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He R, Wei Y, Peng Z, Yang J, Zhou Z, Li A, Wu Y, Wang M, Li X, Zhao D, Liu Z, Dong H, Leng X. α-Ketoglutarate alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting ferroptosis via the ETV4/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:88. [PMID: 38877424 PMCID: PMC11177415 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder that causes disability in aged individuals, caused by functional and structural alterations of the knee joint. To investigate whether metabolic drivers might be harnessed to promote cartilage repair, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) untargeted metabolomics approach was carried out to screen serum biomarkers in osteoarthritic rats. Based on the correlation analyses, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. These properties make α-KG a prime candidate for further investigation of OA. Experimental results indicate that α-KG significantly inhibited H2O2-induced cartilage cell matrix degradation and apoptosis, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels, and upregulated the expression of ETV4, SLC7A11 and GPX4. Further mechanistic studies observed that α-KG, like Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), effectively alleviated Erastin-induced apoptosis and ECM degradation. α-KG and Fer-1 upregulated ETV4, SLC7A11, and GPX4 at the mRNA and protein levels, decreased ferrous ion (Fe2+) accumulation, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in ATDC5 cells. In vivo, α-KG treatment inhibited ferroptosis in OA rats by activating the ETV4/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Thus, these findings indicate that α-KG inhibits ferroptosis via the ETV4/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating OA. These observations suggest that α-KG exhibits potential therapeutic properties for the treatment and prevention of OA, thereby having potential clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuchi Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ailin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yongji Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Haisi Dong
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China.
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Pleiotropic effects of alpha-ketoglutarate as a potential anti-ageing agent. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101237. [PMID: 33340716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is involved in pleiotropic metabolic and regulatory pathways in the cell, including energy production, biosynthesis of certain amino acids, collagen biosynthesis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of redox homeostasis, and detoxification of hazardous substances. Recently, AKG supplement was found to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in experimental models such as nematodes, fruit flies, yeasts, and mice. This review summarizes current knowledge on metabolic and regulatory functions of AKG and its potential anti-ageing effects. Impact on epigenetic regulation of ageing via being an obligate substrate of DNA and histone demethylases, direct antioxidant properties, and function as mimetic of caloric restriction and hormesis-induced agent are among proposed mechanisms of AKG geroprotective action. Due to influence on mitochondrial respiration, AKG can stimulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. According to hormesis hypothesis, moderate stimulation of ROS production could have rather beneficial biological effects, than detrimental ones, because of the induction of defensive mechanisms that improve resistance to stressors and age-related diseases and slow down functional senescence. Discrepancies found in different models and limitations of AKG as a geroprotective drug are discussed.
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Liu S, He L, Yao K. The Antioxidative Function of Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Its Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3408467. [PMID: 29750149 PMCID: PMC5884300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3408467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a crucial intermediate of the Krebs cycle and plays a critical role in multiple metabolic processes in animals and humans. Of note, AKG contributes to the oxidation of nutrients (i.e., amino acids, glucose, fatty acids) and then provides energy for cell processes. As a precursor of glutamate and glutamine, AKG acts as an antioxidant agent as it directly reacts with hydrogen peroxide with formation of succinate, water, and carbon dioxide; meanwhile, it discharges plenty of ATP by oxidative decarboxylation. Recent studies also show that AKG has alleviative effect on oxidative stress as a source of energy and an antioxidant in mammalian cells. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the antioxidative function of AKG and its applications in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Alpha-Ketoglutarate as a Molecule with Pleiotropic Activity: Well-Known and Novel Possibilities of Therapeutic Use. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:21-36. [PMID: 27326424 PMCID: PMC5274648 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), an endogenous intermediary metabolite in the Krebs cycle, is a molecule involved in multiple metabolic and cellular pathways. It functions as an energy donor, a precursor in the amino acid biosynthesis, a signalling molecule, as well as a regulator of epigenetic processes and cellular signalling via protein binding. AKG is an obligatory co-substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which catalyse hydroxylation reactions on various types of substrates. It regulates the activity of prolyl-4 hydroxylase, which controls the biosynthesis of collagen, a component of bone tissue. AKG also affects the functioning of prolyl hydroxylases, which, in turn, influences the function of the hypoxia-inducible factor, an important transcription factor in cancer development and progression. Additionally, it affects the functioning of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications of chromatin: ten-eleven translocation hydroxylases involved in DNA demethylation and the Jumonji C domain containing lysine demethylases, which are the major histone demethylases. Thus, it regulates gene expression. The metabolic and extrametabolic function of AKG in cells and the organism open many different fields for therapeutic interventions for treatment of diseases. This review presents the results of studies conducted with the use of AKG in states of protein deficiency and oxidative stress conditions. It also discusses current knowledge about AKG as an immunomodulatory agent and a bone anabolic factor. Additionally, the regulatory role of AKG and its structural analogues in carcinogenesis as well as the results of studies of AKG as an anticancer agent are discussed.
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Hyperreactivity of Blood Leukocytes in Patients with NAFLD to Ex Vivo Lipopolysaccharide Treatment Is Modulated by Metformin and Phosphatidylcholine but Not by Alpha Ketoglutarate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143851. [PMID: 26629827 PMCID: PMC4667886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Toll-like receptor 4 and proinflammatory cytokines play a central role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We investigated IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα production and toll-like receptor 4 in both--obese and lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who met different sets of metabolic syndrome criteria and linked the results with the disease burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS 95 subjects were divided into four groups depending on the following criteria: presence or absence of metabolic syndrome and/or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glucose tolerance (prediabetes or normoglycemia) and BMI value (obese or lean). We determined the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and monocyte toll-like receptor 4 expression in fresh blood as well as in blood cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide with or without metformin, alphaketoglutarate or phosphatidylcholine supplementation. RESULTS The blood leukocytes of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are hypersensitive to lipopolysaccharide treatment and produce elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to ex vivo treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, they overexpress toll-like receptor-4. Hyperreactivity was typical mainly for obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease together with metabolic syndrome and decreased with the severity of disease. Metformin was the most effective in attenuation of hyperreactivity in all groups of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but in obese patients the effectiveness of metformin was weaker than in lean. The reduction of cytokine level by metformin was accompanied by the decrease in toll-like receptor-4 expression. phosphatidylcholine also attenuated hyperreactivity to lipopolysaccharide but mainly in obese patients. Alpha ketoglutarate did not modulate cytokines' level and toll-like receptor 4 expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. CONCLUSIONS Metformin and phosphatidylcholine attenuated lipopolysaccharide induced toll-like receptor 4 overexpression and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, their efficacy depended on combined presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and obesity.
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Bayliak MM, Shmihel HV, Lylyk MP, Vytvytska OM, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Alpha-ketoglutarate attenuates toxic effects of sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:650-659. [PMID: 26363988 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) are described that aid fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to resist sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Food supplementation with 10mM AKG alleviated toxic effects of 1mM SNP added to food and improved fly development. Dietary AKG also prevented the increase in levels of oxidative stress markers seen in SNP-reared adult flies. In vitro AKG did not affect the rate of SNP decomposition and did not bind iron and nitrite ions released in this process. Alpha-ketoglutarate also displayed high H2O2-scavenging activity in vitro and efficiently protected adult flies against this compound in combined treatments. Based on the observed antioxidant activity of AKG, it may be suggested that the antioxidant mode of AKG action (apart from its cyanide-binding capability) may be used to prevent the toxic effects of SNP and improve general physiological state of D. melanogaster and other animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Halyna V Shmihel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Maria P Lylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana M Vytvytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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Subramanian P, Dakshayani KB, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Cardinali DP. 24-hour rhythms in oxidative stress during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats: effect of melatonin or alpha-ketoglutarate. Redox Rep 2008; 13:78-86. [PMID: 18339250 DOI: 10.1179/135100008x259178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) and melatonin on 24-h rhythmicity of oxidative stress in N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-injected Wistar male rats, melatonin (5 mg/kg i.p.) or alpha-KG (2 g/kg through an intragastric tube) was given daily for 20 weeks. In blood collected at 6 time points during a 24-h period, serum activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) were measured as markers of liver function. To assess lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant status, plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured, together with the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). NDEA augmented mesor and amplitude of rhythms in AST and ALT activity and plasma alpha-FP levels and mesor values of plasma TBARS, while decreasing mesor values of plasma GSH and erythrocyte SOD, CAT, GPx and GST. Acrophases were delayed by NDEA in all cases except for alpha-FP rhythm, which became phase-advanced. Co-administration of melatonin or alpha-KG partially counteracted the effects of NDEA. Melatonin decreased mesor of plasma TBARS and augmented mesor of SOD activity. The results indicate that melatonin and alpha-KG are effective in protecting from NDEA-induced perturbation of 24-h rhythms in oxidative stress. Melatonin augmented antioxidant defense in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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