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Govindaraju K, Vasantharaja R, Uma Suganya K, Anbarasu S, Revathy K, Pugazhendhi A, Karthickeyan D, Singaravelu G. Unveiling the anticancer and antimycobacterial potentials of bioengineered gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mousa N, Abdel-Razik A, Zaher A, Hamed M, Shiha G, Effat N, Elbaz S, Elhelaly R, Hafez M, El-Wakeel N, Eldars W. The role of antioxidants and zinc in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized trial. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:684-91. [PMID: 27582881 PMCID: PMC4984323 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16645049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has a far-reaching impact on quality and function ability in daily life and may progress to overt hepatic encephalopathy. There is a synergistic effect between systemic oxidative stress and ammonia that is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of oral supplementation of antioxidants and zinc gluconate on MHE versus lactulose. METHODS Our study included 58 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed as having MHE by neuropsychometric tests, including number connection test part A (NCT-A), digit symbol test (DST) and block design tests (BDTs). Patients were randomized to receive 175 mg zinc gluconate, 50,000 IU vitamin A, 500 mg vitamin C and 100 mg vitamin E once daily plus lactulose, dose 30-60 ml/day for 3 months [group A (n = 31)] or initiated and maintained on lactulose dose 30-60 ml/day for 3 months [group B (n = 27)]. Neuropsychometric tests and laboratory investigations were repeated after 3 months of therapy. RESULTS Compared with the baseline neuropsychometric tests, a significant improvement was reported in patients with MHE after 3 months of antioxidant and zinc therapy (group A) versus patients with lactulose therapy (group B) (NCT-A, p <0.001; DST, p = 0.006; BDT, p < 0.001). Antioxidant and zinc supplementation significantly decreased arterial ammonia level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001) and improved Child-Pugh score in MHE after 3 months of therapy (p= 0.024). CONCLUSION Antioxidant and zinc supplementation can improve MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Razik
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Zaher
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Magdy Hamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Gamal Shiha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Narmin Effat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elbaz
- Endemic Diseases and Gastroenterology Department, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Rania Elhelaly
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hafez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Niveen El-Wakeel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Waleed Eldars
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
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Zhang J, Li C, Tang X, Lu Q, Sa R, Zhang H. Proteome changes in the small intestinal mucosa of broilers (Gallus gallus) induced by high concentrations of atmospheric ammonia. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:9. [PMID: 25741220 PMCID: PMC4347970 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ammonia is a well-known toxicant both existing in atmospheric and aquatic system. So far, most studies of ammonia toxicity focused on mammals or aquatic animals. With the development of poultry industry, ammonia as a main source of contaminant in the air is causing more and more problems on broiler production, especially lower growth rate. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the negative effects of ammonia on the growth and intestine of broilers are yet unclear. We investigated the growth, gut morphology, and mucosal proteome of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus gallus) exposed to high concentrations of atmospheric ammonia by performing a proteomics approach integrated with traditional methods. Results Exposure to ammonia interfered with the development of immune organ and gut villi. Meanwhile, it greatly reduced daily weight gain and feed intake, and enhanced feed conversion ratio. A total of 43 intestinal mucosal proteins were found to be differentially abundant. Up-regulated proteins are related to oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis. Down-regulated proteins are related to cell structure and growth, transcriptional and translational regulation, immune response, oxidative stress and nutrient metabolism. These results indicated that exposure to ammonia triggered oxidative stress, and interfered with nutrient absorption and immune function in the small intestinal mucosa of broilers. Conclusions These findings have important implications for understanding the toxic mechanisms of ammonia on intestine of broilers, which provides new information that can be used for intervention using nutritional strategies in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0067-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Renna Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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Arafa MH, Atteia HH. Sildenafil citrate attenuates the deleterious effects of elevated ammonia. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:402-11. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.770109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mahmoud AM. Influence of rutin on biochemical alterations in hyperammonemia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thenmozhi AJ, Subramanian P. Antioxidant Potential of Momordica Charantia in Ammonium Chloride-Induced Hyperammonemic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:612023. [PMID: 20047891 PMCID: PMC3136738 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Momordica charantia fruit extract (MCE) in ammonium chloride-induced (AC) hyperammonemic rats. Experimental hyperammonemia was induced in adult male Wistar rats (180-200 g) by intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride (100 mg kg(-1) body weight) thrice a week. The effect of oral administration (thrice a week for 8 consecutive weeks) of MCE (300 mg kg(-1) body weight) on blood ammonia, plasma urea, serum liver marker enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in normal and experimental animals was analyzed. Hyperammonemic rats showed a significant increase in the activities of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and liver markers (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), and the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and brain tissues. Treatment with MCE normalized the above-mentioned changes in hyperammonemic rats by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during AC-induced hyperammonemia, and offered protection against hyperammonemia. Our results indicate that MCE exerting the antioxidant potentials and maintaining the cellular integrity of the liver tissue could offer protection against AC-induced hyperammonemia. However, the exact underlying mechanism is yet to be investigated, and examination of the efficacy of the active constituents of the M. charantia on hyperammonemia is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Pongamia pinnata, a Potential Biodiesel Crop. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Holecek M, Kandar R, Sispera L, Kovarik M. Acute hyperammonemia activates branched-chain amino acid catabolism and decreases their extracellular concentrations: different sensitivity of red and white muscle. Amino Acids 2010; 40:575-84. [PMID: 20614225 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is considered to be the main cause of decreased levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, leucine, and isoleucine, in liver cirrhosis. In this study we investigated whether the decrease in BCAA is caused by the direct effect of ammonia on BCAA metabolism and the effect of ammonia on BCAA and protein metabolism in different types of skeletal muscle. M. soleus (SOL, slow-twitch, red muscle) and m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch, white muscle) of white rat were isolated and incubated in a medium with or without 500 μM ammonia. We measured the exchange of amino acids between the muscle and the medium, amino acid concentrations in the muscle, release of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), leucine oxidation, total and myofibrillar proteolysis, and protein synthesis. Hyperammonemia inhibited the BCAA release (81% in SOL and 60% in EDL vs. controls), increased the release of BCKA (133% in SOL and 161% in EDL vs. controls) and glutamine (138% in SOL and 145% in EDL vs. controls), and increased the leucine oxidation in EDL (174% of controls). Ammonia also induced a significant increase in glutamine concentration in skeletal muscle. The effect of ammonia on intracellular BCAA concentration, protein synthesis and on total and myofibrillar proteolysis was insignificant. The data indicates that hyperammonemia directly affects the BCAA metabolism in skeletal muscle which results in decreased levels of BCAA in the extracellular fluid. The effect is associated with activated synthesis of glutamine, increased BCAA oxidation, decreased release of BCAA, and enhanced release of BCKA. These metabolic changes are not directly associated with marked changes in protein turnover. The effect of ammonia is more pronounced in muscles with high content of white fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Mohamed Essa M, Subramanian P. Pongamia pinnatainfluences the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental hyperammonemic Wistar rats with reference to temporal oscillations. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010701590042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morin a flavonoid exerts antioxidant potential in chronic hyperammonemic rats: a biochemical and histopathological study. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 327:153-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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