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Takishita Y, Subramanian S, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Interactive effects of Pseudomonas entomophila strain 23S and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on proteome and anti-Cmm compound production. J Proteomics 2023; 289:105006. [PMID: 37717723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas entomophila strain 23S is an effective biocontrol bacterium for tomato bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm); it produces an inhibitory compound affecting the growth of Cmm. In this study, the interactions between pure cultures of P. entomophila 23S and Cmm were investigated. First, the population dynamics of each bacterium during the interaction was determined using the selective media. Second, the amount of anti-Cmm compound produced by P. entomophila 23S in the presence of Cmm was quantified using HPLC. Lastly, a label-free shotgun proteomics study of P. entomophila 23S, Cmm, and a co-culture was conducted to understand the effects of the interaction of each bacterium at the proteomic level. Compared with the pure culture grown, the total number of proteins decreased in the interaction for both bacteria. P. entomophila 23S secreted stress-related proteins, such as chaperonins, peptidases, ABC-transporters and elongation factors. The bacterium also produced more proteins related with purine, pyrimidine, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in the presence of Cmm. The population enumeration study revealed that the Cmm population declined dramatically during the interaction, while the population of P. entomophila 23S maintained. The quantification of anti-Cmm compound indicated that P. entomophila 23S produced significantly higher amount of anti-Cmm compound when it was cultured with Cmm. Overall, the study suggested that P. entomophila 23S, although is cidal to Cmm, was also negatively affected by the presence of Cmm, while trying to adapt to the stress condition, and that such an environment favored increased production of the anti-Cmm compound by P. entomophila 23S. SIGNIFICANCE: Pseudomonas entomophila strain 23S is an effective biocontrol bacterium for tomato bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm); it produces an inhibitory compound affecting the growth of Cmm. In this study, secreted proteome of pure cultures of P. entomophila 23S and Cmm, and also of a co-culture was first time identified. Furthermore, the study found that P. entomophila strain 23S produced significantly higher amount of anti-Cmm compound when the bacterium was grown together with Cmm. Co-culture enhancing anti-Cmm compound production by P. entomophila 23S is useful information, particularly from a commercial point of view of biocontrol application, and for scale-up of anti-Cmm compound production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takishita
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Alfred Souleimanov
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Donald L Smith
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Guzmán-Guzmán P, Kumar A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Parra-Cota FI, Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Fadiji AE, Hyder S, Babalola OO, Santoyo G. Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030432. [PMID: 36771517 PMCID: PMC9921048 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol agents (BCA) have been an important tool in agriculture to prevent crop losses due to plant pathogens infections and to increase plant food production globally, diminishing the necessity for chemical pesticides and fertilizers and offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma are among the most used and studied microorganisms as BCA due to the variety of biocontrol traits, such as parasitism, antibiosis, secondary metabolites (SM) production, and plant defense system induction. Several Trichoderma species are well-known mycoparasites. However, some of those species can antagonize other organisms such as nematodes and plant pests, making this fungus a very versatile BCA. Trichoderma has been used in agriculture as part of innovative bioformulations, either just Trichoderma species or in combination with other plant-beneficial microbes, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, we review the most recent literature regarding the biocontrol studies about six of the most used Trichoderma species, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride, highlighting their biocontrol traits and the use of these fungal genera in Trichoderma-based formulations to control or prevent plant diseases, and their importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Fannie I. Parra-Cota
- Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
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Liu T, Zou LJ, Tian DW, Can QY, Zhu ML, Mo MH, Zhang KQ. Proteomic changes in Arthrobotrys oligospora conidia in response to benzaldehyde-induced fungistatic stress. J Proteomics 2018; 192:358-365. [PMID: 30282050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soil fungistasis limits the effect of fungal agents designed to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Benzaldehyde is a fungistatic factor produced by soil microorganisms that can suppress conidial germination, but the molecular mechanism of this suppression is unknown. In this study, three conidial proteomes of Arthrobotrys oligospora ATCC24927, a nematode-trapping fungus, were obtained, quantified, and compared. Under benzaldehyde fungistatic stress, conidial protein expression profile changed significantly. Screening with a twofold selection criterion revealed 164 up-regulated and 110 down-regulated proteins. 17 proteins related to protein translation were down-regulated and gene transcription analysis suggested that the repression of proteins translation might be one mechanism by which benzaldehyde inhibites conidial germination. Benzaldehyde also resulted in the down-regulation of respiratory chain proteins and mitochondrial processes, as well as the repression of conidial DNA synthesis. In addition, the conidia up-regulated several proteins that enable it to resist benzaldehyde-induced fungistatis, and this was confirmed by a functional assessment of two knockout mutants. This study reveals putative mechanisms by which benzaldehyde causes fungistasis as well as the proteomic response of conidia to benzaldehyde. SIGNIFICANCE: Soil fungistasis limits the effect of fungal agents designed to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Benzaldehyde is one of fungistatic factors produced by soil microorganisms that can suppress conidial germination. In this study, we found that conidial protein expression profile changed significantly under benzaldehyde fungistatic stress. This research revealed new mechanistic data that describe how benzaldehyde is responsible for fungiststis by inhibiting conidial germination. Moreover, we also found that conidia can resist benzaldehyde by up-regulating proteins such as benzaldehyde dehydrogenase and heat shock proteins. This study also showed that proteomics methods play important roles in addressing soil fungistatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Dong-Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Qi-Yan Can
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhu
- Yunnan of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming 650202, PR China
| | - Ming-He Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Quantitative proteomics revealed partial fungistatic mechanism of ammonia against conidial germination of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora ATCC24927. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:104-112. [PMID: 29544894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the fungistatic factors in soil that can suppress conidial germination, but the molecular mechanism underlying the suppression is unknown. In this study, the proteomes of fungistatic conidia, fresh conidia and germinated conidia of Arthrobotrys oligospora ATCC24927 were determined and quantified. The protein expression profile of fungistatic conidia was significantly different from those in the other two conditions. 281 proteins were down expressed in fungistatic conidia and characterized by GO annotation. Gene transcription analysis and inhibition of puromycin (a protein translation inhibitor) on conidial germination suggested that down expression of 33 protein translation related proteins might well result in repression of protein synthesis and inhibition of conidial germination. In addition, 16 down-expressed proteins were mapped to the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (Ras/MAP) regulatory networks which regulate conidial DNA synthesis. The conidial DNA synthesis was found to be definitely inhibited under by ammonia, and function studies of two Ras/MAP proteins by using knock-out strains provided partial evidence that Ras/MAP pathway regulate the conidial germination. These results suggested that down-expression of Ras/MAP related proteins might result in inhibition of DNA synthesis and finally result in inhibition conidial germination. This study revealed partial fungistatic mechanism of ammonia against conidial germination.
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Ujor VC, Adukwu EC, Okonkwo CC. Fungal wars: The underlying molecular repertoires of combating mycelia. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:191-202. [PMID: 29551193 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-self contact between fungi elicits strong morphological and biochemical reactions in the mycelia of interacting species. Although these reactions appear to be species- and interaction-specific, some responses such as pigmentation, increased secretion of phenol-oxidases, barrage formation and sealing of the mycelia front are common responses in most interactions. Hence, some species recruit similar molecular machineries in response to non-self. Increasing number of fully sequenced and annotated fungal genomes and advances in genome-wide and global proteome analytical tools now allow researchers to use techniques such as RNA sequencing, micro and macroarray analysis, 2-dimensional protein gel profiling, and differential display of mRNA to probe the underlying molecular mechanisms of combative mycelial interactions. This review provides an overview of the genes and proteins found to be differentially expressed in conflicting fungal mycelia by the use of 'omics' tools. Connections between observed gene and protein repertoires of competing mycelia and the attendant morphological and biochemical changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ujor
- Bioenergy and Biological Waste Management Program, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Emmanuel C Adukwu
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Cold Harbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C Okonkwo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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Abstract
Decomposer fungi continually deplete the organic resources they inhabit, so successful colonization of new resources is a crucial part of their ecology. Colonization success can be split into (i) the ability to arrive at, gain entry into, and establish within a resource and (ii) the ability to persist within the resource until reproduction and dissemination. Fungi vary in their life history strategies, the three main drivers of which are stress (S-selected), disturbance (ruderal, or R-selected), and incidence of competitors (C-selected); however, fungi often have combinations of characteristics from different strategies. Arrival at a new resource may occur as spores or mycelium, with successful entry and establishment (primary resource capture) within the resource largely dependent on the enzymatic ability of the fungus. The communities that develop in a newly available resource depend on environmental conditions and, in particular, the levels of abiotic stress present (e.g., high temperature, low water availability). Community change occurs when these initial colonizers are replaced by species that are either more combative (secondary resource capture) or better able to tolerate conditions within the resource, either through changing abiotic conditions or due to modification of the resource by the initial colonizers. Competition for territory may involve highly specialized species-specific interactions such as mycoparasitism or may be more general; in both cases combat involves changes in morphology, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species production, and outcomes of these interactions can be altered under different environmental conditions. In summary, community development is not a simple ordered sequence, but a complex ever-changing mosaic.
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van der Wal A, Geydan TD, Kuyper TW, de Boer W. A thready affair: linking fungal diversity and community dynamics to terrestrial decomposition processes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:477-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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