharide, which aligned with the current literature. This finding indicated that polysaccharide was the main contribution to the enhanced resistance of S. aureus biofilms. Overall, it was shown that biofilms formed at 25°C for 5 days exhibited the greatest resistance to thermal and nonthermal treatments due to the elevated exopolysaccharide secretion. This study demonstrates that temperature and maturation period significantly affect the resistance of S. aureus biofilms to thermal and non-thermal treatments.
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22
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Ben Abdallah F, Lagha R, Gaber A. Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication Properties of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E369. [PMID: 33171909 PMCID: PMC7694456 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that poses a high risk to patients due to the development of biofilm. Biofilms, are complex biological systems difficult to treat by conventional antibiotic therapy, which contributes to >80% of humans infections. In this report, we examined the antibacterial activity of Origanum majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus zygis medicinal plant essential oils against MRSA clinical isolates using disc diffusion and MIC methods. Moreover, biofilm inhibition and eradication activities of oils were evaluated by crystal violet. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed variations between oils in terms of component numbers in addition to their percentages. Antibacterial activity testing showed a strong effect of these oils against MRSA isolates, and T. zygis had the highest activity succeeded by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Investigated oils demonstrated high biofilm inhibition and eradication actions, with the percentage of inhibition ranging from 10.20 to 95.91%, and the percentage of eradication ranging from 12.65 to 98.01%. O. majorana oil had the highest biofilm inhibition and eradication activities. Accordingly, oils revealed powerful antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA isolates and could be a good alternative for antibiotics substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Ben Abdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (R.L.); (A.G.)
- Unité de Recherche, Virologie & Stratégies Antivirales, UR17ES30, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Lagha
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (R.L.); (A.G.)
- Unité de Recherche, Virologie & Stratégies Antivirales, UR17ES30, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (R.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Balasubramanian AR, Vasudevan S, Shanmugam K, Lévesque CM, Solomon AP, Neelakantan P. Combinatorial effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde with fluoride and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:382-393. [PMID: 32707601 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and its synergistic activity with chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride against Streptococcus mutans. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptococcus mutans UA159 was treated with TC alone and in combination with CHX or sodium fluoride. The synergy profile was analysed using the Zero Interaction Potency model. TC showed strong synergism (synergy score of 21·697) with CHX, but additive effect (synergy score of 5·298) with fluoride. TC and the combinations were tested for acid production (glycolytic pH drop) and biofilm formation by S. mutans, and nitric oxide production in macrophages. TC significantly inhibited sucrose-dependent biofilm formation and acid production by S. mutans. Mechanistic studies were carried out by qRT-PCR-based transcriptomic studies which showed that TC acts by impairing genes related to metabolism, quorum sensing, bacteriocin expression, stress tolerance and biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS trans-Cinnamaldehyde potentiates CHX and sodium fluoride in inhibiting S. mutans biofilms and virulence through multiple mechanisms. This study sheds significant new light on the potential to develop TC as an anti-caries treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Oral diseases were classified as a 'silent epidemic' in the US Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health. Two decades later, >4 billion people are still affected worldwide by caries, having significant effects on the quality of life. There is an urgent need to develop novel compounds and strategies to combat dental caries. Here, we prove that TC downregulates multiple pathways and potentiates the CHX and fluoride to prevent S. mutans biofilms and virulence. This study sheds significant new light on the potential to develop TC in combination with CHX or fluoride as novel treatments to arrest dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Balasubramanian
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - K Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - C M Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A P Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - P Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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24
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Inhibition of multidrug-resistant foodborne Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a natural terpenoid (+)-nootkatone and related molecular mechanism. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Dhara L, Tripathi A. Sub-acute toxicological and behavioural effects of two candidate therapeutics, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, for treatment of ESBL producing-quinolone resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:977-988. [PMID: 32027395 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Present study deals with evaluation of antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against both extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and quinolone resistant (QR) (ESBL-QR) pathogenic Enterobactericeae along with determination of its in vivo toxicity level in a murine model to investigate their pharmacological potential. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EG) and traditional antibiotics against ESBL-QR Enterobactericeae. Sub-acute oral toxicity study (14 days) was carried out in Swiss albino mice to evaluate any toxicological and behavioural effect viz novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and social interaction test of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol demonstrated mode-MIC of 7.28 and 7.34 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Escherichia coli (32.1%) and 0.91 and 3.67 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates, respectively. For haematological and toxicological analyses, after 14 days of oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.91-10 mg/kg) and eugenol (7.34-70 mg/kg), blood was collected from the murine model, while histological examinations were performed on liver and kidney. There was no alteration in food and water intake among treated animals. Toxicological and behavioural studies displayed good safety profiles of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. The results indicated potential antibacterial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against pathogenic ESBL-QR Enterobacteriaceae, without any significant toxicological and behavioural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dhara
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Zhang D, Gan RY, Zhang JR, Farha AK, Li HB, Zhu F, Wang XH, Corke H. Antivirulence properties and related mechanisms of spice essential oils: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1018-1055. [PMID: 33331691 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, reduced antimicrobial effectiveness, increased bacterial infection, and newly emerged microbial resistance have become global public issues, leading to an urgent need to find effective strategies to counteract these problems. Strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial survival have attracted increasing interest, since the modulation of virulence factors may prevent the development of drug resistance in bacteria. Spices are promising natural sources of antivirulence compounds owing to their wide availability, diverse antivirulence phytochemical constituents, and generally favorable safety profiles. Essential oils are the predominant and most important antivirulence components of spices. This review addresses the recent efforts of using spice essential oils to inhibit main bacterial virulence traits, including the quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, motility, and toxin production, with an intensive discussion of related mechanisms. We hope that this review can provide a better understanding of the antivirulence properties of spice essential oils, which have the potential to be used as antibiotic alternatives by targeting bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yu HH, Song YJ, Yu HS, Lee NK, Paik HD. Investigating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter spp. using cell surface characteristics. J Food Sci 2020; 85:157-164. [PMID: 31909483 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are known as biofilm-forming bacteria in food systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken meat. The biofilm-forming C. jejuni and C. coli strains from chicken meat were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Campylobacter spp. characteristics. The MIC value was 31.25 µg/mL for the Campylobacter strains tested. Cinnamaldehyde had an inhibition and degradation effect on Campylobacter biofilms at concentrations > 15.63 µg/mL. Campylobacter strains treated with 15.63 µg/mL CA exhibited significantly decreased autoaggregation, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and soluble protein. In addition, Campylobacter biofilms formed on stainless steel were degraded following cinnamaldehyde treatment, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde constitutes a potential natural preservative against Campylobacter and a nontoxic biofilm remover that could be applied to control food poisoning in the poultry manufacturing-related food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Cinnamaldehyde was able to effectively remove the biofilm of Campylobacter in the small crack of stainless steel. Cinnamaldehyde has a potential to replace the synthetic antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm agent as well as has a positive influence on consumer concern for the food safety issues of the poultry industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Hee Yu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Song
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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28
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Doyle AA, Stephens JC. A review of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as antibacterial agents. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104405. [PMID: 31707126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuing rise in the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance to currently available antibiotics has become a global health issue leading to an urgent need for alternative antibacterial strategies. There has been a renewed interest in the development of antibacterial agents from natural sources, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is an example of a naturally occurring compound that has received significant attention in recent years. Trans-Cinnamaldehyde has been shown to possess substantial antimicrobial activity, as well as an array of other medicinal properties, and represents an intriguing hit compound from which a number of derivatives have been developed. In some cases, these derivatives have been shown to possess improved activity, not only compared to trans-cinnamaldehyde but also to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, understanding the antibacterial mechanisms of action that these compounds elicit is imperative in order to facilitate their development and the development of new antibacterial agents that could exploit similar mechanistic approaches. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of action of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, and to highlight significant contributions made in this research area. It is hoped that the findings presented in this work will aid the future development of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John C Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Dhara L, Tripathi A. Cinnamaldehyde: a compound with antimicrobial and synergistic activity against ESBL-producing quinolone-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:65-73. [PMID: 31624984 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Usage of cephalosporin and quinolone antibiotics has aggravated the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing quinolone-resistant (QR) pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. The present study aims to determine antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde alone or in combination with cefotaxime/ciprofloxacin to reverse the drug resistance and evaluations of efficacy, and possible molecular mechanism of action of the combination was also evaluated using in vitro assays. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde and antibiotics against ESBL-QR Enterobacteriaceae. Synergistic effect and dynamic interaction with antibiotics were further examined by checkerboard assay, isobologram analysis, and time-kill assay, respectively. Cellular morphology of bacteria was viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effects of cinnamaldehyde and its combination on the expression of gene encoding-porins (ompC, ompF, ompK35, and ompK36), efflux pump genes (acrB-E. coli, acrB-K. pneumoniae), and antibiotic-resistant genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM, and QnrB) were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Majority of the E. coli (32.1%) and K. pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates demonstrated MIC of cinnamaldehyde at 7.34 μg/mL and 0.91 g/mL, respectively. Synergism between cinnamaldehyde and cefotaxime was noted among 75% E. coli and 60.6% K. pneumoniae. Similarly, synergism with ciprofloxacin was observed among 39.6% and 42.4% of the bacteria, respectively. Thus, cinnamaldehyde reduced MIC of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin 2-1024-fold with bactericidal and/synergistic effect after 24 h. Cinnamaldehyde and its combination altered gene expression by ~ 1.6 to ~ 400-fold. Distorted bacterial cell structures were visible after treatment with cinnamaldehyde and/or with cefotaxime/ciprofloxacin. The results indicated the potential efficacy and mode of action of cinnamaldehyde alone and in combination with antibiotics against pathogenic ESBL-QR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dhara
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Yu H, Liu M, Liu Y, Qin L, Jin M, Wang Z. Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1249. [PMID: 31244794 PMCID: PMC6563755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dracocephalum moldavica L. is a popular traditional medicine used by many countries, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects. The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of D. moldavica L. extracts against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Our results demonstrated that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 50 and 90% of S. aureus isolates (MIC50 and MIC90) of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from D. moldavica L. ethanol extract were 780 and 1,065 μg/ml, respectively. We further observed that the EtOAc fraction disrupted 24-h biofilm caused cell membrane damage and irregular cell shape. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction showed slight to moderate toxic effects on human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Moreover, the results of the differential proteome revealed that 231 proteins were upregulated, while 61 proteins were downregulated in S. aureus after treatment with the EtOAc fraction. The differentially expressed proteins were functionally categorized by the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. These proteins contribute to membrane damage, inhibition of biofilm formation, and changes in energy metabolism. Thus, the EtOAc fraction of D. moldavica L. ethanol extract, as a natural product, has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent to control the clinical isolates of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Lei Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Min Jin
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Yang Y, Hwang EH, Park BI, Choi NY, Kim KJ, You YO. Artemisia princepsInhibits Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Factor Expression ofStreptococcus mutans. J Med Food 2019; 22:623-630. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Eun-hee Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Bog-Im Park
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- College of Education, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kang-Ju Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Ouk You
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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32
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Albano M, Crulhas BP, Alves FCB, Pereira AFM, Andrade BFMT, Barbosa LN, Furlanetto A, Lyra LPDS, Rall VLM, Júnior AF. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against S. epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kucinska-Lipka J, Gubanska I, Lewandowska A, Terebieniec A, Przybytek A, Cieśliński H. Antibacterial polyurethanes, modified with cinnamaldehyde, as potential materials for fabrication of wound dressings. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Synthesis and Spectrum of Biological Activities of Novel N-arylcinnamamides. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082318. [PMID: 30087309 PMCID: PMC6121455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sixteen ring-substituted N-arylcinnamamides was prepared and characterized. Primary in vitro screening of all the synthesized compounds was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, three methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Fusarium avenaceum, and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Several of the tested compounds showed antistaphylococcal, antitubercular, and antifungal activities comparable with or higher than those of ampicillin, isoniazid, and benomyl. (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide and (2E)-3-phenyl-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide showed the highest activities (MICs = 22.27 and 27.47 µM, respectively) against all four staphylococcal strains and against M. tuberculosis. These compounds showed an activity against biofilm formation of S. aureus ATCC 29213 in concentrations close to MICs and an ability to increase the activity of clinically used antibiotics with different mechanisms of action (vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline). In time-kill studies, a decrease of CFU/mL of >99% after 8 h from the beginning of incubation was observed. (2E)-N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)- and (2E)-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide had a MIC = 27.38 µM against M. tuberculosis, while a significant decrease (22.65%) of mycobacterial cell metabolism determined by the MTT assay was observed for the 3,5-dichlorophenyl derivative. (2E)-N-(3-Fluorophenyl)- and (2E)-N-(3-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide exhibited MICs = 16.58 and 33.71 µM, respectively, against B. sorokiniana. The screening of the cytotoxicity of the most effective antimicrobial compounds was performed using THP-1 cells, and these chosen compounds did not shown any significant lethal effect. The compounds were also evaluated for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (IC50 = 5.1 µM) was the most active PET inhibitor. Compounds with fungicide potency did not show any in vivo toxicity against Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun. The structure–activity relationships are discussed.
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Vasconcelos N, Croda J, Simionatto S. Antibacterial mechanisms of cinnamon and its constituents: A review. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Trevisan DAC, Silva AFD, Negri M, Abreu Filho BAD, Machinski Junior M, Patussi EV, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Mikcha JMG. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of carvacrol against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Unlu A, Sar T, Seker G, Erman AG, Kalpar E, Akbas MY. Biofilm formation byStaphylococcus aureusstrains and their control by selected phytochemicals. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aise Unlu
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Gamze Seker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Elif Kalpar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Institute of Biotechnology; Gebze Technical University; Gebze-Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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Silva AF, dos Santos AR, Coelho Trevisan DA, Ribeiro AB, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, Kukolj C, de Souza EM, Cardoso RF, Estivalet Svidzinski TI, de Abreu Filho BA, Junior MM, Graton Mikcha JM. Cinnamaldehyde induces changes in the protein profile of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pedonese F, Fratini F, Pistelli L, Porta FM, Ciccio PD, Fischetti R, Turchi B, Nuvoloni R. Antimicrobial activity of four essential oils against pigmenting Pseudomonas fluorescens and biofilmproducing Staphylococcus aureus of dairy origin. Ital J Food Saf 2017; 6:6939. [PMID: 29564238 PMCID: PMC5850063 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2017.6939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of secondary metabolites of plant origin with many useful properties, among which the antimicrobial activity is also of interest for the food industry. EOs can exert their antimicrobial potential both directly, in food products and active packaging, and indirectly, as sanitizing and anti-biofilm agents of food facility surfaces. Aim of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four EOs (bergamot, cinnamon, manuka and thyme) against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products. The chemical composition of EOs was evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values were determined by a microplate method against 9 Ps. fluorescens from marketed mozzarella with blue discoloration defect, and 3 biofilm-producing S. aureus from milk. Reference ATCC strains were included. Pigment production activity by Ps. fluorescens was assessed both in culture and in cheese. EOs of manuka (leptospermone 23%) and thyme (carvacrol 30%, pcymene 20%, thymol 15%) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, MIC values were 0.012%-0.024% and 0.024% v/v, respectively; meanwhile EOs from thyme and cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde 55%) exhibited the best activity against Ps. fluorescens with MIC values of 0.098%-0.195% and 0.195%-0.391% v/v, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of these EOs is promising and they could be exploited in the dairy production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Fischetti
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lazio and Tuscany, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa
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Aloe-emodin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and extracellular protein production at the initial adhesion stage of biofilm development. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6671-6681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Wang LH, Wang MS, Zeng XA, Gong DM, Huang YB. An in vitro investigation of the inhibitory mechanism of β-galactosidase by cinnamaldehyde alone and in combination with carvacrol and thymol. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3189-3198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Ferro TAF, Araújo JMM, dos Santos Pinto BL, dos Santos JS, Souza EB, da Silva BLR, Colares VLP, Novais TMG, Filho CMB, Struve C, Calixto JB, Monteiro-Neto V, da Silva LCN, Fernandes ES. Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2052. [PMID: 28066373 PMCID: PMC5174152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. Cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. However, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, especially when tested at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Herein, we show for the first time that cinnamaldehyde is bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis multidrug resistant strains and does not promote bacterial tolerance. Cinnamaldehyde actions were stronger on S. aureus as it was able to inhibit its hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and reduce its adherence to latex. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde enhanced the serum-dependent lysis of S. aureus. In vivo testing of cinnamaldehyde in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus, showed this compound improves larvae survival whilst diminishing bacterial load in their hemolymph. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde may represent an alternative therapy to control S. aureus-induced bacterial infections as it presents the ability to reduce bacterial virulence/survival without promoting an adaptive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliene B. Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - João B. Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Estudos Pré-clínicosFlorianópolis, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
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43
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Romero-Gil V, Garrido-Fernández A, Arroyo-López FN. In silico Logistic Model for Table Olive Related Microorganisms As a Function of Sodium Metabisulphite, Cinnamaldehyde, pH, and Type of Acidifying Agent. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1370. [PMID: 27630627 PMCID: PMC5005353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A probabilistic/logistic model, based on binary data (growth/no growth), was used to assess the effects of sodium metabisulphite (SM) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN; 0-1000 mg/L) against the main microbial groups found in table olive environment [lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and Enterobacteriaceae], according to pH (range 3.5-5.0), and type of acidifying agent (HCl or pyruvic acid). The inhibitory effect of SM depended on the pH while that of CIN was scarcely influenced by it (except for LAB). LAB were more sensitive to SM, while yeasts were to CIN. The use of pyruvic acid for correction of pH always produced a reduction (compared to HCl) of the inhibitory power of both preservatives. The in silico models for HCl showed that, at pH 4.0, and growth probability 0.01, the LAB population might be inhibited by the presence in the medium of 150 mg/L SM or 1000 mg/L CIN, while in the case of yeasts, 450 mg/L SM, or 150 mg/L CIN are required. No growth of Enterobacteriaceae was observed at this (or lower) pH level. The results obtained may contribute to the stabilization of non-thermally treated table olive packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Romero-Gil
- Regulatory Council of PDO Aloreña de Málaga Table OlivesMalaga, Spain; Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de OlavideSeville, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido-Fernández
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco N Arroyo-López
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide Seville, Spain
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44
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Biofilm Formation by Environmental Isolates of Salmonella and Their Sensitivity to Natural Antimicrobials. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:509-16. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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45
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Silva LN, Zimmer KR, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Plant Natural Products Targeting Bacterial Virulence Factors. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9162-236. [PMID: 27437994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased antimicrobial efficiency has become a global public health issue. The paucity of new antibacterial drugs is evident, and the arsenal against infectious diseases needs to be improved urgently. The selection of plants as a source of prototype compounds is appropriate, since plant species naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical line of defense against microorganisms in the environment. Although traditional approaches to combat microbial infections remain effective, targeting microbial virulence rather than survival seems to be an exciting strategy, since the modulation of virulence factors might lead to a milder evolutionary pressure for the development of resistance. Additionally, anti-infective chemotherapies may be successfully achieved by combining antivirulence and conventional antimicrobials, extending the lifespan of these drugs. This review presents an updated discussion of natural compounds isolated from plants with chemically characterized structures and activity against the major bacterial virulence factors: quorum sensing, bacterial biofilms, bacterial motility, bacterial toxins, bacterial pigments, bacterial enzymes, and bacterial surfactants. Moreover, a critical analysis of the most promising virulence factors is presented, highlighting their potential as targets to attenuate bacterial virulence. The ongoing progress in the field of antivirulence therapy may therefore help to translate this promising concept into real intervention strategies in clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nunes Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Karine Rigon Zimmer
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Campina Grande, Paraı́ba 58429-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silva Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
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46
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Romero-Gil V, García-García P, Garrido-Fernández A, Arroyo-López FN. Susceptibility and resistance of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts against preservatives with potential application in table olives. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Artemisia princeps Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Virulence-Factor Expression of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:239519. [PMID: 26247012 PMCID: PMC4515282 DOI: 10.1155/2015/239519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used ethanol extract of A. princeps and investigated its antibacterial effects against MRSA. Ethanol extract of A. princeps significantly inhibited MRSA growth and organic acid production during glucose metabolism at concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL (P < 0.05). MRSA biofilm formation was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining. A. princeps extract was found to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation at concentrations higher than 2 mg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). Bactericidal effects of the A. princeps were observed using confocal laser microscopy, which showed that A. princeps was bactericidal in a dose-dependent manner. Using real-time PCR, expression of mecA, an antibiotic-resistance gene of MRSA, was observed, along with that of sea, agrA, and sarA. A. princeps significantly inhibited mecA, sea, agrA, and sarA, mRNA expression at the concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL (P < 0.05). The phytochemical analysis of A. princeps showed a relatively high content of organic acids and glycosides. The results of this study suggest that the ethanol extract of A. princeps may inhibit proliferation, acid production, biofilm formation, and virulence gene expressions of MRSA, which may be related to organic acids and glycosides, the major components in the extract.
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48
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Kim ES, Kang SY, Kim YH, Lee YE, Choi NY, You YO, Kim KJ. Chamaecyparis obtusa Essential Oil Inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Expression of Virulence Factors. J Med Food 2015; 18:810-7. [PMID: 25923444 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused difficulty in treating infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most commonly recognized antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Novel antibiotics are urgently required to treat these bacteria. Raw materials derived from natural sources can be used for the development of novel antibiotics, such as Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa), which has been traditionally used in treating asthmatic disease. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from C. obtusa leaves against MRSA was investigated. MRSA growth and acid production from glucose metabolism were inhibited at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/mL C. obtusa EO. MRSA biofilm formation was observed using scanning electron microscopy and safranin staining. C. obtusa EO inhibited MRSA biofilm formation at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/mL. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, mRNA expression of virulence factor genes, sea, agrA, and sarA, was observed. agrA expression was inhibited with C. obtusa EO concentrations greater than 0.2 mg/mL, whereas inhibition of sea and sarA expression was also observed at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. C. obtusa EO was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled for mass spectrometry, which identified 59 constituents, accounting to 98.99% of the total EO. These findings suggest that C. obtusa EO has antibacterial effects against MRSA, which might be associated with the major components of C. obtusa EO, such as sabinene (19.06%), α-terpinyl acetate (16.99%), bornyl acetate (10.48%), limonene (8.54%), elemol (7.47%), myrcene (5.86%), γ-terpinene (4.04%), and hibaene (3.01%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Kim
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kang
- 2 Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Hoi Kim
- 3 Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Lee
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea.,4 Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- 5 College of Education, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yong-Ouk You
- 1 Wonkwang Research Institute for Food Industry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea.,2 Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Kang-Ju Kim
- 6 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry; Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
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49
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Kim SI, Baek KH, Lee J. Cinnamon bark oil and its components inhibit biofilm formation and toxin production. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 195:30-9. [PMID: 25500277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term usage of antibiotics has resulted in the evolution of multidrug resistant bacteria, and pathogenic biofilms contribute to reduced susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, 83 essential oils were initially screened for biofilm inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cinnamon bark oil and its main constituent cinnamaldehyde at 0.05% (v/v) markedly inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Furthermore, cinnamon bark oil and eugenol decreased the production of pyocyanin and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone, the swarming motility, and the hemolytic activity of P. aeruginosa. Also, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol at 0.01% (v/v) significantly decreased biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC). Transcriptional analysis showed that cinnamon bark oil down-regulated curli genes and Shiga-like toxin gene stx2 in EHEC. In addition, biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film incorporating biofilm inhibitors was fabricated and shown to provide efficient biofilm control on solid surfaces. This is the first report that cinnamon bark oil and its components, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, reduce the production of pyocyanin and PQS, the swarming motility, and the hemolytic activity of P. aeruginosa, and inhibit EHEC biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Il Kim
- Nareso Research Center, Seoho-ro 89, Suwon 441-853, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Natural cinnamic acids, synthetic derivatives and hybrids with antimicrobial activity. Molecules 2014; 19:19292-349. [PMID: 25429559 PMCID: PMC6271800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial natural preparations involving cinnamon, storax and propolis have been long used topically for treating infections. Cinnamic acids and related molecules are partly responsible for the therapeutic effects observed in these preparations. Most of the cinnamic acids, their esters, amides, aldehydes and alcohols, show significant growth inhibition against one or several bacterial and fungal species. Of particular interest is the potent antitubercular activity observed for some of these cinnamic derivatives, which may be amenable as future drugs for treating tuberculosis. This review intends to summarize the literature data on the antimicrobial activity of the natural cinnamic acids and related derivatives. In addition, selected hybrids between cinnamic acids and biologically active scaffolds with antimicrobial activity were also included. A comprehensive literature search was performed collating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each cinnamic acid or derivative against the reported microorganisms. The MIC data allows the relative comparison between series of molecules and the derivation of structure-activity relationships.
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